题目内容
17.At first,the earth's surface layer(层) was made up of huge blocks of hard,solid rocks.Then slowly,there rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces.Finally stones,pebble(卵石)and grains of sand were formed.Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth.Their remains mixed up with the stones,pebbles and formed soil.The outmost layer of the earth is soil.There are many ways in which large pieces of rock break into smaller ones.Wind,water,heat and cold help to break up rocks.When winds blow grains of sand against a large rock for a long time,the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away.These leave holes and cracks in the rock,which become bigger and finally the rock breaks up into smaller pieces.
The moving water of streams and rivers also help to break up rocks.As the water moves along,it carries with it small pieces of rock.These rub the larger ones.Thus,the larger rocks are worn down to smaller pieces.
The heat of the sun is also helpful to breaking up rocks.When the sun shines,the rocks become very hot.If these rocks are suddenly cooled,they may crack.Ice also plays a part in making soil.Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather.As this happens,it becomes bigger and the cracks become wider,and finally break into smaller pieces.
12.According to the passage,soilA.
A.forms very slowly
B.is a mixture of stones,pebbles and sand
C.make up the layers of the earth
D.is becoming smaller and smaller
13.How many factors are mentioned in helping the forming of soil?B
A.Three.B.Four.
C.Five.D.More than five.
14.Which of the following speeds up the breaks of rocks most?C
A.Hot weather.
B.Cold water.
C.Sharp changes in temperature.
D.More dead plants in the cracks.
15.Which of the following is NOT true?B
A.The remains of many plants of animals formed soil.
B.If a large rock never moves,it will never break up.
C.Even if a large rock never moves,it will break up.
D.Ice in the cracks helps to break up rocks.
分析 文章主要讲述大块岩石经过风化分解而最终形成土壤的过程.
解答 ABCB
12 A 细节题.第一段详细描述了土壤的形成过程,大意为"起初,地球表层由大块坚硬的岩石组成,然后,这些大块岩石分裂成小块砾石,千百年来这些砾石与生物的遗体混合,最后形成了土壤",由此可知土壤的形成过程特别漫长.故正确答案为A.
13 B 细节题.根据文章第二段Wind,water,heat and cold help to break up rocks.可知帮助土壤形成的因素有4个,故选B.
14 C 细节题.由最后一段第二、三句"When the sun shines,the rock become very hot.If these rocks are suddenly cooled,they may crack."可知,气温骤变最可有效促使岩石风化.故正确答案为C.
15 B 细节题.A项,由第一段倒数第二句"Their remains mixed up with the stones,pebbles and formed soil."可知A项所述与原文匹配,所以A项不符合题干要求.B、C项,文中列举的各种风化,都未提到岩石移动,所以B项与原文描述不符,符合题干要求;C项与原文匹配,所以C项不符合题干要求.D项,由最后一段最后两句"Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather.As this happens,it becomes bigger and the cracks become wider,and finally break up into smaller pieces."可知,冰能促使岩石风化分解,所以D项所述与原文匹配,所以D项不符合题干要求.故正确答案为B.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
Antarctica is the highest continent,about 10,000feet high.Antarctica also has very strong winds.The wind sometimes (44)B as fast as two hundred miles an hour.It is also the driest place in the world.
Antarctica is also (45)A.There are huge glaciers and ice everywhere.A glacier is an area of ice that (46)D slowly.The ice and glaciers are beautiful.But most plants and land animals cannot(47)C on the ice.There are no trees,no rivers,and no cities in Antarctica.Only penguins and other sea birds live there.
Antarctica does not (48)D any one country.(49)B,every country owns Antarctica.More than twenty countries have stations in Antarctica.A station is a place where scientists do experiments.The(50)A are the only people who live in Antarctica.
Life on an Antarctica station is (51)A It is like life on a space station.The sun shines for six months,and then it is (52)Bfor six months.People usually have problems with sleeping and eating.They eat more (53)D they are not busy.In an emergency,it is hard to get (54)C.Once,an American doctor Nielsen realized she was(55)C.She had cancer.It was winter,and airplanes could not(56)A in Antarctica.Dr.Nielsen had no choice but to (57)B.An airplane dropped medicine to her,and she had to(58)D herself.Several months later,Dr.Nielsen(59)C to the United States to get special medical help.
Today,ships go to Antarctica during the summer months from November to February.People want to (60)B this unusual place,but they don't want to live there!
41.A.strange | B.flat | C.terrible | D.unique |
42.A.greatest | B.cleanest | C.coldest | D.worst |
43.A.sun | B.air | C.water | D.food |
44.A.comes | B.blows | C.rises | D.drops |
45.A.empty | B.dangerous | C.noisy | D.important |
46.A.forms | B.happens | C.shakes | D.moves |
47.A.remain | B.produce | C.live | D.change |
48.A.depend on | B.complete with | C.appeal to | D.belong to |
49.A.Above all | B.In fact | C.For example | D.On average |
50.A.scientists | B.hunters | C.fishermen | D.sailors |
51.A.hard | B.interesting | C.normal | D.active |
52.A.day | B.night | C.vacation | D.winter |
53.A.while | B.so | C.though | D.because |
54.A.messages | B.replies | C.help | D.relief |
55.A.alone | B.anxious | C.sick | D.hungry |
56.A.land | B.remain | C.stand | D.fly |
57.A.continue | B.stay | C.work | D.adjust |
58.A.took pride in | B.felt sorry for | C.pay attention to | D.took care of |
59.A.referred | B.traveled | C.returned | D.drove |
60.A.remember | B.visit | C.control | D.save |