Waves are beautiful to look at, but they can destroy ships at sea, as well as houses and buildings near the shore. What causes waves? Most waves are caused by winds blowing over the surface(表面)of the 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Waves are beautiful to look at, but they can destroy ships at sea, as well as houses and buildings near the shore. What causes waves? Most waves are caused by winds blowing over the surface(表面)of the water. The sun heats the earth, causing the air to rise and the winds to blow. The winds blow across the sea, pushing little waves into bigger and bigger ones.

The size of a wave depends on how strong the wind is, how long it blows, and how large the body of water is. In a small bay(海湾)big waves will never build up. But at sea the wind can build up giant(巨大的)powerful waves.

A rule says the height of a wave (in meters) will usually be more than one-tenth of the wind speed (in kilometers). In other words, when the wind is blowing at 120 kilometers per hour, most waves will be about twelve meters. Of course, some waves may combine to form giant waves that are much higher. In 1933 the United States Navy reported the largest measured wave in history. It rose in the Pacific Ocean to a height of thirty-four meters.

1. One can guess the height of a wave by knowing______.

A. how fast the wind is blowing

B. how long the wind blows

C. how large the body of water is

D. how the wave is built up

2. The largest measured wave in history was in______.

A. the Indian Ocean

B. the Atlantic Ocean

C. the Pacific Ocean

D. the United States

3. When the wind is blowing at 80 kilometers per hour, the height of most waves will be______.

A. about one meter

B. about eight meters

C. about eighty meters

D. about ten meters

4. Air rises when______.

A. the wind is blowing

B. the body of water is large

C. there is a powerful wave

D. the sun heats the earth

5. The best title for this passage is______.

A. What Causes Waves

B. The Largest Waves in History

C. Beautiful

D. Waves in the Pacific Ocean

答案：A;C;B;D;A
提示：

1题文章指出可以通过风速知道海浪的高度，故1题选A项。

2题历史上最大的海浪出现在太平洋，故2题选C项。

3题A rule says the height of a wave (in meters) will usually be more than one-tenth of the wind speed (in kilometers). 所以是B.

4题The sun heats the earth, causing the air to rise and the winds to blow.据此句可知答案是D.

5题文章主要讲的是海浪的成因，所以选择A.

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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

TUVALU, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help as it fears it will be swallowed up by the sea.

Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu’s nine little islands is more than five meters above sea level, Salt water is already entering the country’s drinking water supply, as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetable. _____1_____

______2____. Venice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24 cm over the past 100 years. Experts say that it will have sunk another 20-50cm by 2050. A century ago, St. Mark’s Square, the lowest point in the city, flooded about nine times a year, Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times. While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands, Tuvalu’s rising sea level is caused by global warming.

The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century; scientists expect it to rise by extra 1-3 degrees over the next 100 years.

Warmer weather makes glaciers（冰川）melt, adding more water to the ocean. The warmer temperatures also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise. The sea level has risen about 10－25 cm in the last 100 years.

__3____. Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as CO₂. This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer.

Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes. _____4______.

____5_____, the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with “climate refugees” looking for somewhere to live.

A. The main cause of global warming is human pollution

B. Should this come true

C. Without urgent help, the country’s days are numbered.

D. But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea

E. The sea level could rise by one meter this century

F. people face a lot of pollution

G. much has been done about our planet

It will be hot—hot enough that most locals will have cleared town for cooler places. But because athletes competing at the 2004 Olympics have no choice but to stay in the hot weather, many plan to turn to science to stay cool.?

Some will put their hands in ice water just before competing and nearly all will be wearing fabrics(织物) designed with hot weather in mind.?

“Normally we warm up before exercise,”said Gordon Sleivert, director of sports science and medicine at the Canadian Sport Center in Victoria, British Columbia.“But in this case we're taking the warm out of warm up. It's like pre-cooling.”

Experts are predicting(预测) the average high this August in Athens will be 90 degrees Fahrenheit, with temperatures often reaching above 100(the average temperature in Sydney for the 2000 summer games was 64).?

Although some events, such as the marathon, will start early(1 a.m.) to avoid hot weather, other competitors will be pushing their limits during high temperatures.? Drinking lots of water will help athletes keep cool, but humidity(湿度) remains a problem. The body's ability to cool down is weakened by damp air since sweat drips off the skin rather than evaporates(蒸发),resulting in dehydration(脱水) without the cooling.?

“Getting hot is a real problem because when our brains heats up, the brain waves are more like when you're really sleepy. Everything feels harder,” said Sleivert.

The passage mainly tells us that _______.

A. why it is very hot in Athens?

B. the hot weather is a big problem for Olympic athletes?

C. how important science is to every athlete?

D. the Olympics will be put off because of the hot weather?

The underlined sentence “other competitors will be pushing their limits during high temperatures”in the fifth paragraph means _______.?

A. Olympic athletes will put off their competition time?

B. some events in the Olympics will have to be put forward?

C. competitors can't reach their limits in the hot weather?

D. competitors will have to try their best to compete under any condition?

The following things will be likely to happen in the hot weather EXCEPT _______.

A. dehydration?

B. being sleepy?

C. that the blood in the body can become less and less?

D. that the body's ability to cool down is weakened

Among the dead in South Asia’s tsunami^① were many tourists at Sri Lanka’s national wildlife park at Yala. But very few of the park’s animals — elephants, buffaloes, monkeys and wild cats — appear to have died. There are theories that animals can sense natural disasters and flee to safety.

First, it’s possible that the animals may have heard the quake before the tsunami hit. The underwater rupture likely produced sound waves known as infrasound^② or infrasonic sound. Humans can’t hear infrasound, but many animals including dogs, elephants, tigers and pigeons can.

A second early warning sign the animals might have sensed is ground vibration^③. The massive quake would have produced vibrational waves known as Rayleigh waves. These vibrations move through the ground like waves move on the surface of the ocean but faster. They travel at ten times the speed of sound. The Rayleigh waves would have reached SriLanka hours before the water hit. Mammals, birds, insects and spiders can sense Rayleigh waves. So the animals at Yale might have felt the Rayleigh waves and then run to higher ground.

But what about humans? While we can’t hear infrasound, we can feel it, although we don’t necessarily know we’re feeling it. We also experience Rayleigh waves by special sensors in our joints, which exist just for that purpose. Sadly, it seems we don’t pay attention to the information when we get it. Maybe we screen it out because there’s so much going on before our eyes and in our ears. Humans have a lot of things on our minds and usually that works out OK.

Notes:

tsunami n. 海啸

infrasound n. 次声

vibration n. 振动，颤动

Choose the best answers according to the above:

Why did few animals at Yala die when the tsunamis that caused a huge number of human deaths hit?

A. Because the animals were staying at a higher place in the park.

B. Because the animals were able to run much faster than human beings.

C. Because human beings cannot hear the infrasonic sound.

D. Because the animals might have picked up the danger signals and ran away.

Which of the statements about “Ravleigh waves” is true?

A. Rayleigh waves are massive vibrational waves that usually cause quakes or tsunamis.

B. Rayleigh waves move on the ocean surface at a speed ten times that of sound waves.

C. Rayleigh waves can be felt both by animals and human beings.

D. Rayleigh waves, just like infrasonic sound, can only be felt by animals.

When a tsunami hits, it is possible that ＿＿＿＿.

A. we can’t feel the infrasound so we can’t be informed of the danger

B. we can feel Rayleigh waves as well as infrasound so we are able to escape the danger like animals

C. we were so busy with things on our minds that we feel neither infrasound nor Rayleigh waves

D. we think nothing of the information of its coming even though we can also get it

What does the underlined word “that” in the last sentence refer to?

A. Screening out the information.

B. There being so much going on before our eyes and in our ears.

C. Having a lot of things on our minds.

D. Paying attention to the information.

“If you talk to the plants, they will grow faster and the effect is even better if you’re a woman.” Researchers at Royal Horticultural Society carried out an experiment to find that the voice of a woman gardener makes plants grow faster.
The experiment lasted a month and by the end of the study scientists managed to discover that tomato plants grew up two inches taller when women gardeners talked to them instead of male.
Sarah Darwin was the one making the plants the best growth. Her voice was the most “inspiring” for plants than those of nine other gardeners when reading a passage from The Origin of Species. The great-great-granddaughter of the famous botanist （植物学家）Charles Darwin found that her plant grew about two inches taller than the plant of the best male gardener.
Colin Crosbie, Garden Superintendent at RHS, said that the finding cannot yet be explained.He says that women have a greater range of pitch and tone（音高和音色）which might have a certain effect on the sound waves that reach the plant. “Sound waves are an environmental effect just like rain or light ,”said Mr Grosbie.
The study began in April at RHS Garden Wisley in Survey. Scientists started with open auditions(听力) for the people who were asked to record passages from John Wyndham's The Day of the Triffids, Shakespeare’s A Midsummer's Night Dream and Darwin's The Origin of Species.
Afterwards researchers selected a number of different voices and played them to 10 tomato plants during a period of a month. Each plant had headphones connected to it. Through the headphones the sound waves could hit the plants. It was discovered that plants that “listened” to female voices grew taller by an inch in comparison to plants that heard male voices.
【小题1】What does the passage talk about?

A．Plants enjoy men’s voices than women’s.

B．A science experiment in a museum.

C．Voice’s influence on plant growing.

D．Strange findings at Royal Horticultural Society.

【小题2】What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Plants need sound as well as rain and light.

B．Sound is basic for the plant to grow.

C．Sound has a good effect as rain or light does.

D．Plants can’t live without sound, rain or light.

【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?

A．The experiment ended in May.

B．Scientist can explain the findings clearly.

C．Plants enjoy listening to the passages from famous works.

D．The findings are of great importance to human beings.

The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth . Most of it will miss our planet , but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth .

On 17 July , a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层) with a massive explosion . About half of the piece is destroyed , but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound . The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed . Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole . The wall of water , a kilometer high , rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour . Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people re drowned .

Before the waves reach South America , the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina . Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains . The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean . The cities of Los Angeles , San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes . Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won’t escape for long . Because of the explosions , the sun is hidden by clouds of dust , temperatures around the world fall to almost zero .Crops are ruined . The sun won’t be seen again for many years . Wars break out as countries fight for food . A year later , no more than 10 million people remain alive .

Could it really happen ? In fact , it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth . The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years . Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared . Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space . The dinosaurs couldn’t live through the cold climate that followed and they died out . Will we meet the same end ?

1.What is mainly described in the passage ?

A．A historic discovery .	B．An event of imagination
C．A research on space .	D．A scientific adventure .

2.When the first piece hits the South Atlantic , it causes .

A．an earthquake	B．damages to cities
C．an Earth explosion	D．huge waves

3.Why can’t the northern half of the earth escape for long ?

A．Because the land is covered with water

B．Because the light and heat from the sun can not reach the earth .

C．Because people there can not live at the temperature of zero .

D．Because wars break out among countries .

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