It was a bright Saturday morning in the late fall. I had stopped at a café to enjoy a cup of coffee and 1 the morning newspaper. Suddenly, I 2 a hand on the back of my jacket and heard someone say, � 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

III. 阅读 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节：阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (="drink)" containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw material for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound end up buried in landfills(垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.
Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence post, paint brushes, etc.
As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard unti1 somebody figures out how to give it a second life — and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life va1ue.Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.
Shrinking landfill space and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and reduces the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.
1. What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?
A. A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.
B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.
C. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.
D. Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.
2. The returned plastic bottles in New York used to        .
A. be turned into raw rnateria1s
B. be separated from other rubbish
C. have a second-life value
D. end up somewhere underground
3. The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is         .
A. how to reduce their recycling costs
B. to sell them at a profitable price
C. how to turn them into useful things
D. to lower the prices for used materials
4. Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because         .
A. recycling causes litt1e pollution
B. other methods are more expensive
C. recycling has great appeal for the jobless
D. local governments find it easy to manage
5. It can be concluded from the passage that          .
A.    recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally
B. local governments in the U. S. can expect big profits from recycling
C. rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials
D. landfills will sti1l be widely used for waste disposal

Ⅲ. 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节　阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Although April did not bring us the rains we all hoped for, and although the Central Valley doesn’t generally experience the sound and lightning that can go with those rains, it’s still important for parents to be able to answer the youthful questions about thunder and lightning.
The reason these two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to explain to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves. For example, do you know that the lightning we see flashing down to the earth from a cloud is actually flashing up to a cloud from the earth? Our eyes trick us into thinking we see a downward motion when it’s actually the other way round. But then, if we believed only what we think and we see, we’d still insist that the sun rises in the morning and sets at night.
Most lightning flashes take place inside a cloud, and only a relative few can be seen jumping between two clouds or between earth and a cloud. But, with about 2,000 thunderstorms taking place above the earth every minute of the day and night, there’s enough activity to produce about 100 lightning strikes on earth every second.
Parents can use thunder and lightning to help their children learn more about the world around them. When children understand that the light of lightning flashing reaches their eyes almost at the same moment, but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile, they can begin to time the interval(间隔) between the flash and the crash to learn how close they are to the actual spark(闪光).
1. According to the author, in the area of the Central Valley, ___________.
A. rains usually come without thunder and lightning
B. it is usually dry in April
C. children pay no attention to the two natural wonders
D. parents are not interested in thunder and lightning
2. We believe that lightning is a downward motion because ___________.
A. we were taught so by our parents from our childhood
B. we are taken in by our sense of vision
C. it is a common natural sight
D. it is a truth proved by science
3. What is TRUE about lightning according to the passage?
A. Only a small number of lightning flashes occur on earth.
B. Lightning travels 5 times faster than thunder.
C. Lightning flashes usually jump from one cloud to another.
D. There are far more lightning strikes occurring on earth than we can imagine.
4. The underlined word “activity” is most closely related to the word(s)___________.
A. “cloud” B. “lightning strikes”
C. “lightning flashes” D. “thunderstorms”
5. It can be concluded from the passage that____________.
A. we should not believe what we see or hear
B. things moving downward are more noticeable
C. people often have wrong ideas about ordinary phenomena (现象)
D. adults are not as good as children in observing certain natural phenomena

The fighting against youth smoking since I took office I’ve done everything in my power to protect our children from harm. We’ve worked to make their streets and their schools safer, and to give them something positive to do after school before their parents get home. We’ve worked to teach our children that drugs are dangerous, illegal and wrong.
Today, I want to talk to you about the historic opportunity we now have to protect our nation’s children form an even more deadly threat: smoking. Smoking kills more people every day than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, murders, suicides, drugs and fires combined. Nearly 90 percent of those smokers lit their first cigarette before they turned 18. Consider this: 3,000 children start to smoke every day illegally, and 1,000 of them will die sooner because of it. This is a national tragedy（悲剧）that every American should be honor-bound to help prevent. For more than five years we’ve worked to stop our children from smoking before they start, launching（发动）a nationwide campaign（运动）to educate them about the dangers of smoking, to reduce their access to tobacco products, and to severely restrict（限制）tobacco companies from advertising to young people. If we do these, we’ll cut teen smoking by almost half over the next five years. That means if we act now, we have it in our power to stop 3 million children from smoking and to save a million lives as a result.
小题1:What has the author done in his power?

A．To look after our children.

B．To clean the street

C．To clean our children

D．To protect our children from harm.

小题2:Compared with other disasters, what kills more people every day?

A．Smoking	B．Car accidents
C．Drugs	D．Murders

小题3:How many children start to smoke every day illegally?

小题4:For more than five years what have they done to stop their children from smoking?

A．To educate them about the dangers of smoking

B．To reduce their access to tobacco products

C．To restrict tobacco companies from advertising to young people

D．All of the above

小题5:How many children will be stopped from smoking if we act now?

When we think about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, a top great delight.
For a child, happiness has a magic quality. I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play. Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at tops of pleasure is easily seen，such as winning a race or getting a new bike.
For teenagers, or people under 20 the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity. I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. I also recall the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a very handsome young man.
In adulthood the things that bring great joy—birth , love , marriage—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. Love may not last; loved ones die. For adults, happiness is complex.
My dictionary explains “happy” as “lucky” or “ fortunate”, but I think a better explanation of happiness is “ the ability to enjoy something”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy for us not to notice the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to love where we please, and even good health. Nowadays, with so many choices and much pleasure, we have turned happiness into one more thing we have. We think we own the right to have it, which makes us extremely unhappy. So we try hard to get it and consider it to be the same as wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.
While happiness may be more complex for us, the answer is the same as ever. Happiness isn’t about what happens to us. It’s the ability to find a positive for every negative, and view a difficulty as a challenge. Don’t be sad for what we don’t have, but enjoy what we do possess.
60. According to the passage, happiness lies in the ability to_______.
A. think of something extraordinary   B. experience delight at an old age
C. feel the magic quality of pleasure   D. enjoy what one has at the moment
61. In paragraph 3, a teenager looks at happiness mainly in terms of_____.
A. material gains                  B. social honor
C. spiritual satisfaction            D. academic achievement
62. The author implies that when one dreams wealth and finally gets it he____.
A. can realize what happiness is
B. may not end up with happiness
C. may consider it extreme happiness
D. should not feel content with himself
63. The passage aims to tell_______.
A. the great importance of happiness B. the real meaning of happiness
C. the constant dream of happiness    D. the changing concept of happiness

During my first stay in the south of France, I rode my bike down a quiet road. Round a corner, I passed by a little old house. In its yard, there was a ruddy (气色好的) -faced woman. I waved at her as I went by, and she must have thought I was some silly tourist, because she didn’t wave back.
The same thing happened the second day. But on the third day, the old woman returned a tentative（试探性的）wave, and by the fourth day, she nearly got out of her chair as I called out.
“Good morning, Madam!” It became a small ritual (程序) between us. Once she even brought her husband out with her, and they both waved to me.
On my last day, my last ride, I cycled down to the little house but the lady wasn’t there. Back at my house, I told Roger, the gardener, of my missed connection.
“The old lady has a bad leg,” Roger said, “so she has gone to the hospital for surgery.”
“Who is she?” I asked.
Roger started to explain: the quiet road used to be a railway. The old lady’ husband was once the stationmaster, and their house was the stationmaster’s house. Several times a day, whenever a train passed, the couple would see the passengers waving excitedly, especially the children for them. However, the station was moved away. Everything is gone except for this couple.
It seems that my bicycle was a reminder of the past to her. As Roger said, “ She has missed the trains and the waves. You brought them back to her.”
By reaching out, in a way that cost me nothing, I gave more than I realized.
63Which of the following is TRUE?
A. She was a ruddy-faced woman so she was healthy.
B. Her husband also had leg disease but he didn’t tell others.
C. She and her husband didn’t like to live in the station.
D. Though she was a ruddy-faced woman, something was wrong with her leg.
64Why did the old woman bring her husband out and waved to me?
A. They wanted to go to the hospital.
B. They wanted to experience what they used to do.
C. They wanted to ask me for dinner.
D. They wanted to go to the city by train.
65. What can we infer from the sentence “However, the station was moved away. Everything is gone except for this couple”?
A. They enjoyed living where they had lived.
B. They had no house to live in.
C. They had no children to live with.
D. They were living nearest the hospital.
66. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. An old couple and I                 B. Bicycle and railway
C. Train and passengers                D. Wave and love

We could all see the Murray Uiver slowly moving back, but now all the water was gone . I couldn’t believe that the Murray had dried up, not one drop of water left.
One morning I went down to the river to try and catch some fish when I saw my boat high and dry (搁浅) on the bank . I rushed down the river and saw all mud—no water . The fish were just lying there, dying . I looked up to see if my friend was there . There was the nest but no eagle（鹰）. I called out to her with my special whistle which I made out of steel.
Suddenly a big shadow came over to me and the eagle landed in her nest and gave her young the food she was out getting while I whistled. But then I suddenly noticed she was getting thinner and had a bit of sheep’s wool in the side of her talon（利爪）. It was deadly quiet by the river bank , except for some sound from my dog. And also I couldn’t see one native animal or bird.
When I walked inside the kitchen. Mum and Dad had sad looks on their faces. “It’s time for us to move ,Son, because the river can no longer provide for（养活）us,” said Dad . I ran out of the kitchen door with tears in my eyes , and down to the river bank, to my favorite spot. I said goodbye to my eagle , crying.
When it was time to go , I saw my eagle fly up into the air with her chicks in her talons , going away to try and find another home ,just like us.
59. The passage is mainly about
A. the author’s travel away from his hometown
B. the author’s feeling about being away from his friend
C. the author’s idea about being away from home
D. the author’s plan to leave for a new place
60. The underlined word “chicks” in the last paragraph refers to “     ”
A. the eagle’s children                B. the eagle’s food
C. the eagle’s nest beside the river       D. the dog
61. According to the passage ,the eagle looked thinner most probably because
A. the eagle had to feed its children     B. the eagle was seriously sick
C. the eagle lost many of his friends     D. there was not enough food for her
62. According to the passage , it can be inferred that       .
A. the eagle lived on the ground beside the author’s house
B. it was winter when the writer went away
C. the writer’s parents didn’t like to leave , either
D. some native animals and birds still lived in the place

C
You may have heard the term "the American Dream". In 1848, James W. Marshall found gold in California and people began having golden dreams. That 19th century "American Dream" motivated (激发起) the Gold Rush and gave California its nickname of the "Golden State".
The American Dream drove not only 1800s gold-rush prospectors but also waves of immigrants throughout that century and the next. People from Europe, and a large number of Chinese, arrived in the US in the 19th century hoping that in America they would find gold in the streets. But most, instead, worked as railroad labourers. They created the oldest Chinatown, in San Francisco, and gave the city a Chinese name "the old gold hill".
In the 20th century, some critics said that it was no longer possible to become prosperous through determination and hard work. Unfair education for students from poor families and racial discrimination almost made the American Dream a nightmare.
Then, in the 1990s, California saw a new wave of dreamers in Silicon Valley. People poured their energy into the Internet. This new chapter of the American Dream attracted many business people and young talents from China and India to form start-ups and seek fortunes in America.
Better pay, a nice house, and a rising standard of living will always be attractive. However, the new American Dream is no longer just about money. It encourages Americans to consume wisely to protect the environment, improve the quality of life, and promote social justice.
The Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, has become the model of the new American Dream. After years of hard work, he grew from a poor young man from Austria into a movie superstar and then governor. Many people hope his story can save the American Dream and give California a brighter future.
1. It can be inferred that _____.
A. America’s golden dream could never be realized
B. America’s golden dream had bought great fortunes to Chinese immigrants
C. each period of time has its own taste of the American dream
D. determination and hard work are the best way to realize the American dream
2. Why did most of the early immigrants work as railroad laborers?
A. Because they could earn more money as railroad laborers.
B. Because they had to make a living by working as railroad laborers.
C. Because they thought railroad was the first step to find gold.
D. Because railroad laborers were greatly honored at that time.
3. The underlined sentence “his story can save the American Dream” (in the last paragraph) indicates that _____.
A. the dream of seeking fortunate in America is easy to realize
B. most of the immigrants to America don’t reach their previous goal
C. the success of Arnold Schwarzenegger is among the common examples of the immigrants
D. the immigrants have made great contributions to California
4. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Wave of Immigrants to America B. Make Fortunes Abroad
C. Hard Work Leads to Success D. Changes of America’s Golden Dream

The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.
A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.
1. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to____________
A. taxpayers B. pressing calls
C. college graduates D. government resources
2. The author thinks that with full government funding____________
A. teachers are less satisfied
B. students are more demanding
C. students will become more competent
D. teachers will spend less time on teaching
3. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to ____________
A. argue against free university education
B. call on them to finance students' studies
C. encourage graduates to go into business
D. show their contribution to higher education

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