There are about 22 million non-European Americans, mainly Black Americans, Red Indians, Latin Americans and other peoples.

  The Red Indians number about 600,000.They are the natives of America.They look somewhat like Tibetans.They are not red, but brown.They were called Indians by mistake.When Columbus landed in the New World in 1492, he thought he had landed in India and called the people Indians.

  The Black people had a sad history.Nearly all of them are descendants(后裔)of Africans brought from Africa to America sold as slaves in the 17th and 18th centuries.Today, they are about 21 million in number or 11 percent of total American population.Most of them lived in the South till the 1930s and since then more and more were leaving the South to look for work in the industrial North.Today, 60 percent of Black Americans live in New York, Chicago and other big cities.

  Mexicans who belong to Latin Americans are the 2nd biggest minority nationality.Most of them are immigrant(移民)farm workers.The Puerto Ricans, from the island of Puerto Rica off the coast of Florida, live mostly in the slums(贫民窟)of big cities like New York and Chicago.These two peoples like the Afro-Americans mostly live below the poverty line.

  There are Chinese people living in America, too-almost a quarter of million(the exact figure is 236,000).Many of them went to America about 100 years ago to build the railways there.They suffered a great deal.Today, most Chinese Americans live in California(a state facing the Pacific Ocean)and New York, and also in Hawaii, and archipelago(群岛)in the mid-Pacific, which is counted as the 50th state of the U.S.A.

(1)

Which of the following shows the right relationship among the population of American minorities?

[  ]

A.

American natives>Blacks>Mexicans>Chinese

B.

Red Indians>Afro-Americans>Chinese

C.

Blacks>Mexicans>European Americans>American Indians

D.

Black Americans>Mexicans>Indians>Chinese

(2)

Which of the following shows the right historical order?

a.The Afro-Americans were brought to American.

b.Lots of Chinese people built the railways in the U.S.A.

c.Columbus found the "New World".

d.Hawaii became one of the states of the U.S.A.

e.The Black Americans left the South for the North.

[  ]

A.

c-a-b-e-d

B.

c-b-e-d-a

C.

a-e-c-d-b

D.

d-c-b-a-e

(3)

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

[  ]

A.

Puerto Rica is among the 50 states of the U.S.A.

B.

Columbus was the first to call American Indians Red Indians.

C.

Most of the American minorities used to live a happy life.

D.

Black Americans and Puerto Ricans have begun to move from the countryside to big cities.

(4)

Which of the following maps gives the fight positions of the given places?(  )

(C-California;F-Florida;H-Hawaii;N-New York:P-Puerto Rica Island)

(BBC)The "father of the personal computer" who kick-started the careers of Microsoft founders Bill Gates and Paul Allen has died at the age of 68. Dr Henry Edward Roberts was the inventor of the Altair 8800, a machine that led to the home computer age.

Gates and Allen contacted Dr Roberts after seeing the machine on the front cover of a magazine and offered to write software for it. The program was known as Altair-Basic, the foundation of Microsoft's business. "Ed was willing to take a chance on us - two young guys interested in computers , and we have always been thankful to him," the Microsoft founders said in a statement.

 Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak told technology website CNET that Dr Roberts had taken " a critically important step that led to everything we have today".

Dr Roberts was the founder of Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS), originally set up to sell electronics parts to model rocket hobbyists. The company went on to sell electronic calculator parts, but was soon overshadowed by bigger firms.

In the mid-1970's, with the firm struggling with debt, Dr Roberts began to develop a computer kit(配套零件) for hobbyists. The result was the Altair 8800. The $395 kit (around ??1,000 today) was featured on the cover of Popular Electronics in 1975, resulting in a flood of orders.

Amongst those interested in the machine were Paul Allen and Bill Gates. The pair contacted Dr Roberts, offering to write software that would help people program the machine. The pair finally moved to Albuquerque - the home of MITS - where they founded Micro-Soft, to develop their software.

Dr Roberts sold his company in 1977. He died in hospital on 1 April after a long period of pneumonia.(肺炎)

Why did Dr Roberts probably decide to sell his company?

A. Because he was in heavy debt in the mid-1980's .

B. Because he wanted to take a chance on Gates and Allen.

C. Because he wanted to develop a computer kit for hobbyists.

D. Because he had difficulty competing with big companies. 

What do we know about MITS?

A. It was set up by Steve Wozniak.

B. It sold electronics parts to big firms.

C. It is located in Albuquerque.

D. It is a technology website.

We can learn that Popular Electronics is likely to be  ____.

A. a newspaper   B. a magazine   C. a Website   D. an organization

What is the best title of this passage?

A. The story of the Altair 8800

B. The founder of MITS

C. Father of the personal computer died

D. The story of Dr Roberts


(B)
Now I'd like to talk to you about your final exam. The exam will be held next Thursday, the last day of the exam week. Remember to bring two of three pens in case you run out of ink. And unlike the mid-term exam, this test will not include multiple --- choice questions; it will consist entirely of essay. You'll have to answer three of the five essay questions. The exam will be comprehensive, which means you'll be responsible for all of the subject matters we covered in class this term, I would suggest you review your mid-term exam as well as textbooks and your class notes. The final exam will count as 50 percent of your grade of the course. The research project will count as 20 percent and the mid-term exam 30 percent. I'll be in my office almost all day next Tuesday. If you run into any problems, please drop in. Good luck to you and I'll see you on Tuesday.
59. . What will be included in the exam?
A. There will be only multiple-choice questions.
B. The exam will contain both multiple-choice and essay questions.
C. The exam will have an oral and a written section.
D. There will be only essay questions.
60.Why does the teacher call the exam comprehensive?
A. It will be easy to understand.
B. Students will be tested on all the material discussed in class.
C. It will cover topics from a wide variety of subjects.
D. Students must complete all parts of it.
61. When was this talk most likely given?
A. During the first week of class               B. During mid-term week
C. On the last day of class                     D. On the last day of exam week

If you’d like to go sightseeing, the following World Heritage Sites may be your best choices.
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
The Jiuzhaigou Valley, which lies in the northern part of Sichuan Province, reaches a height of more than 4,800 meters, with a series of different forest ecosystems(生态系统). There you can enjoy watching excellent waterfalls. Some 140 kinds of birds also live in the valley, as well as a number of endangered plants and animals, including the giant panda. For more information, please visit http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/637.
Khami Ruins National Monument
The city of Khami, which developed after the capital of Great Zimbabwe had been given up in the mid-16th century, is of great archaeological(考古的)interest. The discovery of objects from Europe and China shows that Khami was a major centre for trade over a long period of time. For more information, please visit http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/365.
Henderson Island
Henderson Island, which lies in the eastern South Pacific, is one of the few atolls(环礁)in the world whose ecology(生态)has not been touched by human beings. It is especially famous for the ten plants and four land birds that can only be seen on the island. For more information, please visit http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/487.
The Old City of Jerusalem
As a holy city for three different religions in the Middle East, Jerusalem has always been of great religious importance. It was given a World Heritage Status in 1981 and placed on the “List of World Heritage in Danger” the following year. For more information, please visit http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148.
【小题1】What can we know about the Jiuzhaigou Valley?

A.It sits at the foot of a 4,800-meter-high mountain.
B.It has different forest ecosystems.
C.Most of China’s endangered plants can be found there.
D.In all about 140 kinds of birds and animals live there.
【小题2】The discovery of some of the objects in Khami shows that the city              .
A.had a very short history
B.was ruined in the mid-16th century
C.was once Great Zimbabwe’s largest city
D.once played a great role as a trade center
【小题3】From the passage we can learn that Henderson Island              .
A.hasn’t been greatly influenced by human activities
B.isn’t suitable for humans to live on
C.has been open to visitors for years
D.is made up of a few large atolls
【小题4】If you are interested in religion, you should visit              .
A.http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148
B.http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/365
C.http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/487
D.http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/637

WASHINGTON—Two-thirds of the world’s polar bear population could be gone by 2050 if predictions of melting sea ice hold true, the US Geological Survey reported on Friday.

The fate of polar bears could be even worse than that estimate, because sea ice in the Arctic might be disappearing faster than the available computer models predict, the geological survey said in a report aimed at determining whether the big white bear should be listed as a threatened species.

“There is a definite link between changes in the sea ice and the welfare of polar bears,” said Steve Amstrup, who led the research team. He says Arctic sea ice is already at the lowest this year and is expected to retreat(退却) farther this month.

That means that polar bears—some 16,000 of them -- will disappear by 2050 from parts of the Arctic where sea ice is melting most rapidly, along the north coasts of Alaska and Russia, researchers said in a telephone briefing(简报).

Other polar bears could survive beyond that date but many of those could be gone by 2100, Amstrup said. By this century’s end, the only polar bears left might live in the Canadian Arctic islands and along the west coast of Greenland.

“It is likely to result in loss of approximately two-thirds of the world’s current polar bear population by the mid 21st century,” the report’s executive summary said.

“Because the observed trajectory(轨迹)of Arctic sea ice decline appears to be underestimated by currently available models, this assessment of future polar bear status may be conservative(保守的).”

In January, the US Fish and Wildlife Service proposed listing the polar bear as a threatened species, noting polar bears depend on sea ice as a platform to hunt seals, their main food.

Without enough sea ice, polar bears would be forced onto land, but they are poor hunters once they get out of the water and ice, the researchers said. The bears’ disappearance would probably take place as young cubs(幼兽)failed to survive to adulthood and females were unable to reproduce successfully.

1.What was the US Geological Survey intended to do?

A.To determine whether the polar bear was in danger.

B.To measure how fast the sea ice melts in the Arctic.

C.To check the predictions of the computer models.

D.To find out the exact number of the polar bear.

2.What causes the polar bears to disappear by 2050?

A.The pollution of the Arctic region.           B.The sea ice melting at high speed

C.Fewer food sources being left.             D.The temperature getting colder.

3.The key to preventing polar bears dying out seems to _______________.

A.help young polar bears to survive the cold winter

B.have large number of seals living in the oceans

C.make sure there is enough sea ice in the Arctic

D.provide chances for adult polar bears to reproduce

 

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