题目内容
20.Choosing the Right Resolution (决定)Millions of Americans began 2014with the same resolution they started 2013with,a goal of losing weight.However,setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.
To reach our goal of losing weight---the output,we need to control what we eat---the input ( 输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construce goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight,try an actionable resolution:"I'll stop having desert for lunch,"or"I'll walk every day for 20minutes."Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.
Recently a new science behind incentives (激励),including in education,has been discussed.For example,researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases,he gave students incentives based on input,like reading certain books,while in others,the incentives were based on output,like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output.Fryer's conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not knoe how to do better on exam,aside from general rules like"study harder."Reading certain books,on the other hand,is a well-set task over which they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal,you have a much higher chance of success.And it's easier to start again if you fail,because you know exactly what you need to do.
If you want to cut down on your spending,a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe,for example.This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isn't a goal because it's too general.Similarly,if you want to spend more time with your family,don't stop with this general wish.Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to,like a family movie night every Wednesday.
In the long run,these new goals could become a habit.
63.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake becauseB.
A.it is hard to achieve for most Americans
B.it is focused too much on the result
C.it is dependent on too many things
D.it is based on actionable decisions
64.In Roland Fryer's research,some students did better than the others becauseD.
A.they obeyed all the general rules
B.they paid more attention to exams
C.they were motivated by their classmates
D.they were rewarded for reading some books
65.According to the writer,which of the following statements is a good goal?A
A."I'll give up desert."
B."I'll study harder."
C."I'll cut down my expense"
D."I'll spend more time with my family"
66.The writer strongly believes that we shouldC.
A.develop good habits and focus on the outcome
B.be optimistic about final goals and stick to them
C.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits
D.set ambitious goals that can balance the input ang output.
分析 本文是一篇科普文章,从2014年美国人的减肥计划开始,谈到减肥成功的关键.由此,作者引出Roland Fryer做的一项实验,该实验表明,当关注输入(开始)时,激励才发生作用.要想达到目标,必须重视目标,而不是根据结果调整行动.
解答 63.答案:B.细节理解题.根据文章第二段中第二句"…we tend to care about the output but not to control the input."和最后一句中"…concentrating on the outcome."可知,我们失败或错误的根据是过分关注output/outcome(输出/结果)而不是"input".
64.答案:D.细节理解题.根据文章第三段内容特别是第三句"In some cases,he gave students incentives based on input,like reading certain books,while in others,the incentives were based on output,like results on exams.",可以知道Roland Fryer把"input"(即阅读)和"output"(考试结果)作为两种激励变量,得到的结果是input的效果好于output.
65.答案:A.细节理解题.根据全文内容可知,"losing weight"、"results on exams"、"study harder"、"cut down on your spending"、"spend more time with your family"都强调结果,是太泛的目标,不易达到成功;而"control what we eat"、"stop having desert"、"walk every day"、"making morning coffee at home"、"a family movie night"等强调行动,是一种输入,所以更容易成功.
66.答案:C.推理判断题.根据文章最后一段第二句"This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily."可知,作者实际上是建议人们采取可形成好习惯的行动来实现目标.
点评 做科教类阅读,要做到以下几点:
1.浏览文章并确定其体裁.
2.挖掘寓意,掌握中心思想,推出结论.
3.把握篇章结构,利用上下文进行推测.
-______,boy.Anyway,Rome wasn't built in a day.( )
A. | You said it | B. | That's terrible | C. | Take your time | D. | Keep it up |
encouraged to develop their talents.( )
A. | sharp | B. | slight | C. | natural | D. | modest |