题目内容
“Separate” is the most ________ misspelt word in the English language, according to a new study of 3,500 Britons．
- A.badly
- B.casually
- C.definitely
- D.commonly
名校课堂系列答案阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Invention is a creative process. An open and curious mind enables one to see beyond what is known. Seeing a new possibility, a new connection or relationship can spark(引发) an invention. Inventive thinking frequently involves combining concepts or elements from different fields that would not normally be put together. Sometimes inventors skip over the boundaries between separate fields. Ways of thinking, materials, processes or tools from one field are used as no one else has imagined in a different field.
Play can lead to invention. Childhood curiosity like playing in a sand box, imagination can develop one’s play nature—an inner need according to Carl Jung. Inventors feel the need to play with things that interest them, and to explore, and this internal drive brings about interesting creations.
Inventing can also be an obsession(痴迷). Inventors often imagine a new idea, seeing it in their mind’s eye. New ideas can arise when the conscious mind turns away from the subject or problem; or when the focus is on something else; or even while relaxing or sleeping. An unusual idea may come all of a sudden! For example, after years of working to figure out the general theory of relativity, the solution came to Einstein suddenly in a dream “like a giant die making an unforgettable impress, a huge map of the universe summarized itself in one clear vision”.
Invention can also be accidental. Insight(洞察力) is also an important element of invention. It may begin with questions or doubt. It may begin by recognizing something unusual. It may be useful and it could open a new way for exploration. For example, the odd metallic color of plastic made by accidentally adding too much catalyst(催化剂) led scientists to explore its metal-like properties(性能). They then invented electrically conductive plastic and light emitting(散发) plastic—an invention that won the Nobel Prize in 2000 and has led to new kind of lighting, display screens, wallpaper and much more.
Title: 1.
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A(n) 2. process |
◆Look 3. than we know now. ◆Give combining concepts or 4. elements from different fields. ◆No one can 5. this before. |
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An obsession |
◆ 6. often imagine a new idea. ◆An unusual idea may come 7. . |
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A(n) 8. |
◆A vital element of invention is 9. . ◆It may open a new way for exploration. ◆Accidental actions can 10. to innovation. |
When I asked my daughter which item she would keep; the phone, the car, the cooker, the computer, the TV, or her boyfriend, she said” the phone”. Personally, I could do without the phone entirely, which makes me unusual. Because the telephone is changing our lives more than any other piece of technology.
Point 1 The telephone creates the need to communicate, in the same way that more roads create more traffic. My daughter comes home from school at 4:00 pm and then spends an hour on the phone talking to the very people she has been at school with all day. If the phone did not exist, would she have anything to talk about?
Point 2 The mobile phone means that we are never alone. “The mobile saved my life,” says Crystal Johnstone. She had an accident in her Volvo on the A45 between Otley and Skipton. Trapped inside, she managed to make the call that brought the ambulance(救护车) to her rescue.
Point 3 The mobile removes our secret. It allows marketing manager of Haba Deutsch, Carl Nicolaisen, to ring his sales staff all round the world at and time of day to ask where they are , where they are going, and how their last meeting went.
Point 4 The telephone separates us. Antonella Bramante in Rome says, “We worked in separate offices but I could see him through the window. It was easy to get his number. We were so near——but we didn’t meet for the first two weeks!”
Point 5 The telephone allows us to reach out beyond our own lives. Today we can talk to several complete strangers simultaneously ( 同时地) on chat lines (at least my daughter does. I wouldn’t know what to talk about). We can talk across the world. We can even talk to astronauts (if you know any) while they’re space-walking. And, with the phone line hooked up to the computer, we can access(存取) the Internet, the biggest library on Earth.
1.How do you understand ‘Point 1 —The telephone creates the need to communicate,…’？
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A．People don’t communicate without telephone. |
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B．People communicate because of the creating of the telephone. |
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C．People communicate more since telephone has been created. |
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D．People communicate more because of more traffic. |
2.Which of the following best shows people’s attitude towards mobile phones?
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A．Mobile phones help people deal with the emergency. |
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B．Mobile phones bring convenience as well little secret to people. |
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C．Mobile phones are so important and should be encouraged. |
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D．Mobile phones are part of people’s life. |
3.Which points do you think support the idea that phones improve people’s life?
a. Point 1. b. Point2. c. Point3. d. Point 4. e. Point 5.
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A．c, d |
B．a, e |
C．a, c |
D．b, e |
4.It is possible to talk to several complete strangers simultaneously through .
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A．the TV screen |
B．a fax machine |
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C．the phone line hooked up to the computer |
D．a microphone |
5.The best heading for the passage is .
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A．Phone Power |
B．Kinds of Phone |
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C．How to Use Phones |
D．Advantage of Phones |
The idea of “law” exists in every culture. All societies have some kind of law to keep order and to control the interactions of people with those around them. The laws of any culture tell people three things: what they can do (their right), what they must do (their duties), and what they may not do. In addition, there are usually specific types of punishment for those who break the law.
Although all societies have laws, not all have the same idea of justice—which is “right” and “wrong” and how “wrong” should be punished. In most Western cultures, it is thought that punishing criminals will prevent them from committing other crimes. Also, it is hoped that the fear of punishment will act as a deterrent(威慑) that prevents other people from committing similar crimes; in other words, people who are considering a life of crime will decide against it because of fear of punishment. In most non-Western cultures, by contrast, punishment is not seen as a deterrent. Instead, great importance is placed on restoring balance in the situation. A thief, for example, may be ordered to return the things he has stolen instead of, as in Western societies, spending time in prison.
Another difference in the concept of justice lies in various societies’ ideas of what laws are. In the West, people consider “laws” quite different from “customs”. There is also a great contrast between “sins” (breaking religious laws) and “crimes” (breaking laws of the government). In many non-Western cultures, on the other hand, there is little separation of customs, laws, and religious beliefs; in other cultures, these three may be quite separate from one another, but still very much different from those in the West. For these reasons, an action may be considered a crime in one country, but be socially acceptable in others. For instance, although a thief is viewed as a criminal in much of the world, in a small village where there is considerable communal（公共的） living and sharing of objects, the word thief may have little meaning. Someone who has taken something without asking is simply considered an impolite person.
Most countries have two kinds of law: criminal and civil. People who have been accused of acts such as murder or theft are heard in the criminal justice system, while civil justice deals with people who are believed to have violated others’ rights. The use of the civil system reflects the values of the society in which it exists. In the United States where personal, individual justice is considered very important, civil law has become “big business.” There are over 600,000 lawyers in the United States, and many of them keep busy with civil lawsuits; that is, they work for people who want to sue others. If a man falls over a torn rug in a hotel and breaks his arm, for instance, he might decide to sue the hotel owners so that they will pay his medical costs. In a country like Japan, by contrast, there is very little use of the civil justice system. Lawsuits are not very popular in Japan, where social harmony is even more important than individual rights, and where people would rather reach agreement outside court.
1. The main point of paragraph 1 is that____.
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A．all societies, Western or non-Western, have some kind of law to keep order. |
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B．most countries in the world have two kinds of law “criminal and civil ” |
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C．there are usually specific types of punishment for those who break the law. |
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D．the laws of any culture dictate people’s rights, duties and what they are not supposed to do |
2. Which is TRUE in most Western cultures?
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A．Punishment has double functions. |
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B．A thief may be referred to as an impolite person. |
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C．Punishment is not regarded as a deterrent. |
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D．There is lots of communal living and sharing of objects. |
3.Which statement is NOT true according to the article?
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A．In the West, people think laws and customs are rather different. |
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B．In the West, there is little difference between “sins” and “crimes”. |
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C．An action that is considered a crime in one country may be socially acceptable in another. |
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D．There is far less use of the civil justice system in Japan than in the United States. |
4.Which of the following cases are not heard in the criminal justice system?
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A．Robbing a pedestrian. |
B．Kidnapping people for ransom. |
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C．Breaking into a bank. |
D．Failing to pay back the money. |