题目内容
17．High blood pressure is defined as 140mmHg over 90mmHg，and for years，doctors have used that measure as the threshold for prescribing anti-hypertensive drugs．But based on new recommendations，adults who are 60or older can wait until their readings reach 150over 90or above to begin medication．After reviewing available evidence on the effects of blood pressure treatments，the Institute of Medicine's Eighth Joint National Committee （JNC 8）concluded that aggressive treatment can lead to lightheadedness，falls and fainting in elderly populations-so they advised loosening the guidelines for starting medication．But days after the guidelines were published，heart experts raised concerns about how the advice would affect patients； inadequately controlled blood pressure is a risk factor for heart attack and stroke．
Members of the JNC8who voted against the recommendations published an editorial in the Annals of Internal Medicine outlining their reasons for opposing the change．"We，the panel minority，believed that evidence was insufficient to increase the target goal from its current level because increasing the goal may cause harm by increasing the risk for CVD（心血管疾病）and partially undoing the remarkable progress in reducing cardiovascular mortality in Americans older than 60，"they wrote．
Dr．Suzanne Steinbaum said she has not changed the way she treats her patients over 60．She says，"As a preventive cardiologist（心脏病学家），these new guidelines have made me crazy．What we have learned is that blood pressure treatment even for a patient above 80has been shown to be critical．It goes against everything we know as cardiologists．"
Defending the panel's decision，Dr．Paul A．James，co-chairman of the guidelines committee，said in an email to TIME，"I can assure you that the panel discussed the opinions of the minority members on three different occasions and the majority were not persuaded that the expert skills of a few members should override the scientific evidence．"
James said that as with any medications，doctors will use the blood pressure recommendations as guidelines，and prescribe drugs based on their evaluation of each patient．"Medications prescribed by physicians all have the potential to be dangerous，"he wrote．"Educating doctors about the scientific evidence will help doctors make better decisions with patients．Physicians who practice on the basis of scientific evidence usually subscribe to simple rule-if the medicine cannot be shown to help the patient，then the medicine should not be prescribed．"
The editorial isn't likely to change them any time soon．But the concerns should urge doctors to monitor their patients more closely and tailor medications and their doses more carefully．
71．aggressive72．recommended73．Opposition74．risk75．lack
76．unreasonable77．convincing78．educating79．rule80．careful/responsible．
分析 短文主要介绍了高血压，以及医生在诊治高血压时应注意预防的一些问题．
解答 71．aggressive，原词再现．根据第一段倒数第二行aggressive treatment can lead to lightheadedness，falls and fainting in elderly populations可知本题应该使用形容词aggressive．
72．recommended，词形转换．根据第一段第二句But based on new recommendations，adults who are 60 or older can wait until their readings reach 150 over 90 or above to begin medication．可知根据建议，年龄大的人高血压的标准有所不同．本句使用过去分词的形式表示被动．
73．Opposition，总结归纳题．根据文章2、3段内容可知84、85、86均为与第一段内容的相反观点．故使用名词opposition．
74．risk，同义句再现．根据文章第二段inadequately controlled blood pressure is a risk factor forheart attack and stroke．可知不恰当的血压控制对于心脏病和中风来说都是一个很危险的因素．
75．lack，同义句转换．根据第三段第二句"We，the panel minority，believed that evidence was insufficient to increase the target goal from its current level可知人们认为针具是不充分的，也就是说缺少足够的证据．
76．unreasonable，推理题．根据第四段第二句these new guidelines have made me crazy．可知他认为这样的指导是疯狂的，是不合理的．
77．convincing，推理题．根据第五段最后一句the expert skills of a few members should override the scientific evidence可知他认为专业的技能不能无视科学证据，也就是火他认为科学证据更有说服力．
78．educating，同义句转换．根据第六段第三行Educating doctors about the scientific evidence will help doctors make better decisions with patients．可知教育医生在线科学证据将会帮助医生做出更好的决定．也就是说教育医生是值得．所以使用be worth doing的结构．
79．rule，原词再现．根据第六段最后一句Physicians who practice on the basis of scientific evidenceusually subscribe to simple rule可知医生要遵守这样的简单规则．
80．careful/responsible，词性转换．根据文章最后一段But the concerns should urge doctors to monitor their patients more closely and tailor medications and their doses more carefully．原句中使用副词carefully，表格里需要使用的是形容词careful．
点评 解答任务型阅读理解题，首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料．其次，细读题材，各个击破．掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准．
