题目内容

German researchers said older people tend to be portrayed negatively in society. Although they are often described as wise, they are also shown as being slow and forgetful.

“Living in a youth centered culture, they may appreciate a boost in self­esteem.That's why they prefer the negative stories about younger people, who are seen as having a higher status in our society,” said Dr Silvia Knobloch­Westerwick,of Ohio State University.

Knobloch­Westerwick and her co­author Matthias Hastall, of Zeppelin University in Friedrichshafen, Germany, studied 276 German adults, including 178 aged 18 to 30 and 98 between 55 and 60. Their findings are published in the journal Communication.

All the adults in the study were shown what they were led to believe was a test version of a new online news magazine.They were also given limited time to look over either a negative or a positive version of 10 pre­selected articles.

Each story was also paired with a photograph depicting(描绘) someone of either the younger or the older age group.

The researchers found that older people were more likely to choose to read negative articles about those younger than themselves. They also tended to show less interest in articles about older people, whether negative or positive.

But younger people preferred to read positive articles about other young people.

According to Knobloch­Westerwick, older people's preference for negative news about their younger counterparts can be explained by their place in society.

“Everybody likes a self­esteem boost. For young people, though, it's almost automatic. Youth is considered important in society,” she said.

After reading the articles, the participants completed a questionnaire designed to measure levels of self­esteem. Unlike their younger counterparts, the self­esteem of older people rose after they read a negative article about younger people.

Although the study was done in Germany, Knobloch­Westerwick believes nationality and the national characteristics are not important.

20.What do older people think of themselves, according to the text?

A.They are behind the times.

B.They are always forgetful.

C.Their self­esteem is challenged in a youth centered culture.

D.They should have a higher status than the young in society.

21.What can be learned from the study?

A.The old enjoy reading negative stories about the young.

B.The old are interested in negative articles about other old people.

C.The old are likely to read positive articles about other old people.

D.The young like reading negative articles about other young people.

22.According to Knobloch­Westerwick, if a similar study were done in other countries, ________.

A.the result would be unreasonable

B.the result would be quite different

C.the findings would be completely the same

D.much the same result would be found

研究人员发现,在当今以年轻人为中心的社会中,老年人的自尊受到挑战。因此,在一项调查中,老年人更倾向于关注那些反映年轻人消极面的信息,以增强自尊。

20.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的Living in a youth centered culture,they may appreciate a boost in self­esteem.可推知答案。

21.A 细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的The researchers found that older people were more likely to choose to read negative articles about those younger than themselves.可知答案。

22.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的信息…believes nationality and the national characteristics are not important.可知答案。

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B. To hire language teachers to work in Japan.

C. To describe working conditions in Japan.

 D. To make clear the requirements for Japanese teachers.

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 We know from the text that those who are going to Japan will _______.

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If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare,” “Samuel Johnson,” and “Webster,” but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English-William the Conqueror.

Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.

But this state of affairs did not last. In l066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of Eng-land while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.

When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more "foreign" than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man's ambition.

1. The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before l066 were       

A.Welsh and Scottish

B.Nordic and Germanic

C.Celtic and Old English.

D.Anglo-Saxon and Germanic

2. Which of the following groups of words are, by inference, rooted in French?

A.president, Lawyer, beef

B.president, bread, water

C.bread, field, sheep

D.folk, field, cow

3.Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit to Europe?

A.Most advertisements in France appear in English.

B.They know little of the history of the English language.

C.Many French words are similar to English ones.

D.They know French better than German.

4. What is the subject discussed in the text?

A.The history of Great Britain.

B.The similarity between English and French.

C.The rule of England by William the Conqueror.

D.The French influences on the English language.

 

 

第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Does this situation seem familiar to you? Your English is progressing well, the grammar is now familiar, the reading comprehension is no problem, you are communicating quite fluently, but: Listening is STILL a problem! First of all, remember that you are not alone. Listening comprehension is probably the most difficult job for almost all learners of English as a foreign language. The most important thing is to listen as often as possible. The first step is to find listening resources. The Internet is really a useful tool for English students. You can download The RealPlayer from RealMedia.com. The RealPlayer allows you to use the Internet like a radio station.

Once you have begun to listen on a regular basis, you might still be frustrated (懊恼) by limited understanding. What should you do?

Here is some of the advice I give my students:

●Accept the fact that you are not going to understand everything.

●Stay relaxed when you do not understand — even if you continue not to understand for a long time.

●Do not translate what you hear into your native language.

●Listen for the general idea of the conversation. Don’t concentrate on detail until you have understood the main ideas.

I remember the problems I had in understanding spoken German when I first went to Germany. In the beginning, when I didn’t understand a word, I insisted on translating it in my mind. This method usually resulted in confusion. Then, after the first six months, I discovered two extremely important facts. Firstly, translating creates a wall between the listener and the speaker. Secondly, most people repeat themselves constantly. By remaining calm, I noticed that — even if I didn’t pay much attention I could usually understand what the speaker had said.

56. The best way to improve our listening is to _____.

   A. practice as much as possible

   B. find as many listening resources as possible

   C. use the Internet like a radio station

   D. speak naturally and read as much as possible

57. Which of the following is a good habit when listening?

   A. Try to understand everything.                B. Try to get the main ideas.

   C. Pay much attention to details.                D. Translate each word in your mind.

58. Why did the writer mention his / her experience in Germany?

   A. To prove the importance of translating.

   B. To show the problems of speaking a foreign language.

   C. To tell us the importance of staying calm.

   D. To point out an ineffective method of listening.

59. The underlined part “a wall” in the last paragraph refers to “_____”.

   A. a communication barrier                B. culture shock

   C. language conflict                     D. a little misunderstanding

 

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