题目内容

Dear Johnston,
Your request for eighty dollars, I do not think it best to satisfy now. At the various times when I have helped you a little, you have said to me, “We can get along very well again,” but in a very short time I find you in the same difficulty again. Now this can only happen by some fault in your behavior. What that fault is, I think I know. You are not lazy, and still you are an idler(游手好闲). I doubt whether since I saw you, you have done a good whole day’s work, in any other day. You do not very much dislike to work, and still you do not work much, merely because it does not seem to you that you could get much for it.
This habit of uselessly wasting time is the whole difficulty; it is vastly important to you, and still more so to your children, that you should break this habit. It is more important to them, because they have longer to live, and can keep out of an idle habit before they are in it, easier than they can get out after they are in.
You are now in need of some ready money; and what I suggest is, that you shall go to work hard, for somebody who will give you money for it.
Let father and your boys take charge of your things at home-prepare for a crop, and make the crop, and you go to work for the best money wages, or to pay back any debt you owe. And to secure you a fair reward for your labor, I now promise you that for every dollar you will, between this and the first of May, get for your own labor, I will then give you one other dollar. By this, if you hire yourself at ten dollars a month, from me you will get ten more, making twenty dollars a month for your work.
Now if you will do this, you will soon be out of debt, and what is better, you will have a habit that will keep you from getting in debt again. But if I should now clear you out, next year you will be just as deep in as ever. You say you would almost give your place in Heaven for $ 70 or $80. Then you value your place in Heaven cheaply, for I am sure you can with the offer I make you get the seventy or eighty dollars for four or five months’ work. You say if I furnish you the money you will deed(抵押) me the land, and if you don’t pay the money back, you will deliver possession-Nonsense! If you can’t now live with the land, how will you then live without it? You have always been kind to me, and I do not now mean to be unkind to you. On the contrary, if you will but follow my advice, you will find it worth more than eight time eighty dollars to you.
Affectionately
Your brother
A. Lincoln

  1. 1.

    Abraham Lincoln wrote the letter to Johnston mainly to ________.

    1. A.
      show his concern for him
    2. B.
      recommend him to save money
    3. C.
      decline his request and motivate him
    4. D.
      introduce him a new job
  2. 2.

    What’s the problem with Johnston, according to Lincoln?

    1. A.
      He was very lazy.
    2. B.
      He wasted time a lot.
    3. C.
      He couldn’t get much from work.
    4. D.
      He disliked working.
  3. 3.

    In the letter Lincoln suggested that Johnston should ________.

    1. A.
      keep himself from getting into trouble
    2. B.
      go to work hard for somebody
    3. C.
      manage well the things at home
    4. D.
      keep the children out of the idle habit
  4. 4.

    If Johnston got one dollar for his work, Lincoln promised to _________.

    1. A.
      reward him with labor
    2. B.
      pay off his debt
    3. C.
      hire him at 10 dollars a month
    4. D.
      give him another dollar
  5. 5.

    In order to get 80 dollars from Lincoln, Johnston promised to ________.

    1. A.
      take away his place in Heaven
    2. B.
      deed Lincoln the land
    3. C.
      live without the land
    4. D.
      do good work every day
CBDDB
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Tom sat under a tree chatting with his friends and _____ his teacher, stood up in no time.


  1. A.
    seeing
  2. B.
    seen
  3. C.
    saw
  4. D.
    to see

A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms, though my teacher stressed the importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.
One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be astonished. Gently shaking his head and shrugging his shoulders, he said, “You don’t say!” “You don’t say!” I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this is not a proper topic. “Well, I’d better change the topic.” So I said to him, “Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall? By the way, have you ever been there?” “Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it. It was wonderful.” He was deep in thought when I began to talk like a tourist guide. “The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it”. Soon I was interrupted again by his words：“You don’t say!” I couldn’t help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it?” “Well, I didn’t request you to do so,” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn’t you say ‘you don’t say’?” Hearing this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to explain, “‘You don’t say’ actually means ‘really?’ It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you don’t pay attention to English idioms.” Only then did I know I had made a fool of myself. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions.
Always remember: what the English teachers say is always right to us students.

  1. 1.

    A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms because _______.

    1. A.
      I didn’t have the slightest interest in them
    2. B.
      English idioms are not important
    3. C.
      My teacher didn’t emphasize the importance of them
    4. D.
      I was not careful with English idioms
  2. 2.

    At first, on hearing “You don’t say,” I thought the foreigner meant _______ .

    1. A.
      I had talked too much
    2. B.
      he was not interested in the topic
    3. C.
      he was only interested in the Great Wall
    4. D.
      he had something to tell me
  3. 3.

    Which of the following is true according to the passage?

    1. A.
      The Englishman left China without seeing the Great Wall.
    2. B.
      The Englishman wanted to see the Great Wall after I talked about it.
    3. C.
      The Englishman wanted me to act as his guide.
    4. D.
      The Englishman visited the Great Wall and thought it worth visiting.
  4. 4.

    After the Englishman explained the idiom, _______. 

    1. A.
      I felt very silly
    2. B.
      the Englishman became a real fool
    3. C.
      I thought he had made me a fool
    4. D.
      I became more careful in everything

Mr Green left ________ suddenly ________ he came．


  1. A.
    so; that
  2. B.
    so; as
  3. C.
    as; that
  4. D.
    as; as

One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.
Ceely's near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS (导航仪). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. "I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train." she told the BBC.
Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it's not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.
The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn't say.
It's a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.

  1. 1.

    What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?

    1. A.
      She was not familiar with the road.
    2. B.
      It was dark and raining heavily then.
    3. C.
      The railway workers failed to give the signal.
    4. D.
      Her GPS device didn't tell her about the crossing.
  2. 2.

    The phrase "near miss" (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by ________.

    1. A.
      close hit
    2. B.
      heavy loss
    3. C.
      narrow escape
    4. D.
      big mistake
  3. 3.

    Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?

    1. A.
      Modern technology is what we can't live without.
    2. B.
      Digital technology often falls short of our expectation.
    3. C.
      Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.
    4. D.
      GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely's accident.
  4. 4.

    In the writer's opinion, Stevenson's argument is ________.

    1. A.
      one-sided
    2. B.
      reasonable
    3. C.
      puzzling
    4. D.
      well-based
  5. 5.

    What is the real concern of the writer of this article?

    1. A.
      The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.
    2. B.
      The relationship between human and technology.
    3. C.
      The shortcomings of digital devices we use.
    4. D.
      The human unawareness of technical problems.

Now I ________ the pen I lost in the classroom.


  1. A.
    have found
  2. B.
    have found out
  3. C.
    found
  4. D.
    found out

Amy advised her ________ the winter vacation with her cousin.


  1. A.
    not spend
  2. B.
    not spending
  3. C.
    not to spend
  4. D.
    don't spend

From a young age, it was my dream to go to Africa and work with animals. Everybody laughed at me, but my mother, Vanne, told me never to give up, and that I could always find a way.
So, when I was 23, after saving up my earnings from working as a waitress, I went to wild, untamed (野性的) Africa and began my work. In 1960 I went to the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve. At that time, we knew nothing of the behavior or social structure of chimps (黑猩猩), and I was to go there and see what I could find out. Usually, when you wake up, you leave your dreams behind you, but I found myself waking up to my dream.
As the British government wouldn’t let me go without older women’s company, my amazing mother came with me and stayed for four months. We shared a second-hand army tent, and we used the stream for fresh water and washing. We could swim in the lake, although there were crocodiles.
It was beautiful there, although both my mother and I nearly died of malaria (疟疾). I was scared I wouldn’t be able to do what I had set out to, because, at first, the chimps ran away from me in fear. I spent my days watching, listening, tracking and in the evenings writing up my notes.
For my mother, who stayed back at the camp, it must have been terrifying, and very lonely. There were snakes and spiders, as well as an old leopard who would come by. But she had an amazing way with people, and would hand out medicines to the fishermen, who saw her as a witch doctor.
In my fifth month there, I finally saw one of the chimps, which I called David Greybeard, stripping (剥光) straw to “fish” for termites (白蚁). It proved that man wasn’t the only toolmaker, and that everything had to be redefined.

  1. 1.

    What does the author mean by saying “I found myself waking up to my dream” in the second paragraph?

    1. A.
      She lacked sleep due to busy work.
    2. B.
      She found her dream was hard to realize.
    3. C.
      She had more new dreams about her work.
    4. D.
      She tried to realize her dream every day.
  2. 2.

    The author was afraid at the Reserve in the beginning because _____.

    1. A.
      there were crocodiles in the lake
    2. B.
      she could not get close to the chimps
    3. C.
      it was hard to get clean water
    4. D.
      the chimps attacked her sometimes
  3. 3.

    The author’s mother was thought of by the local people as _____.

    1. A.
      helpful and warm-hearted
    2. B.
      funny and selfish
    3. C.
      romantic and talkative
    4. D.
      honest and hardworking
  4. 4.

    Which of the following is the author’s important discovery?

    1. A.
      She found a new kind of termite.
    2. B.
      Chimps can communicate with each other.
    3. C.
      Some other animals can also make tools.
    4. D.
      Chimps can find medicines to cure themselves.

The term “formal learning” refers to all learning which takes place in the classroom regardless of whether such learning is informed by conservative or progressive ideologies(思想意识). “Informal learning”, on the other hand, is used to refer to learning which takes place outside the classroom.
These definitions(定义) provide the basic difference between the two models of learning. Formal learning is separated from daily life and may actually promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those obtained form practical daily life. A characteristic feature of formal learning is the centrality of activities which can prepare for the changes of adult life outside the classroom, but it cannot, by its nature, consist of these challenges.
In doing this, language plays an important role as a major channel for information exchange.  The language of the classroom is more similar to the language used by middle-class families than that used by working-class families. Middle class children thus find it easier to gain the language of the classroom than their working-class classmates.
Informal learning, in contrast, occurs in the setting to which it relates, making learning immediately relevant (相关的). In this context, language does not occupy such an important role: the child's experience of learning is more direct, involving sight, touch, taste, and smell senses that are not used in the classroom. Whereas formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is gained as a natural part of child's socialization. Adults or older children who are proficient (熟练的) in skill or activity provide-----sometimes unintentionally (无意义地)---target models of behavior in the course of everyday activity.
Informal learning, therefore, can take place at any time and place. The motivation of learner provides another important difference between the two models of learning. The formal learner is generally motivated by some kind of external goal such as parental approval, social status, and possible financial reward. The informal learner, however, tends to be motivated by successful completion of the task itself and the partial knowledge of adult status.
Given that learning systems develop as a response to the social and economic contexts in which they are firmly, it is understandable that modern, high urbanized (城市化) societies have concentrated almost specially on the establishment of formal education systems. What these societies have failed to recognize are the ways in which formal learning inhibits the child's multi-sensory acquisition of practical skills. The failure to provide a child with a direct education may in part account for many of the social problems which trouble our societies.

  1. 1.

    Formal learning and informal learning are mainly told differences by_________.

    1. A.
      the place where they take place
    2. B.
      the kind of knowledge to be obtained
    3. C.
      the people who learn
    4. D.
      the language used in instruction
  2. 2.

    The language used in classroom instruction explains________.

    1. A.
      how learning can take place efficiently
    2. B.
      why it is not easy for children of working-class families to get high scores
    3. C.
      why informal learning is more important
    4. D.
      why formal learning does not work with children of middle-class families
  3. 3.

    In informal learning_________.

    1. A.
      children usually follow the examples of adults to shape their own behavior
    2. B.
      children's learning is more direct
    3. C.
      children are highly motivated by the learning activity it self
    4. D.
      all of the above
  4. 4.

    The author's attitude towards the present state of formal learning is _______.

    1. A.
      agreeable            
    2. B.
      critical
    3. C.
      suspecting           
    4. D.
      indifferent（不关心的）

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