题目内容

A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease.

Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.

Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.

University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study. He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely. They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.

Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely. In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. A friend of that person was 25% more likely. The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someone’s loneliness.

The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.

The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days.

Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties. The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it.

The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness. They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness. The result can be helpful to the whole social group.

What is true about the Framingham Study?

A. It was only conducted in 1948.        B. It involves more than 12,000 participants.

C. It was led by John Cacioppo          D. It showed that any behavior could spread.

From the passage, we can learn that            .

A. the habit of littering doesn’t spread

B. a lonely person won’t have friends

C. everyone may be affected by others’ loneliness

D. lonely people don’t know the cause of their loneliness

Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true?

A. The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends.

B. No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives.

C. Women are more likely to be affected than men.

D. Brothers are more easily affected than neighbors.

If you make 10 more friends in a year, the days of your feeling loneliness will be reduced by            .

A. 48 days          B. 25 days      C. 20 days      D. 15 days

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Actions should be taken to help lonely people.  B. People feel lonely for many reasons.

C. Ways to fight against loneliness.             D. Lonely people can affect others.

【小题1】B【小题1】C【小题1】C【小题1】B【小题1】D 


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Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables(变量): language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To deal with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.   

    The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment lie in the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural differences. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from disappearing.   

    The other school suggests that companies must adjust business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia(近视) or even blindness.   

    Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your rivals, know your audience, and know your customer.   

According to the passage, which of the following is true?   

A. Business diversity is not necessary.

B. All international managers can learn culture.  

C. Most people do not know foreign culture well.  

D. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.   

According to the author, the model of Pepsi                .   

    A. is different from the model of McDonald’s .

    B. reflect the idea that business is business.  

    C. has converged cultural differences .

    D. shows the reverse of globalization .

The two schools of thought               .   

    A. both think dealing with cultural environment is the most complicated problem in business   

    B. both admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world.  

    C. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries.   

D.both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures.

This article is supposed to be most useful for those                 .   

    A. who have connections to more than one type of culture

    B. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity  

    C. who want to run business in other countries   

    D. who want to travel abroad 

He met her at a party. She was outstanding; many guys were   41   her, but nobody paid any attention to him. After the party, he   42   her for coffee. She was   43  . In order not to appear rude, she went   44  .

As they sat in a nice   45   shop, he was too nervous to say anything and she felt   46  .

Suddenly, he asked the waiter, “Could you please give me some   47  ? I’d like to put it in my coffee.”

They stared at him. He turned red; but when the salt came, he put it in his coffee and drank.  48  , she asked. “Why salt with coffee?” He explained, “When I was a little boy, I lived near the sea, I liked playing on the sea… I could   49   its salty taste, like salty coffee. Now every time I drink it, I   50   my childhood and my hometown. I miss   51   and my parents, who are still there.”

She was   52   touched. A man who can admit that he’s homesick must love his home and care about his family. He must be   53  .

So they dated,   54   and lived happily together. And every time she made coffee for him, she would put in some salt, the way he liked it.

After 40 years, he   55   and left her a letter which said:

My dearest, please   56   my life-long lie. Remember the first time we dated? I was so nervous that I asked for salt   57   sugar.

Sweetheart, I don’t exactly like salty coffee. But as it mattered so   58   to you, I’ve   59 

to enjoy it. Having you with me was my greatest happiness. If I could live a second time, I hope we can be together again,   60  , it means that I have to drink salty coffee for the rest of my life.

A. before     B. beyond       C. after   D. near

A. invited    B. paid    C. forced D. asked

A. interested B. frightened  C. moved       D. surprised

A. away       B. along  C. over    D. down

A. coffee     B. tea      C. beer    D. wine

A. comfortable    B. different     C. uncomfortable   D. indifferent

A. sugar       B. pepper       C. candy  D. salt

A. Angrily   B. Curiously   C. Worriedly   D. Happily

A. feel  B. see      C. notice D. find

A. think over       B. bring up     C. think of      D. remind of

A. this  B. it C. him    D. her

A. highly     B. specially     C. hardly D. deeply

A. responsible     B. reasonable  C. sensible      D. representative

A. married   B. engaged     C. separated    D. split

A. walked away   B. left away    C. passed away       D. got away

A. forget      B. forgive       C. imagine      D. value

A. instead    B. instead of   C. in spite of   D. other than

A. many      B. more   C. any     D. much

A. studied    B. learnt  C. adapted      D. used

A. however  B. as it    C. when  D. even if

NPR has ended its contract with Juan Williams, one of its senior news analysts, after he made comments about Muslims on the Fox News Channel.

NPR said in a statement that it gave Mr. Williams notice of his ending in this organization on Wednesday night.

The move came after Mr. Williams, who is also a Fox News political analyst, appeared on the “The O’Reilly Factor” on Monday. On the show, the host, Bill O’Reilly, asked him to respond to the idea that the United States was facing a “Muslim dilemma(窘境).”Mr. O’Reilly said, “The cold truth is that in the world today jihad(圣战), helped and encouraged by some Muslim nations, is the biggest threat on the planet.”

Mr. Williams said he agreed with Mr. O'Reilly.

He continued: “You know the kind of books I've written about the civil rights movement in this country. But when I get on the plane. I got to tell you, if I see people who are in Muslim clothing and I think, you know, they are identifying themselves first and known as Muslim. I get worried. I get nervous. ”

Mr. Williams also made reference to the Pakistani immigrant who was guilty this month trying to plant a car bomb in Times Square. “He said the war with Muslims, America's war is just beginning, first drop of blood. I don’t think there’s any way to get away from these facts,” Mr. Williams said.

NPR said in its statement that the remarks “were inconsistent with our editorial standards and practices, and weakened his reputation as a news analyst with NPR”

The public radio organization said it thanked him for many years of service. Mr. Williams did

not immediately respond on Wednesday night to an e-mail seeking comment.

Mr. Williams' contributions on Fox raised eyebrows at NPR in the past. In February 2009, NPR said it had asked that he stop being identified on “The O’Reilly Factor” as a “senior correspondent for NPR,” even though that title was accurate.

According to the passage, NPR is probably_      

   A. a TV station            B. a public radio organization      

    C. a newspaper         D. a website

NPR has ended its contract with Juan Williams because

   A. Juan Williams made comments on the Fox News Channel without NPR's permission

   B. NPR was disappointed about Juan Williams’ performance in its programs

   C. Juan Williams' remarks about Muslims ruined NPR's reputation

   D. Juan Williams' comments and performances didn't agree with NPR's traditions

What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5'?

   A. Juan Williams is afraid of taking a plane.

   B. It’s very easy to recognize Muslims because their clothes are special.

   C. Muslims are sometimes considered dangerous to the safety of the world.

   D. Juan Williams looks down upon Muslims.

The best title of the passage is        

    A. NPR ended its contract with Juan Williams

    B. Muslims are the biggest threat to the world

    C. Juan Williams, the senior news analyst of NPR

    D. Fired from NPR, Juan Williams keeps talking on Fox

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