What does it mean to day that we live in world of persuasion? It means that we live among

competing interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam take priority(优先)over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic interest may have other choices.

  In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view. When we persuade, we want to influence what others believe and how they behave. We may not always prevail(占优势)--other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.

Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome approach to their lives or as a control. In contrast, we believe that persuasion is inevitable--to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be moral or immoral, selfless or selfish, inspiring or discouraging. Persuaders may enlighten our minds or make us hurt. Moral persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, an essential part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.

  Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is a need to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the basic principle of the American political system.

60.What’s the author’s attitude towards persuasion?

       A.Critical.    B.Uninterested.    C.Supportive.      D.Neutral.

61.The passage states that some people are against persuasion because they think it is       .

       A.an unwelcome influence  B.difficult to do well

       C.not trustworthy at all       D.never successful

62.We can conclude from the passage that persuasion means         .

       A.getting people to act according to your will

       B.exercising power over other people

       C.making use of your past wise experience

       D.getting other people to consider your reasonable points of view.

63.According to the passage, we can infer that            .

      A.we can learn how to persuade in school

       B.only society can benefit from persuasion

       C.persuasion plays an important role in America

       D.persuas

ion is considered to be an inborn ability

“Everybody loves a bargain.” One person’s useless, ugly, or broken object can be another person’s bargain. That is why so many Americans do not throw things away. They put them outside their houses. They put on a “For Sale” sign. And, as simple as that, they have a yard sale.        
The sellers put a paid announcement(付费通告)in a local newspaper. It tells when and where the yard sale will take place. These sales are very popular during weekends in spring, summer, and autumn. Early in the morning, all the things to be sold are carried out of the house. Then they sit all day in the sunlight---like tired guests at a party---waiting for someone to take them home.
Just about anything can be sold at a yard sale. Sometimes, there are more clothes than anything else. Cooking equipment is also popular. So are old toys, tools, books, tables and chairs. Then there are objects called “white elephants”. A white elephant is something you think is extremely ugly or useless. It may be an electric light shaped like a fish. You feel a sharp pain whenever you look at it. To someone else, however, it might be a thing of beauty and joy.
Some people go to yard sales to find a special thing that they collect. It may be old toy trains, for example, or painting of dogs. Experts say more Americans are collecting old things now than ever before. Most people who go to yard sales, however, are not looking for anything special. They might buy an object simply because it costs so little. They enjoy negotiating(谈判) over prices, even if they really do not need the object. Later, they may hold their own yard to sell all the things they have bought.
【小题1】What kind of things will go to a yard sale?

A.Cheap and ugly things.B.Things people no longer use.
C.Things out of season.D.Things of great value.
【小题2】A white elephant refers to _________.
A.something that can cause a feeling of pain
B.something disliked by the owners while appreciated by others
C.something sold at the lowest prices
D.a toy shaped like a fish
【小题3】 Most people go to yard sales to________.
A.find valuable paintingsB.look for something special
C.find a bargainD.kill their time
【小题4】 Which of the following is NOT true about a yard sale?
A.It may not be held when the weather is very cold.
B.It can last for a whole day.
C.It is usually held with a party.
D.It is held outdoors.
【小题5】We can infer from the last paragraph that__________.
A.people may find something of great value on a yard sale
B.yard sales only attract those who have a low income
C.things on a yard sale can cost people a lot
D.most people don’t want to go to yard sales.

Questions:
A. Do you think people should be decisive in the wild?
B. How to make hunting tools?
C. Do you think people should send an SOS while they are in danger?
D. How to make a fire in the wild?
E. How to set a trap to hunt animals?
F. How to build a shelter in the wild?
【小题1】______
Answer: If you are in a desert environment, try to build an underground shade shelter to avoid prolonged sun exposure, obviously only for hot climates. So you can be more comfortable in cooler temperatures to avoid sweating. If your environment is damp, use branches laid and criss-crossed on top of one another to create a solid and dry foundation for an open bed pad. Raise the foundation above ground level as much as possible.
【小题2】______
Answer: Yes, I think so. For example, if you think the best survival course of action is to look for help and civilization, don’t wait 4 or 5 days before you come to this conclusion. Take action on the 1st or 2nd day if possible while you still have strength and endurance working for you.
【小题3】______
Answer: Use dry wood and sticks to start your fire. Fire is started by using three kinds of wood: tinder, kindling, and fuel. Tinder is any kind of flammable wood shavings, usually light and wispy. You can take two pieces of dry wood, sharpen one of them and use it to drill into the other piece. Place any highly flammable objects you can find next to the drill bit. The moment the flammable object catches a spark, use a rock to swiftly tip the object onto a nest of leaves and little branches.
【小题4】______
Answer: Get an ordinary block of wood and hit it with a rock repeatedly until the wood sharpens. In this case, use the rock as your sharpener. You could also take a rock and break off some of the edges and then use another rock and some water like a wet stone and sharpen. In an ideal situation, obsidian stone would be used for its infamous sharpness.
【小题5】______
Answer: Use two more sticks to hold up a “teepee”, similar to your shelter. Place an item of your choice you think an animal will come after, if you’re lucky, the animal will be trapped. Dig a hole in the ground about 2m-3m deep and 1m-2m across. Take two thin branches and place them criss-crossed across the hole. Cover it with leaves and put something the animals like to eat. You can also put a few wooden spikes sharpened by your knife at the bottom. Don’t forget to build a ladder or you might not be able to climb out of the hole.

Art is everywhere in our lives.Every man?made object is linked with art—a housea motor cara bridgea chaira teapotor a piece of cloth.Throughout historyhumans have made articles for a wide variety of purposesgenerally for everyday practical requirements.The style of practical objects reflects the outlook and the spirit of the times in which they are made and in consequence style is constantly changing.

It seems that humans possess a natural urge to improve constructed objects with decorationsometimes for beautificationsometimes for religious reasonssometimes to show off their wealth and powerand sometimes to tell a story.Decoration is not art in itself.Unnecessary decoration can ruin the form and perhaps the function of an objectbut when decoration is used with careit can beautifyproduce varietyand add interest.

The first essential(要点) in every creation is that it should properly fulfil its purposefor instancea teapot should pour perfectlyan easy chair should provide comfortable relaxationa block of flats should be a pleasant place in which to liveand a factory or commercial building should be a suitable building in which to work.

The second essential is that an object should please the eye with its formlineproportion(比例)colour and texture(质地)and it should be capable of inspiring the emotions.For examplecontemporary furniture designers must think of formfunction and structureand have taken their lead from the outstanding Scandinavian designs of DenmarkFinland and Swedenwhose preference was for simple functional furniture to suit the architectural environment of the day.Heavy furniture is no longer desirableand by contrastmodern furniture is often characterised by its good proportionpleasing linessimple fittings and attractive structures.

Motor vehicles are a perfect example of how design has changed to suit function.Early car design was greatly influenced by the horse?drawn carriagebut today we find functional design satisfying every requirement of practical use and good appearance.Designs in the 1980s and 1990s included streamlining(流线型) to reduce wind resistance in fast?moving vehiclesandat the same timesatisfy an important art principle—rhythm.But the cars of todayoften half size of their predecessors(前身)have taken the concept of industrial design way beyond simple strengthcomfort and beauty.They now include safety and ecological characteristicsreflecting the need to be environmentally friendly throughfor examplereduced fuel consumptionwhile at the same time satisfying the need to be stylishand appealing to the eye.For many peoplethe 21st?century car represents the greatest work of art.

1.What point does the writer make about decorating objects?

AIt is something people have always done.

BIt can show the object has a range of functions.

CIt always improves the appearance of an object.

DIt is usually done to make the object more noticeable.

2.The underlined word “fulfil” in Paragraph 3 means “________”

Akeep? Bfind

Cchange? Drealize

3.What is the best title for the text?

AForm Follows Function

BLife Is ArtArt Is Life

CArt in Everyday Life

DThe Best Work of Art

 

 

 

第II卷 (非选择题, 共35分)

注意事项:

1.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在签题卡上.

2.本卷共6小题,共35分.

第三部分:写作

第一节:阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.

Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.

A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word—learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).

In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.

In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.

The correct object was chosen in seven out of 10 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination (排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.

   Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品种) known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.

   It’s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't talk back. Still, it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!

56. What’s the best title of the passage? (No more than 15 words)

___________________________________________________________________

57. The underlined words “a border collie” in Paragraph 2 refer to _______________.

(No more than 10 words)

__________________________________________________________________

58. Why does Rico seem smarter than the average dog? (No more than 15 words)

__________________________________________________________________

59. What does the writer advise us to do by saying “it wouldn't hurt to sweet--talk...”? (No more than 10 words)

__________________________________________________________________

60. Would you like to keep a dog as a pet?Why?

__________________________________________________________________

 

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