Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between races and rates(率) of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to d 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between races and rates(率) of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.

Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year research studied more than 180,000 people. They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2.000 people in the study developed lung cancer.

Researchers say genetics(遗传学) might help explain the racial and ethnic（种族的） differences. There could be differences in how people's bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.

African-Americans and Latinos in the study are reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites are the heaviest smokers. But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer.

Scientists know that some diseases effect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted(针对) medicines. Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it "a step toward the promise of personalized medicine."

61．Which of the following orders is from higher to lower risk of having lung cancer?

A．Whites―Native Hawaiians

B．Africans―Americans―Latinos

C．Asians―Native Hawaiians

D．Africans―Americans―Native Hawaiians

62．Researchers agree that it is that may probably determine black people’s risk of lung cancer.

A．the larger amount of smoking than white people

B．the living style or habit of the blacks

C．the depth of cigarette smoke into their lungs

D．the physical strength to react to cigarette smoke

63．People in the new study are made up of .

A．heavy smokers in America B．the black and white people

C．the Asians and Hawaiians D．smokers and non-smokers

64．The production of BiDil referred to in the last paragraph is to .

A．explain different races react to some diseases differently

B．tell the readers that racial differences exist in smokers

C．show a big step people have taken in the medicine area

D．support the idea that it is easy for blacks to have cancers

65．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?

A．The way of smoking may increase the risk of lung cancer.

B．Race has nothing to do with the risk of having a lung cancer.

C．The research was started by the New England Journal of Medicine.

D．The risk of lung cancer lies I how much a person smokes.

61―65BCDAA

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The Best of Friends

The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly held image (印象) of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.

An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just how positive today’s young people seem to be about their families,” said one member of the research team. “They’re expected to be rebellious (叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds; they want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s more negotiation (商议) and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat.”

So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,” says 17-years-old Daniel Lazall. “I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. As long as they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.” Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example, as long as I’d done all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”

Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments, “Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over.”

What is the popular image of teenagers today?

A. They worry about school. B. They quarrel a lot with other family members

C. They have to be locked in to avoid troubles. . D. They dislike living with their parents.

The study shows that teenagers don’t want to ______.

A. share family responsibility B. make family decisions

C. go boating with their family D. cause trouble in their families

Compared with parents of 30 years ago, today’s parents______.

A. go to clubs more often with their children B. give their children more freedom

C. care less about their children’s life D. are much stricter with their children

According to the author, teenage rebellion ______.

A. existed only in the 1960s B. is common nowadays

C. may be a false belief D. resulted from changes in families

What is the passage mainly about?

A. Harmony in family. B. Education in family.

C. Negotiation in family. D. Teenage trouble in family.

Mr William Shakespeare and the Internet

Explanation of Contents

This is the fourth edition of these pages. It is hard to believe, but once again they are new and improved. My motive in publishing these pages remains to help and stimulate others in Shakespeare studies, and especially those who might contribute their work to the Internet. The spirit of altruism (利他主义) that originally built the Internet is not quite gone, though, sadly, through the pressure of time and profit has lessened.

A major new addition to the pages is a Shakespeare Timeline, which is an online biography mounted at this site. The problems with searching for Shakespeare resources using the available Search Engines are:

---- It is difficult to focus most searches so that you get a manageable number of relevant hits;

---- It is impossible by simply reading an abstract to make any distinction between the output of a Junior High School student and that of a professional researcher.

Another change in these pages over previous editions is the “What’s News” page. If you come away from these pages with the feeling that they are very useful but slightly pedantic (学究的), I will have realized my goal.

An Apology

I am continually apologizing to the many who have written me requesting revisions of the pages. We are all too busy. I simply have not had the time to dedicate to these pages that I wish. But I love the material and so have, at long last, made some time to update them.

A Reminder to Young Students

These pages contain the best links I can find to Shakespeare on the Internet. As a reminder, I would say I very much enjoy hearing from people who view and use these pages. If you want to do Shakespeare research using the web, this page is a great starting point, and I keep it as current as I can. The web is in its infancy in bringing good, scholarly content to students. Don’t forget the best, if not quickest, resources are still in your library.

57. The passage is written to ____.

A. introduce the fourth edition of these pages

B. make an apology to readers

C. show off these pages to readers

D. let Shakespeare researchers buy these pages

58. Which of the following is the new addition to the pages?

A. The writer’s apology.

B. Search Engines.

C. A Shakespeare Timeline.

D. Receiving readers’ e-mails.

59. When searching for Shakespeare resources using Search Engines, you ____.

A. will waste some time in finding what you want

B. can easily recognize what the abstract means

C. will often come into the “What’s News” pages

D. will find something special on your computers

60. Which of the following can best conclude the last paragraph?

A. The writer will often read letters from those who use these pages.

B. The writer of the passage is very selfish.

C. The web was just created four years ago.

D. Shakespeare researchers should first of all refer to these pages.

Romance does not have to fizzle out（失败） in long-term relationships and progress into a companionship/friendship-type love, a new study has found. Romantic love can last a lifetime and lead to happier, healthier 1 .

"Many believe that 2 love is the same as passionate（多情的）love," said lead researcher Bianca P. Acevedo, PhD, then at Stony Brook University (currently at University of California, Santa Barbara). "It isn't. Romantic love has the intensity, engagement and sexual chemistry that passionate love has, minus the obsessive component（过度成分）. Passionate or obsessive love includes 3 of uncertainty and anxiety. This kind of love 4 drive the shorter relationships but not the longer ones."

These findings 5 in the March issue of Review of General Psychology, published by the American Psychological Association.

Acevedo and co-researcher Arthur Aron, PhD, reviewed 25 studies with 6,070 individuals in short- and long-term relationships to 6 whether romantic love is associated with more satisfaction. To determine this, they 7 the relationships in each of the studies as romantic, passionate (romantic with obsession) or friendship-like love and categorized them as long- or short-term.

The researchers looked at 17 short-term relationship studies, which included 18- to 23-year-old college students who were 8 , dating or married, with the average relationship lasting less than four years. They also 9 at 10 long-term relationship studies including middle-aged couples who were typically married 10 years or more. Two of the 10 ncluded both long- and short-term relationships in which it was possible to distinguish the two samples.

The review found that those who reported greater romantic love were more 11 in both the short- and long-term relationships. Companion-like love was only moderately 12 with satisfaction in both short- and long-term relationships. And those who reported greater passionate love in their relationships were more satisfied in the short term 13 to the long term.

Couples who reported more satisfaction in their relationships also 14 being happier and having higher self-esteem.

Feeling that a partner is "there for you" 15 or a good relationship, Acevedo said, and facilitates（促进） feelings of romantic love. On the other hand, "feelings of insecurity are generally associated with 16 satisfaction, and in some 17 may spark conflict in the relationship. This can manifest（表白） into obsessive love," she said.

This discovery may change people's 18 of what they want in long-term relationships. According to the authors, companionship love, which is what many couples see as the natural 19 of a successful relationship, may be an unnecessary compromise(妥协). "Couples should strive for love with all the trimmings（修剪）," Acevedo said. "And couples who've been together a long time and wish to get back their romantic edge should know it is an attainable（可达到的） goal that, like most good things in life, 20 energy and devotion."

( ) 1. A. scholarships B. friendships C. relationships D. companionships

( ) 2. A. obsessive B. romantic C. passionate D. companion

( ) 3. A. feelings B. factors C. consequences D. barriers

( ) 4. A. contributes B. helps C. prevents D. speeds

( ) 5. A. occur B. take C. write D. appear

( ) 6. A. find out B. work out C. take out D. bring out

( ) 7. A. separated B. classified C. divided D. cut

( ) 8. A. alone B. lonely C. single D. unique

( ) 9. A. glanced B. glared C. stared D. looked

( ) 10. A. findings B. examinations C. experiments D. studies

( ) 11. A. unpleased B. disappointed C. satisfied D. desperate

( ) 12. A. referred B. associated C. contended D. conflicted

( ) 13. A. compared B. comparing C. added D. led

( ) 14. A. reported B. said C. believed D. hoped

( ) 15. A. takes B. makes C. means D. depends

( ) 16. A. higher B. lower C. no D. much

( ) 17. A. environments B. states C. air D. cases

( ) 18. A. views B. expectations C. remarks D. statements

( ) 19. A. progression B. change C. results D. choice

( ) 20. A. produces B. satisfies C. requires D. consumes

A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 2025.

A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

P-A-I researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three-thousand-million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.

Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters are not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera, which are carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.

The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.

The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

are expected to have severe water problems by the year 2025.

A. 18 countries B. No countries

C. 46 countries D. 28 countries

All the following are true except .

A. New industries need a lot of water

B. There are solutions to the water problem

C. Egypt now has enough fresh water

D. Lack of water may cause conflict between countries

It can be learned that .

A. The ability of developing has nothing to do with lack of water.

B. . It is not known whether diseases have something to do with lack of water

C. Lack of water may also result from international conflict

D There is connection between providing clean water and slowing population growth

The best title of the passage would be .

A. World Water Shortage B. Population and Water

C. World Conflict D. Diseases and Water

Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?

To see whether babies know objects are solid. T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion (视觉影像) of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprised in their faces and movements. All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.

Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?

Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to re-appear. If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted (替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch (更换). Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.

1.The passage is mainly about .

A. babies’ sense of sight B. effects of experiments on babies

C. babies’ understanding of objects D. different tests on babies’ feelings

2.In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object .

A. still exists B. keeps its shape C. still stays solid D. is beyond reach

3.What did Bower use in his experiments?

A. A chair B. A screen C. A film D. A box

4.Which of the following statements is true?

A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.

B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.

C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects

D. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.

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