题目内容

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful(有压力的) conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support — money aid, material resources, and needed services — that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
小题1:Interpersonal relationships are important because they can _______.
A．make people live more easily
B．smooth away daily problems
C．deal with life changes
D．cure types of illnesses
小题2:The researches show that people's physical and mental health _______.
A．lies in the social medical care systems which support them
B．has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
C．depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes
小题3:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions” ?
A．takes place ofB．makes up of
C．lessens the effect ofD．gets rid of
小题4:Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of _______.
A．instrumental supportB．informational support
C．social companionshipD．the strengthening of self-respect
小题5:What is the subject discussed in the text?
A．Interpersonal relationships.B．Kinds of social support.
C．Ways to deal with stress.D．Effects of stressful conditions.

小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:C
小题5:A

现代社会中的人们各方面的压力很大，所以融洽的人际关系显得很重要。它可以缓解部分压力，增加信息，帮助解决一些日常困难。
小题1:主旨题。虽然选项B、C、D的内容在文章中都谈到了，但选项A更全面。另一方面，根据文章第1段的第1句也可推知答案为A。
小题2:判断题。从第 1 段的最后一句话可以做出正确判断。
小题3:。语义猜测题。文章第2段告诉我们人与人之间互相支持和帮助可以从几个方面缓解人的压力。注意文章最后一句中的 reduce 与选项C中的 lessen 大致同义。
小题4:细节题。从文章第 2 段内容，采用排除法，可以得知答案为 C。
小题5:主旨题。通读全文可知答案。
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There is an old proverb, __36__ that the tongue has the power of life and death and __37__ loves it will eat its fruit.
It is true. What we say has the ability to __38__ emotions, and thoughts in others. A kind word helps people, and __39__ words hurt people —— sometimes for a very long time.
Most of the time we __40__ this concept in relation to how we treat others and that is good. __41__ here I want to talk about this concept in relation to ourselves. How does __42__ we say affect us greatly? There is a simple principle here. Only say things that will create in you__43__ emotions, thoughts, feelings, and finally, actions. Let me give you a good __44__. We should not allow the words “I can’t” in our __45__. Why? Because we CAN! The very minimum（最低限度） is “I’ll try”.
Have you ever been about to __46__ the soccer ball towards the goal and said to yourself, “I am going to fail this one?” What happens? You fail it. This actually __47__ to me. So what do I do? I pause for a（n） __48__, reset myself, and tell myself I am going to kick it straight down. What happens? About half the time I kick it straightly, and the other half, I __49__ it. But at the very least I increase my __50__ of performing better. Bad thoughts almost guarantee failure, __51__ good thoughts increase success.
Some of us aren’t even __52__ that we talk negatively to ourselves. Take __53__some time today to think about what you say to yourself. If you find yourself saying negative things, it is a time to change! Find some simple phrases that will help you __54__ the day with more success. Whatever your situation or work is, I am sure there are specific things you can say that will build you up and put you on the road  __55__to success!
36．A．speaking             B．saying                 C．talking                D．telling
37．A．what                   B．who                    C．whoever              D．whatever
38．A．create                 B．build                   C．invent                 D．discover
39．A．kind                   B．happy                 C．active                  D．negative
40．A．think about          B．think over           C．think of               D．think out
41．A．So                      B．And                    C．But                     D．Or
42．A．that                    B．what                   C．which                 D．where
43．A．positive               B．negative              C．excellent             D．wonderful
44．A．case                    B．example              C．situation              D．condition
45．A．thoughts              B．ideas                   C．minds                 D．feelings
46．A．play                    B．beat                    C．hit                      D．kick
47．A．happens              B．occurs                 C．strikes                 D．turns
48．A．hour                   B．minute                C．day                     D．month
49．A．fail                     B．try                      C．manage               D．win
50．A．opinions              B．changes               C．chances               D．practices
51．A．as                       B．while                  C．because               D．but
52．A．aware                 B．sure                    C．certain                D．clear
53．A．sometime            B．sometimes           C．some times          D．some time
54．A．get on                 B．get through          C．get off                D．get back
55．A．on                      B．above                  C．to                       D．in
Though “nanometer” is now a fashionable term all over the world,few people know exactly what it is.It has become a new favorite of manufacturers and sellers in recent years.Many “high-tech” products bearing the name “nano” have entered the market,bringing more mysterious feeling to surprised consumers.
Nanometer is a very small length unit of measure,and is very small.One millimeter is 1000 micrometers,and one micrometer is 1000 nanometers.That is,one nanometer is one billionth of a meter.Nano materials are solid materials composed of particles or crystallites of less than 100 nanometer in size.Then,is a cup made of nano material really any different from an ordinary cup in function as far as how it works?
Are nano cups really so wonderful?A reporter went to the Institute of Nanomedicine,which is the first such institute of such a sort in the world and the only one in China,specializing in researching the investigation  of the application of nano technology into medicine.
Ji(director Institute of Nanomedicine):
A water molecule is composed of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.It can be alterchanged only by special manipulation of the atoms.The material constituting the cup can have a nanometer particles size of the nano level.But it cannot change the chemical and physical properties of the water contained in it.The water in the cup is still water.When people drink it,it will produce no special effect on human body.
Prof.Ji told the reporter,so far,the investigation of nano materials is still confined in the laboratory.No commercial micro products can be produced yet.With the present level of science and technology,the time of everyday goods age of daily use articles made of nanometer materials is still years away.
The commodities labeled with nano marks in the market now are only traditional products coated with a thin layer of nanometer material,which makes them more abrasion resistant,much easier to be cleaned,or oil repelling or moth proof.
Prof.Ji explained that nano cup is a real cup.It can also be included in the list of nano products in a certain sense.But the nano cup has not changed its property and function as a cup.It is not a magical medicine for curing and health care.
小题1:Which of the following shows the right relationship?
A．nanometer<millimeter<micrometer<meter
B．nanometer<micrometer<millimeter<meter
C．micrometer<millimeter<nanometer<meter
D．millimeter<micrometer<nanometer<meter
小题2:The underlined part in the last second paragraph but one is about_________.
A．the strong points of nano cupsB．the shortcomings of nano cups
C．the uses of nano cupsD．the wonders of nano cups
小题3:Which of the following does not show that nano cups are different from ordinary cups?
A．Nano cups can’t make people healthier.
B．Nano cups are made of a different material.
C．Nano cups are much easier to be cleaned.
D．Nano cups are hard to produce.
小题4:According to the text,nano cups in the market are_________.
A．only traditional products
B．ordinary cups covered with a little nanometer material on the surface
C．cups made of a nano material
D．cups made of a mixed material
You’re sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠). Suddenly, you’re yawning with him, though you’re not tired.
This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly with out words.
Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critechley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how we’re feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with states of internal(内部的) responses,” he explained. “ There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expression. When we’re in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there’s the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.
Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronies and when we like the other person, we ever copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you’re sitting— it’s pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it’s our way of telling each other that we’re partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions.”
So, what lessons can we learn from this? “ Spend time with happy people— otherwise your health could suffer,” said Critchley.” When we’re sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we’re happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”
小题1: According to Hugo Critchley, ________.
A．emotions are as visible as facial expressions
B．we yawn more frequently when we have a cold
C．emotions are connected with states of internal responses
D．the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions.
小题2:The underlined word “synchronies” in Paragraph 4 means “_____”.
A．move slowlyB．change rapidlyC．relax temporarilyD．respond accordingly
小题3:From the passage we can learn ________.
A．sadness is as contagious as happiness
B．anger is less contagious than friendliness
C．surprise is more contagious than smile
D．surprise is the most contagious among emotions
小题4:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans.
B．Children like copying the actions of the fellow humans.
C．Scientists are still confused about contagious yawning
D．People tend to communicate more with body language.
Among various programmes, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style(风格). But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “rubbish talk”. The contents on his show are as surprising as can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show titles of love, sex, cheating, and hate, to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people’s lives.
Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top. But Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show is mainly about the improvement of society and different quality(质量) of life. Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.
Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word”. He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.
Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show’s main viewers are middleclass Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and ability to deal with life’s tough problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society. These are 18-to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life include love, relationship, sex, money and drug. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show’s exploitation.
小题1: Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are ____.
A．more interestingB．unusually popularC．more detailedD．more formal
小题2:Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear unpleasant, people who watch the shows____.
A．remain interested in themB．are ready to face up to them
C．remain cold to themD．are willing to get away from them
小题3:Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?
A．A new type of robot.B．Nation hatred.
C．Family income planning.D．Street accident.
小题4:We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_____.
A．have become the only ones of its kind
B．exploit the weaknesses in human nature
C．appear at different times of the day
D．attract different people
Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask a boy (girl) for a date？
Many people are afraid to assert themselves (insist upon their own rights). Dr Robert Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it’s because their self-esteem(自尊) is low. “Our whole set-up makes people doubt themselves,” says Alberti. “There’s always a 'superior' around — a parent, a teacher, a boss — who 'knows better’”.
But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people to assert themselves. They offer “assertiveness training” courses (AT). In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive(敢闯, 闯劲儿) without hurting other people.
In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger motive—the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.
小题1:In the passage, the writer talks about the problem that _______.
A．some people are too easy-going
B．some people are too timid
C．there are too many superiors around us
D．some people dare not stick up for their own rights
小题2:The effect of our set-up on people is often to _______.
A．make them distrust their own judgment
B．make things more favorable for them
C．keep them from speaking out as much as their superiors do
D．help them to learn to speak up for their rights
小题3:One thing AT doesn’t do is to _______.
A．use the need of people to share
B．show people they have the right to be themselves
C．help people to be aggressive at anytime even when others suffer
D．help people overcome fear
Telecommuting(远程办公) will have major effects on the worlds of work and family life. However, its biggest effect will be in the area of individual freedom, responsibility and time management.
Work and workplaces will change greatly. Offices may become smaller, as fewer desks are needed. There will be greater need for high-speed Internet connections to link the office and the home, and even homes to other homes, as other employees also begin working at home. Hours spent in traffic jams, and fights for parking should diminish, as workers travel less.
Family life will also change. Both husbands and wives will be able to arrange their work around family commitments such as taking children to school, cooking, spare time activities, and so on. However, households(家人) will also have to set aside areas for work-particularly if more than one person is telecommuting.
However, although the ideas of more time at home and less time traveling are attractive, there are some drawbacks to telecommuting. People may feel that they cannot escape from work, work longer hours, or become less social. The quality of work may suffer because of fewer face-to-face interactions with other employees, and there may be delays if other workers are not immediately available. Telecommuters may also feel isolated. A major change will be in the way people think about work as a place or an institution. Instead, they will focus on the task or the product. Workers may feel less loyal to a company.
In conclusion, the effects are difficult to predict because they depend on the extent to which telecommuting becomes popular. At the same time, however, telecommuting could be the start of a major societal shift, possibly as big as the Industrial Revolution which created our present ideas of work.
64. This passage was mainly written to tell us _____.
A. about the advantages of telecommuting               
B. how telecommuting will change the world
C. that telecommuting will affect family life            D. how to telecommute in the future
65. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The disadvantages of telecommuting.                  B. Setting aside areas for work.
C. The future of telecommuting.                             D. The employees’ focus on work.
66. With telecommuting in the future, which of the following will be reduced?
A. Working hours and family time.                         B. Face-to-face communication.
C. Spare time and individual freedom.                            D. Spending time with friends.
67. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Telecommuting will change the world completely.
B. There will be no traffic jams because of telecommuting.
C. Work efficiency will increase through telecommuting.
D. Telecommuting workers will likely change their jobs.
After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced   36  for a few days, I was    37  to wait tables on my own. All went    38  
Tant first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily    39   the tables not for from the kitchen.   40 　 .I stll felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays (托盘).
Before I knew it ,the    41   was when I saw the tray stand near the tables; it looked different from the one I was   44   on. It had nice handles, which made it    45   to move around. I was pleased with every thing and began to    46   I was a natural at this job.
Then, an old man came to me and said,“Excuse me, dear, my wife and I loved  47  you work. t seems your tray stand has been very   48   to you, but we are getting ready to  49   now ,and my wife needs her   50  back.”
At first his    51   did not get across.“What was he talking about!”Then, I got it. I had set my trays on his wife’s　orthopedic walker (助步器). I stood frozen as ice ,but my face was   52  
.I wanted to get into a hole and   53  .
Since then, I have learned from many mistakes such as the one I just    54   I have learned to be more    55   and not to be too sure of myself.
小题1:
A．managerB．assistantC．cookD．waitress
小题2:
A．promisedB．invitedC．allowedD．advised
小题3:
A．wellB．quicklyC．safelyD．wrong
小题4:  
A．leftB．givenC．broughtD．shown
小题5:  
A．ThereforeB．HoweverC．OtherwiseD．Finally
小题6:
A．kitchenB．streetC．resaturantD．table
小题7:
A．mindingB．changingC．takingD．saving
小题8:
A．angryB．calmC．sadD．happy
小题9:
A．fixedB．trainedC．loadedD．waited
小题10:
A．slowerB．lighterC．regretD．pretend
小题11:
A．believeB．makingC．watchingD．having
小题12:letting           B.making            C.watching      D.interesting
小题13:
A．usefulB．familiarC．unusualD．interesting
小题14:
A．restB．orderC．eatD．leave
小题15:
A．bagB．walkerC．trayD．coat
小题16:
A．ideaB．praiseC．messageD．need
小题17:
A．coldB．full of joyC．paleD．on fire
小题18:
A．lieB．hideC．defendD．stay
小题19:
A．repeatedB．discoveredC．corrected D．described
小题20:
A．carefulB．patientC．honestD．practical
Climate change could affect food supplies, water resources, human health and homes.
If greenhouse gas emissions keep increasing at the current rate, global temperature is expected to rise between 2°C and 6°C by 2100. This doesn’t sound much, but a 5°C change is the difference between the current warm period and an ice age. 
Global warming leads to other changes in the climate: melting ice, more evaporation(蒸发), changes in geographical patterns of rainfall, heavier downpours separated by longer dry spells, more frequent heat waves, more intense hurricanes, and sea level rise. 
These changes could affect crop growth as drought, increased evaporation and shrinking glaciers（冰川）disrupt water supply. Some crops could suffer heat stress. While there may be benefits in some regions, overall climate change is likely to have a negative impact on global food supplies. The impacts of climate change on agriculture will vary widely around the world. A global temperature rise of 1–2 °C is expected to increase food production in some regions, particularly mid-latitude areas. But in tropical regions even a small amount of warming could reduce crop yields. A temperature rise of 3 °C or more could threaten global food resources, as all regions are likely to experience negative impacts overall.
Freshwater resources could also diminish, especially in tropical regions, as rain patterns change and evaporation speeds up. Some communities could lose essential melt water as glaciers disappear, while more intense rainfall and hurricanes could cause more flooding, leading to water pollution and bacterial diseases such as cholera（霍乱）becoming more widespread. 
Climate change could lead to a variety of health impacts – both positive and negative. On the negative side, scientists anticipate more cases of malnutrition, heatstroke and waterborne diseases such as cholera. Although some populations will benefit from a reduced risk of cold-related illnesses such as hypothermia, overall a warming world is likely to have negative effects on human health.
Scientists also expect damage to homes and buildings from more intense hurricanes, heavier rainfall and rising sea levels. Climate change is likely to affect infrastructure by increasing the risk of both coastal and inland flooding around the world, owing to a combination of heavier rainfall, rising sea levels and increased storm damage. Homes and buildings could also be affected by the thawing of frozen ground and greater risk of forest fires.
The consequences of climate change will have an impact on people around the world.
小题1:With global temperature increased by 1–2 °C, _______.
A．crops yields could be increased in tropical regions
B．food production could rise throughout the world
C．chances are that food resources would be threatened overall
D．mid-latitude areas are likely to experience positive impacts
小题2:The underlined word “hypothermia” in Paragraph 6 possibly means a serious medical condition caused by_______.
A．lower temperature than normal
B．higher temperature than normal
C．more cases of malnutrition
D．cases of waterborne diseases
小题3:According to the passage, climate change has both positive and negative effects on ______.
A．food supplies and buildings
B．freshwater resources and homes
C．human health and food supplies
D．human health and homes
小题4:The passage is mainly meant to tell us _______.
A．how global warming leads to changes in the climate
B．how climate change affects people worldwide
C．why climate change affects our crop growth
D．why climate change contributes to all bad results

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