题目内容

阅读理解
     Adopting a vegan diet dramatically(显著地)reduces one person's impact on the environment.
     It would help deal with the problem of climate change if people ate less meat, according to a
government agency.
     A leaked email to a vegetarian campaign group from an Environment Agency official expresses
sympathy with the environmental benefit of a vegan diet, which bans dairy products and fish.
     The agency also says the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs(DEFRA)is
considering recommending eating less meat as one of the key environmental behavior changes needed
to save the planet.
      It says that this change would have to be introduced"gently"because of"the risk of alienating(使疏远)
the public".
      David Miliband, the Environment Secretary, has raised the issue that farm animals are blamed for
producing large amounts of powerful greenhouse gas, methane, and told farmers they need to do
something about it but the agency's response appears to go further than official advice.
     It has provoked(引起)an immediate response from the National Farmers Union, which said the
suggestion was"simplistic"and"a cause of concern".
     The agency's official was responding to an email from the vegan group Viva, which argues that it
is more efficient to use land to grow crops for direct consumption by humans rather than feeding them
to dairy cows or livestock(家畜)raised for meat.
      The campaign group entered a comment on the Environment Ageney's website saying:"Adopting
a vegan diet reduces one person's impact on the environment even more effective than giving up their
car or forgoing several plane trips a year!Why aren't you promoting this message as part of your
World Environment Day campaign?"
      An agency official replied:"While potential benefit of a vegan diet in terms of climate impact could
be very significant, encouraging the public to take a lifestyle decision as substantial as becoming a vegan
would be a request that few are likely to take up."
       You will be interested to hear that the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is
working on a set of key environmental behavior changes to mitigate climate change.Consumption of
animal protein has been highlighted within that work.As a result the issue may start to figure in climate
change communications in the future.It will be a case of introducing gently as there is a risk of alienating
the public.
      "Future Environment Agency communications are unlikely to ever suggest adopting a fully vegan
lifestyle, but certainly encouraging people to examine their consumption of animal protein could be a
key message."
      Juliet Gellatley, director of Viva, said, "I think it is extraordinary that a government agency thinks
becoming a vegetarian or a vegan could have such a positive impact on the environment yet it is not
prepared to stand up and argue the case."
      A DEFRA spokesman said:"The government is not telling people to give up meat.It isn't the role
of government to enforce a dietary or lifestyle change on any individual."

1.suggestion2.pollution3.responses4.issue5．consumption 6.worry/concern/anxiety
7.Consider/Treat/Regard8.difficulty/trouble9.risk10.role/part
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第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
第一节：阅读选择（计分30）
A
Do you sometimes argue about what seems to you to be simple fact? Do you argue whether it' s cold outdoors or whether the car in front of you is going faster than the speed limit?
If you get into such arguments, try to think about the story about the six blind men and the elephant. The first blind man who felt the elephant' s trunk said it was like a snake. The second who felt the elephant's side said it was like a wall, while the third said it was like a spear as he touched the animal' s tusk. The fourth, who caught hold of the elephant's tail insisted that it was like a rope. The fifth man said it looked like a tree as he put his arms around one of the elephant' s legs. The sixth, who was tall and got hold of the elephant' s ears, said it was like a huge fan.
Each man' s idea of the animal came from his own experience. So if someone disagrees with you about a "simple fact", it' s often because his experience in the matter is different from yours.
To see how hard it is for even one person to make up his mind about a "simple fact", try this simple experiment.  Get three large bowls. Put ice water in one. Put hot water in the second. Put lukewarm water in the third. Now put your left hand in the ice water. Put your right hand in the hot water. After thirty seconds, put both hands in the lukewarm water. Your right hand will tell you the water is cold. Your left hand will tell you it's hot!
56. What makes people think about simple facts differently?
A. The fact that simple facts differ from one another.
B. The fact that people have different experience in the simple facts.
C. The fact that people often disagree with one another.
D. The fact that it' s hard to make up one's mind about simple facts.
57. The writer's advice is____.
A. we should never think about simple facts
B. we should never judge something with a one-sided view
C. we should not agree about simple facts
D. we must learn from the six blind men
58. After reading the last paragraph, we may think of ____.
A. Newton' s law               B. Galileo' s theory of falling objects
C. Einstein' s Theory of Relativity D. Marx' s On Capital
59. The main idea of this passage is ____.
A. people often judge something according to his own experience
B. people often agree about simple facts
C. it's hard for a person to make up his mind about a simple fact
D. you should not care too much about simple fact


Ⅲ阅读（共两节。满分40分）
第一节阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
   阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Do you have any idea what you would like to be and do after graduation? A lot of people don't begin thinking about career until they reach junior or senior year, which, in my opinion, is too late.
When people are trying to decide what they want to do, it helps to know something they love. Ever since I was little, I’ve always been doing someone’s hair, make-up or nails, starting with Barbie dolls and progressing to humans. Over the years my family has really inspired me to do this and now I fix friends’ and family members’ hair for weddings, dances and other big events.
I have been thinking about what I would like to do for a career since middle school. I did some research and discovered that I might really enjoy being a cosmetologist so, I went to my hair stylist and asked her lots of questions about what it takes to reach her level and what she would recommend I do. I considered her advice and then did more research.
I used Aveda’s website to get information on the Aveda Institute and what type of credits(贷款) I would need from high school to apply. I found their institute has three parts: theatrical knowledge, practical experience, and professional business-building skills. For the past few years, I have been looking at Aveda in more and more detail. This school not only offers cosmetology, but also massage therapy(疗法). I grew up in Minnesota(美国北部的一个州), so I plan to apply to the institute in Minneapolis that several people have highly recommended. It helps students become “future industry leaders in hair care, skin care, makeup and total body wellness”. It is affordable and everyone there is friendly and understanding.
Having done the groundwork and thinking about what I’d like to do after high school, I know that I will definitely pursue my dream of becoming a cosmetologist.
1. After reading the text, we can infer the author is interested in ________.
A. traveling abroad         B. service business         C. social activities  D. acting on the stage
2. Why does the author think it’s too late for people to start thinking about careers in junior or senior year?
A. Because he/she began to think about them when very young.
B. Because many people are too old to learn.
C. Because a lot of people can’t grasp the opportunity.
D. Because many people have little they love.
3. We know from the text that a cosmetologist is ________.
A. a chemist working at college             B. a person who works in the institute
C. a doctor in a hospital                        D. a person doing all types of body care for people
4. The author plans to apply to the institute in Minnepolis NOT because ________.
A. the people there are good to others           B. some people advise him/her to do so
C. the institute is free of charge                    D. the institute is helpful to his/her future
5. The author of the text may be a ________.
A. married person                                       B. middle school student             
C. college student                                        D. a teacher in an institute


III、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Do dogs understand us?
Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.
A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).
In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.
In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.
The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked
out the answer by process of elimination(排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.          
Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品种)known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.
It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't talk back. Still, it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!
41. From paragraph 3 we know that _________.
A. animals are as clever as human beings
B. dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzees
C. chimpanzees have very good word-learning skills
D. dogs have the same learning abilities as 3-year-old children
42. Both experiments show that          .
A. Rico is smart enough to get all commands right
B. Rico can recognize different things including toys
C. Rico has developed the ability of learning mathematics
D. Rico won't forget the names of objects once recognizing them
43. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The purpose of the experiments is to show the border collie's mental abilities.
B. Rico has a better memory partly because of its proper early training.
C. The Border collie is world-famous for recognizing objects.
D. Rico is born to understand its owner's commands.
44. What does the writer want to tell us?
A. To train your dog.                        B. To talk to your dog.
C. To be friendly to your dog.                 D. To be careful with your dog.


第三部分: 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。         A
Do you enjoy reading? Do you read newspapers or magazines? Chances are, if you do any of these activities, your pre-school child is on his way to becoming a reader.
The process of learning to read is complex, and one of the most important things to know is that parents can help their children learn to read. As children have conversations with adults, they hear both new and familiar words and their vocabulary grows.
There are many opportunities for adults and children to talk together, such as when riding in the car or in a bus, doing housework like fixing dinner, or bathing and getting ready for bed. A major part of conversation is listening. When children talk, adults listen and respond. Then children listen and respond, and so the flow of conversation happens.
Have you watched you pre-school child pretend to read to his younger sisters or brothers? Have you read his favorite story over and over? These experiences tell children that reading is fun. And when things are fun and they are repeated, your child will see letters. He begins to connect them to familiar words, especially the letters that make up his name. A natural next step for him to take is to write the letters.
When children see parents make a grocery list, they want to use a pencil and paper to make their own list. To encourage these beginning writing activities, have pencils, markers, crayons and scrap paper within your children’s reach.
The more children get connected with talking, listening, reading and writing, the easier it is for them to become active readers. While you as a parent have a big influence on these early behaviors, it is important to remember that opportunities for literacy experiences happen when you and your child share in the basic routines（日常生活）of everyday life.
56. The third paragraph tells us that parents can talk with their children__________.
A. during daily routines          B. only in quiet places
C. in their spare time           D. when they are eager to walk
57. During the process of learning to read, children may _________.
A .copy the action of the adults.
B. prefer to talk with those of their own age.
C. keep their interest in reading all the time.
D. waste a lot of paper and other materials.
58. When do children want to learn to write?
A. When their parents ask them to do so.
B. When they believe they can write well.
C. When they remember what their parents taught them.
D. When they can connect letters with familiar words.
59. The passage is written to _____________.
A. talk about parents’ influence on their children’s behavior
B. encourage parents to set a good example to their children
C. advise parents to make reading a part of their children’s daily life
D. make parents believe in the importance of early reading

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