题目内容
Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is on e extra heading which you do not need.
You’re probably most familiar with college dictionaries, often called abridged dictionaries. Although abridged means “shortened”, these dictionaries contain more than 150.000 entries and provide detailed definitions that are sufficient for most college students and general users. College dictionaries also contain separate lists of abbreviations. Biographical and geographical names, foreign words and phrases. And tables of measures. Webster’s Ⅱ New Riverside University Dictionary and the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language are college dictionaries.
unabridged dictionaries contain as many as 500,000 entries and provide detailed definitions and extensive word histories (etymologies). These dictionaries, possibly in several volumes and mostly found in libraries, are excellent sources for scholarly inquiries. Unabridged dictionaries include the Oxford English Dictionary and the Random House Dictionary of the English Language.
A dictionary entry has many elements: multiple definitions, syllabication, preferred spelling and pronunciation (some word have more than one acceptable spelling and pronunciation), and part-of-speech labels. Some entries also include plurals and capitalized forms. Synonyms, antonyms, and derivatives. Americanisms and etymologies may be provide along with usage notes, cross-references, and idioms.
If you prefer using the dictionary on a computer, you can obtain CD-ROM versions of many major dictionaries. In addition, you can access numerous dictionaries, such as WWWebster’s Dictionary, on the Internet. Online dictionaries allow you to enter a search word (you even get help with spelling ) to see a definition, and sometimes even an illustration. Online dictionaries also offer additional features, such as word games. Language tips, and amusing facts about words. Some online dictionary services allow you to access numerous dictionaries, both general and specialized, in on search.
Specialized dictionaries provide in-depth information about a certain field. For example there are dictionaries for the specialized vocabularies of law, computer technology, and medicine. In addition, there are dictionaries of synonyms, clichés, slang, and even regional expressions. Such as the Dictionary of American Regional English(DARE). There are also dictionaries of foreign languages, famous people’s names, literary characters’ names and place names.
【小题1】F
【小题2】D
【小题3】C
【小题4】B
【小题5】E
解析:
这是上海等地高考的“标题匹配”题。该题型旨在考查考生对语段的分析概括能力。解答这种题型,除了平时注意训练总体把握,提取语段主旨要义的阅读技巧外,还要掌握一些解题技巧(如要善于抓住语段的中心词和中心句,注意捕捉这些信息和备选项之间的同义转换关系),以期达到事半功倍的效果。
【小题1】本段主要介绍了学院辞典(也叫节本辞典)的特点,故用F做标题比较合适。
【小题2】本段首句为中心句,介绍了辞典的详细版本,故D为正确答案。
【小题3】本段开门见山,开头几句点明了话题——辞典词条的组成部分,故C为正确答案。
【小题4】本段介绍了两类新型辞典——电子词典和在线词典。B项说法与之相符,为正确答案。
【小题5】抓住本段首句,句中specialized和E中的particular构成同意转换,且两处都含有field这个中心词,故可确定答案为E。
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
Learn how to relax The right amount of stress is a necessity Share your stress Take care of yourself E. Try physical activities F. Be a participant |
Stress comes from mental or emotional activity and physical activity. It is unique and personal to each of us. You need stress in your life. Without stress, life would be dull and unexciting. Stress adds flavour, challenge, and opportunity to life. Too much stress, however, can seriously affect your physical and mental peace. A major challenge in this stress-filled world of today is to make the stress in your life work for you instead of against you.
【小题2】 ____________
When you are nervous, angry, or upset, release the pressure through exercise or physical activities. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve that “uptight” feeling, relax you, and turn the frowns (皱眉) into smiles. Remember, your body and your mind work together.
【小题3】____________
You are special. Get enough rest and eat well. If a problem is beyond your control and cannot be changed at the moment, don’t fight the situation. If you are irritable (急躁的) and tense from lack of sleep or if you are not eating correctly, you will have less ability to deal with stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun, or you should ask your doctor for help. Be good to yourself.
【小题4】____________
One way to keep from getting aboard, sad, and lonely is to go where it’s all happening. Sitting alone can make you feel disappointed. Instead of feeling sorry for yourself, get involved. Offer your services in neighbourhood or volunteer organizations. Help yourself by helping other people. Get involved in the world and the people around you, and you’ll find they will be attracted to you. You will be on your way to make new friends and enjoy new activities.
【小题5】____________
The best way of avoiding stress is to relax. Unfortunately, many people try to relax at the same pace that they lead the rest of their lives. For a while, forget your worries about time, productivity, and “doing right”. You will find satisfaction in just being, without struggling hard. Find activities that give you pleasure and that are good for your mental and physical well-being. Read a good book or listen to beautiful music to create a sense of peace. Forget about always winning. Focus on relaxation, enjoyment, and health.
Section C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
A Preparation for taking a citizenship test B Citizenship tests in European countries C Cultural differences and conflicts D New US Citizenship Test E Different views on the new citizenship test F Goal of the new citizenship test |
80. |
|
Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services(US-CIS). It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are l3 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.
81. |
|
The newly released US citizenship exam has included more information and knowledge. People who take it need to know more about the adopted country and have a deeper insight into its culture and values. “The goal is to make it more meaningful.” explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US—CIS. Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better “understanding and respect” for US civic values, Gonzalez says.
82. |
|
The US isn't the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a “shared commitment” from immigrants for their adopted country's “values”. In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude(裸体的)women bathing at beaches and gay(同性恋的)men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that “newcomers will be comfortable with the country's liberal social mores(风俗)”.
83. |
|
Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they become hostile (敌对的) to each other. Promoting unity has become a major concern for European countries, after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes(少数民族聚居区)in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by religious extremists.
84. |
|
Officials believe that a person's attachment to a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate(同化)themselves. “Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?” says Ali Noorani, of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition(难民辩护联盟).