What is the relationship between violence and sports? Psychologists say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events．One is alcohol．Many fans drink a lot at games．When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things．Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud．Normally nonviolent people become destructive．”
David Sampson, a sports sociologist, says, “These are often celebratory riots－ a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol．They don't often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly．”
Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd．When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility．Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone．People in crowds feel anonymous － no one knows who they are．Crowds also make people feel powerful．They stop making personal decisions．They just follow the crowd．Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality”．
Dave Zarifis, head of public safety says, “Some people don't even come to celebrate．They want to drink hard and make trouble．Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there．You get a mob mentality．People think it's OK to do almost anything．They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them．'
Social psychologist Dr．Sharon Kennedy says that there are some things officials can do to prevent violence．Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important．Officials should also think of games as “big parties．” Then they will prepare differently．Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums．“When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly．”
(1)
Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs?
[ ]
A．
There's a connection between violence and sports
B．
One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol．
C．
There are many reasons for violence at sports events．
D．
David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion．
(2)
Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?
[ ]
A．
“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy．”
B．
“ It's safe to do what many people are doing．”
C．
“There are so many of us and not enough of them．”
D．
“ No one knows I'm doing this．”
(3)
The last paragraph is mainly about ________．
[ ]
A．
how to turn games into big parties
B．
why to install cameras in stadiums
C．
how to prevent violence at sports events
D．
how to avoid oneself behaving badly
(4)
What lesson can we learn from this passage?
[ ]
A．
Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are．
B．
Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet．
C．
Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something．
D．
Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there．
To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely strory the Christians(基督教徒)ever cooked up．For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil(邪恶的)．So when Colu brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be eden, ever jumped to be the obvious conclusion．Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut o the door of Europeans．
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was the to have come from Hell(地狱)．What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots w looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits．Tough the tomato and the man were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population consio them one and the same, to terrible to touch．
Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the We people continued to drag their feet．In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert that the most interestinig part of an afternoon tea at her father's house had been the “introduction this wonderful new fruit-or is it a vegetable?”As late as the twentieth century some writers classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an”evil fruit”．
But in the end tomatoes carried the day．The hero of the tomato was an American named R Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hun of miles to watch him drop dead．”Wha are you afraid of?”he shouted．”I'll show you fools these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato．Some people fainted．But he sur and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory．
(1)
The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because ________．
[ ]
A．
it made Christive evil
B．
it was the apple of Eden
C．
it came from a forbidden land
D．
it was religiously unacceptable
(2)
What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3?
[ ]
A．
The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down
B．
There was little pregress in the study of the tomato
C．
The tomato was still refused in most western countries
D．
Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato
(3)
What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato Publicly?
[ ]
A．
To manke imself a hero
B．
To remove people's fear of the tomaoto
C．
To speed up the popularityt of the tomato
D．
To persuade people to buy products fo\rom his factory
(4)
What is the main purpose of the passage?
[ ]
A．
To challenge people's fixed concept of the tomato
B．
To give an explanation to people's dislike of the tomato
C．
To present the change of people's attitudes to the tomato
D．
To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence
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