题目内容

2.British writer John Bunyan was born at Elstow,Bedfordshire,England,in November,1628.His father was a maker and mender of pots and kettles,and the son followed the same trade.Though he is usually called a tinker,Bunyan had a settled home and place of business.He had little schooling,and he describes his early surroundings as poor and mean.He became much interested in religions,but it was only after a tremendous spiritual conflict,lasting three or four years,that he found peace.His struggles are related with extraordinary vividness and intensity in his"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners."His writing began with a controversy against the Quakers (教友派),and shows from the first the command of a homely but vigorous style.
Like most working men at the time,Bunyan had a deep hatred for the corrupted,hypocritical rich who accumulated their wealth"by hook and by crook."As a stout Puritan(清教徒),he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly believed in salvation (拯救) through spiritual struggle.
Bunyan's style was modeled after that of the English Bible.With his concrete and living language and carefully observed and vividly presented details,he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure of reading his novel and to relive the experience of his characters.
Bunyan's works include Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (1666),The Life and Death of Mr.Badman (1680),The Holy War (1682)and The Pilgrim's Progress (1684).
The Pilgrim's Progress is the most successful religious allegory (寓言) in the English language.Its purpose is to urge people to observe Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggle with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils.It is not only about something spiritual but also bears much relevance to the time.Its predominant metaphor-life as a journey-is simple and familiar.The objects that Christian meets are homely and commonplace,and the scenes presented are typical English ones,but throughout the allegory a spiritual significance is added to the commonplace details.Here the strange is combined with the familiar and the trivial joined to the divine,and,a rich imagination and a natural talent for storytelling also contribute to the success of the work which is at once entertaining and morally instructive.
"The Vanity Fair,"is an excerpt from The Pilgrim's Progress.The story starts with a dream in which the author sees Christian the Pilgrim,with a heavy burden on his back,reading the Bible.When he learns from the book that the city in which he and his family live shall be burnt down in a fire,Christian tries to convince his family and his neighbors of the oncoming disaster and asks them to go with him in search of salvation,but most of them simply ignore him.So he starts off with a friend,Pliable.Pliable turns back after they stumble into a pit,the Slough of Despond.Christian struggles on by himself.Then he is misled by Mr.Wordly Wiseman and is brought back onto the right road by Mr.Evangelist.There he joins Faithful,a neighbor who has set out later but has made better progress.The two go on together through many adventures,including the great struggle with Apollyon,who claims them to be his subjects and refuse to accept their allegiance to God.After many other adventures they come to the Vanity Fair where both are arrested as alien agitators.They are tried and Faithful is condemned to death.Christian,however manages to escape and goes on his way,assisted by a new friend,Hopeful.Tired of the hard journey,they are tempted to take pleasant path and are then captured by Giant Despair.Finally they got away and reach the Celestial City,where they enjoy eternal life in the fellowship of the blessed.

62.According to the passage,Bunyan hated the rich people mainly becauseC.
A.his father was making and mending pots and kettles
B.Bunyan had poor and mean early surroundings
C.the rich usually got their wealth in dishonest ways
D.Bunyan studied the Bible to save the human souls
63.What are the main characteristics of Bunyan's works?D
①The languages are concrete and living.
②The stories are carefully and vividly described.
③The plots are romantic and twisting.
④The works are easy to understand.
A.①②③B.②③④
C.①③④D.①②④
64.John Bunyan wrote the book The Pilgrim's Progress in order toA.
A.advise people to obey religious principles for salvation
B.tell people that life is a simple and familiar journey
C.add spiritual significance to the commonplace details
D.to combine the strange things with the familiar things
65.What moral does the story of the last paragraph convey to us?C
A.Any imaginable things might happen in a pilgrim's dream.
B.Christian the Pilgrim likes reading the Bible with a burden.
C.People can struggle against weaknesses and evils for salvation
D.People can enjoy eternal life in the fellowship of the blessed.

分析 文章介绍了英国作家John Bunyan的生平,他的写作风格和他的作品的梗概.

解答 CDAC
62:C  细节题:根据第二段的句子:Like most working men at the time,Bunyan had a deep hatred for the corrupted,hypocritical rich who accumulated their wealth"by hook and by crook."可知Bunyan憎恨有钱人主要是因为有钱人通常是用不诚实的方法获得财富,选 C.
63:D  细节题:根据文章第三段的句子:With his concrete and living language and carefully observed and vividly presented details,he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure of reading his novel and to relive the experience of his characters.可知Bunyan 的作品的特点是:语言具体生动,故事描写很仔细生动,作品很容易理解,所以选D
64:A  细节题:根据文章第五段的句子:The Pilgrim's Progress is the most successful religious allegory (寓言) in the English language.Its purpose is to urge people to observe Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggle with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils.可知John Bunyan 写The Pilgrim's Progress 主要是为了说服人们为了拯救遵守宗教原则,选A.
65:C 细节题:根据最后一段的句子:Finally they got away and reach the Celestial City,where they enjoy eternal life in the fellowship of the blessed.可知这段提到的故事"The Vanity Fair,"的寓意是人们可以为了拯救和虚弱和邪恶作斗争,选C.

点评 做阅读时经常犯错的主要原因是,仅凭读过文章后残留在脑海中的一丝印象来勾选答案,这样便很容易掉入出题人故意设布下的题目陷阱.所谓阅读理解,对于题目的理解一定要忠实于原文,因此,每一道题都应该与原文作全面的对比与核查,再得出答案.也就是说,阅读理解的每一道题目,在原文都应该有明确的出处,我们把这一出处叫做原文相关句,(1)排除与原文相关句主题不一致的选项(2)排除与原文相关句态度相反的选项  (3)排除用于过于极端或负面的选项(4)注意结合文章主旨和主题去排除.

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相关题目
12.How do you think your school will look in the future?Last week,about 600 teenagers in the US imagined a future changed by technology in which their lessons are taught by robots and they learn about celebrities and alien languages.
According to a survey published last week by the US Internet service provider American On-line,only one in 100 thinks that in the future they will walk from home to school; the rest believe they will use jet packs (喷气背包),and hover boards-something like helicopters as everyday transport.
All the participants of the survey are teenagers born into the Internet age.The study is to show how the first cyber generation dream about a future life created by advanced technology.
Most believe there will still be schools to go to,but that technology will play an increasingly important role in learning.The 600 teens surveyed think there will still be teachers,but 37 per cent imagine them to be robots.Some 24 per cent believe that teachers will still be human but they will have interchangeable microchips so that one person can teach all subjects.
More than one in two believes hover-boarding will be popular,while one-third say that wearing rocket boots will be their favorite activity.Another third think jet packs will be popular.Nearly 30 per cent think playing football and bike-riding will remain popular.
When it comes to the subjects,they think future generations will be learning about robot building,alien languages,celebrities and R'n'B music.

64.It can be inferred from the passage thatA
    A.the majority of the students think they will hover-board rather than walk to school
    B.subjects like alien languages,and robot building have been taught in some schools
    C.hundreds of the students believe that they will still attend school on foot
    D.teens surveyed would become teachers,robots or celebrities
65.A survey carried out among 600 teenagers in US is to showA.
    A.how teens born into the Internet age imagine future schools
    B.what part the first cyber generation will play in the future
    C.how a future teacher will be changed by advanced technology
    D.what transportation will be popular
66.Who are most likely to give new cyber generations lessons in the opinions of more than one third of teenagers?C
A.The Internet.              
B.Humans with interchangeable microchips.
C.Robots.
D.Aliens
67.Half of the participants believeBwill be popular.
A.bike-riding      B.hover-boarding       C.jet packs            D.rocket boots.
10.For a girl who's interested in fashion,what would be the dream job for success?Being a model?Probably no-?that's for a pencil thin who doesn't eat.One answer is,fashion stylist (时装造型师).
As more brands open stores in China to enlarge their reach,the increase in outdoor advertising might light a stylist spark in a girl's heart.Fashion magazine offices are crowded with applicants,and fashionable brand HR managers get thousands of resumes (简历) of people looking for a stylist position.
"It looked too high before,but now I find it more approachable,"said Xue Rui,22,a Fudan University Chinese literature grad who works as an assistant stylist at Hermes in Shanghai."There is no certain rule in dressing up models,and you can try every way with your own taste to make them pretty and attractive."
The attractiveness of this line of work is not only in the elegant clothes.And it's not like it used to be.Now it's a well-paid and promising career.
"A stylist at a fashion magazine can have some special rights.You have a chance to contact (联系) famous persons and dress them up in a style you like,"said Cheng Hong,chief editor of the Chinese version of L'officiel Hommes magazine."You need to cooperate with top photographers and select places around the world to take photos in.You might also be invited to fashion shows of top brands and can select some of the favorite clothes."
Girls can find it hard to ignore this field and it is opening up to normal girls,not only style or fashion design majors.A fashion designer knows how to make a dress pretty,but a stylist knows how to make a person beautiful,from head to toe.
There exist some problems,no matter how great you may think it is,it's unbelievably hard work.You need to build good relations with various people,say stars,photographers,PR managers,other media,and even airlines.You need to take care of clothes in the workplace and pay for even a tiny spot you get on them.The worst thing is that you might work extremely hard for a week on some serious photos,but if the chief's not satisfied,you do them all over again.
So,remember,girls,you've been warned.

64.What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably mean?A
A.Being a model is thin girls'business.
B.A good model eats nothing but fruits.
C.To be a model,she must look like a pencil.
D.To be a model,she can not eat nutritious food.
65.As a stylist at a fashion magazine,you need to do the following things EXCEPTB.
A.make contact with famous persons    
B.dress yourself up in a special style
C.co-work with top photographers      
D.select the favorite clothes
66.We can infer from the passage thatA.
A.working as a stylist was not so appealing as it is today
B.a successful stylist must have a diploma in fashion design
C.fashion designers do more tough jobs than fashion stylists
D.skills for stylists are not so important as relationships with others
67.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?B
A.Designing for Magazines      
B.Styling for Success
C.Being an Attractive Designer         
D.Arguing against Fashion Stylists.
17.Here are two letters from our readers expressing their concern about school assessment (评价):
(l)
Students should be allowed to study without worrying about grades (学习成绩).Fortunately,most educators realize that students have different interests and abilities.However,grade-based assessment is still very common.Grades often hold back creativity.Competing for better grades causes many students to turn down opportunities to go in for music,drama and sports.Grades are also an unfair measure of a student's ability.I do not demand,as some extremists do,that grades should no longer be recorded.However,I do believe that less importance should be placed on.grades.I hope that someday grades will become optional(可选择的) at Village High School.
Magdalena Smith,President
Drama Club
(2)
Let's face the facts about grades.Grades perform three basic functions( 功能).First,grades get students to work at their highest level of competence  (能力 ).Second,they act as an encouragement for hard-working students and as a warming to those who are not.Finally,grades are an effective standard by which to measure students'achievement.Good grades help students to get jobs and to get into university.
I've spoken with a number of students who have jobs,and most of them say that they were hired mainly because of their grades.My grades helped me get a part-time job and will help me into university next year.I think grades are extremely important at Village High School.
Simon Harper,Member,
Science Club

64.Simon Harper writes from the viewpoint of someone whoB
A.insists grades should become optional in the near future
B.believe in the advantages of assessment based on grades
C.is concerned about improving students'creativity
D.supports using students'interests to measure their abilities
65.Magdalena Smith thinks it is important forD.
A.educators to assess the students by grades
B.educators to pay more attention to grades
C.students to compete for better grades
D.students to take part in music,drama,and sports
66.According to the letters,which of the following is TRUE about Village High School?D
A.Grades are effective in every way.
B.Grades hold back students'creativity.
C.Grades bring about unnecessary worries.
D.Grades are still in use at present.
67.What are the two letters mainly about?A
A.The role that grades should play in assessing students.
B.The importance of art and music in students'life.
C.The need to have a standard measure for students'success.
D.The reasons why grades shouldn't be used to assess students.
7.Very mobile ears help many animals direct their attention to the rustle of a possible attacker.Researchers say these mobile ears have become a useful communication tool.Their studies of animal behaviour build up a picture of how communication and social skills developed.
"We're interested in how they communicate,"said lead researcher Jennifer Wathan."And being sensitive to what another individual is thinking is a fundamental skill from which other more complex skills develop."
Ms Wathan and her colleague Prof Karen McComb set up a behavioural experiment where 72individual horses had to use visual cues from another horse in order to choose where to feed.They led each horse to a point where it had to select one of two buckets.On a wall behind this decision-making spot was a life-sized photograph of a horse's head facing either to left or right.In some of the trials,the horses'ears or eyes were covered.
If the ears and eyes of the horse in the picture were visible,the horses being tested would choose the bucket towards which its gaze-and its ears-were directed.If the horse in the picture had either its eyes or its ears covered,the horse being tested would just choose a feed bucket at random.
Like many mammals that are hunted by predators(捕食者),horses can rotate(旋转)their ears through almost 180degrees-but Ms Wathan said that in our"human-centric"view of the world,we had overlooked the importance of these very mobile ears in animal communication.
"It seems there's something in the visual cues-from both the eyes and the ears-that are really important,"she told BBC News."Horses have quite rich social lives and relationships with other horses,so they're a good species to look at this in."And the more we look at communication across different species,the more we can consider what might have promoted the evolution of sophisticated communication and social skills."

24.Why does a horse rotate its ears?C
A.To tell each other where they can go for the buckets.
B.To be curious about what the other horse is thinking.
C.To warn the other horse when an attacker is coming closer.
D.To express its hope to build up social relations with others.
25.Why did the researchers use the life-sized photograph of a horse in the experiment?D
A.To help develop horses'complex skills.
B.To lead other horses to feed themselves.
C.To make the horses in the experiment excited.
D.To provide clues for the horses in the experiment.
26.Why are ears and eyes important to horses?C
A.They can find the feeding buckets more easily with ears and eyes.
B.With ears and eyes they can escape from dangers more easily.
C.With ears and eyes they can communicate with other horses.
D.Horses have quite rich social lives with ears and eyes.
27.What can be the best title of the passage?A
A.Rotary Ears Serve as Communication Tools.
B.Horses Have More Social Skills than Other Species.
C.Experiments with Horses'Ears.
D.Fundamental Skills of Horses.
14.In a recent announcement,Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.
Beginning this fall,a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60million program,known as edX"Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses,"Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.
MIT has offered a program called Open Course Ware for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000classes free online.It has been used by more than 100million people.In December,the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate(证书),known as MITx,for people who compete certain online course.Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.
The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.
MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000people signed up for the first MITx course.She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform.
"Fasten your seatbelts,"Hockfield said
Other universities,including Standford,Yale and Canegie-Mellon,have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.
The Hardvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit (非盈利的) organization based in Cambridge,to be owned equally by the two countries.Both MIT and Harvard have provided 30million to start the program.They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.

28.According to this text,edX isC.
A.a part of the free MIT Open Course Ware.
B.a free computer program by MIT and Harvard.
C.a Harvard-MIT platform of free online courses.
D.a free program online for universities world wide.
29.What is said about online education in the text?A
A.Universities have been trying online courses.
B.About 2,000online courses have been offered.
C.Over 100million people have finished courses online.
D.Standford and Yale together have similar to edX.
30.The underlined part in the text probably means"B".
A.Get ready for the difficulties.
B.Get ready for this education change.
C.Get prepared to complete the online courses.
D.Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses.
31.What can be said about MITx according to the text?C
A.It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.
B.It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program.
C.It is a standard to recognize online learners'achievement.
D.It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.
11.Although most hitchhikers (搭便车的人) are people,passers-by tend to ignore them because they are cautious about giving rides to strangers.But what will they do if they come across a hitchhiking robot?Will they take it to its destination or will they just leave the helpless machine by the wayside?
That is the answer Canadian professors,David Harris Smith and Frauke Zeller,who study the relationship between humans and technology,are seeking for after they came up with the idea of building a hitchhiking robot.
HitchBOT is built with cheap household items.Thanks to a PC tablet,GPS tracker and camera,hitchBOT not only can send its thoughts and pictures to the general public,but also can answer general questions and keep drivers entertained with small talks.The smart robot is even able to quote interesting facts about the areas it has passed through.
Not surprisingly,many people are doubtful about hitchBOT's ability.Most people think the cute robot will be damaged by someone.Actually,they are all wrong.The robot hitchhiked all the way from Halifax,Nova Scotia,to Victoria,British Columbia,a distance of 3,700miles.It was first picked up on July 27th by an elderly couple.It not only reached its destination on August 21st,but also had some amazing adventures along the way.It visited national parks,went fishing,went camping,and even attended a wedding where it experienced its first dance and interrupted the bride's speech.
In addition to helping it get to its destination,its Canadian fans have gone out to ensure its safety from covering the robot with a plastic cape (披肩) to help keep it dry to ensuring that it stays healthy with motor oil.
24.Why is the hitchhiking robot built?B
A.To help passers-by reach their destinations.
B.To find out how people might react to it.
C.To see if it will give rides to strangers.
D.To entertain drivers on their way.
25.The hitchBOT can do all of the following exceptD.
A.talking with the driver    
B.dancing with people
C.sending its thoughts and pictures 
D.answering any question raised
26.How long did it take the hitchBOT to reach its destination?A
A.Nearly a month.    
B.Over one month.   
C.Two months.
D.One week.
27.What can we learn about the hitchBOT?C
A.It was ignored by an elderly couple.
B.It didn't meet with any danger along the way.
C.It experienced a long and amazing journey.
D.It will be put into the market quickly.
6.The Toyota Prius hybrids adapted by Google's engineers have covered 300,000 miles on the roads of California without a human at the wheel,but with only one accident by a human-controlled car.It's clear that driverless cars are much safer than human-controlled ones.40,000 people are killed every year in road accidents in the US,many of which are caused by human error.Besides,driverless vehicles could make better use of the road and reduce the size of car parks,too.
With technology,a machine can perform a complex task without human involvement This means our thought about what machines can and cannot do needs updating urgently.
However,ignore the beautiful words and think about what Google has done.This isn't just about care.Economists are increasingly puzzled by the fact that the rate of job-creation is much lower than expected and the length of time for which people are unemployed has rocketed to 40 weeks twice as long as that during any previous postwar recovery.Economic theory says that when companies begin to grow or become profitable again,they buy equipment and hire workers.But that isn't happening.Companies are still buying equipment,but they're not employing workers.
So where did the jobs go?Andrew McAfee explains his view in his new book Race Against the Machine."Advances in self-driving car by Google represent the next wave of job-eliminating technology.Many skills (such as driving) may eventually become worthless,at least in the job market."
And as for those thinking that driverless cars might appeal to most motorists,there is the uncomfortable fact that the car has peaked.We are driving less year on year.Traffic jams reduce the romance from driving.And young people no longer have the desire to own cars like they used to.
71.According to the first paragraph,driverless vehicles areD
A.faster                           B.lighter        
C.smaller                          D.safer
72.The underlined word"updating"in the second paragraph means"B".
A.abandoning                       B.renewing           
C.starting                         D.returning
73.The third paragraph suggests thatA
A.technology doesn't ease the pressure on employment
B.companies gain profit by employing more workers
C.it takes people less time to find a job than before
D.people will see another economic recovery in future
74.What will be the influence of driverless cars according to Andrew McAfee?D
A.The economic recovery is to be sped up.
B.Many companies may make higher profits.
C.Traditional skills will be improved.
D.More people may lose their jobs.
75.The last paragraph tells us that the car industryA.
A.will be given up by young people
B.is lo blame for traffic jams
C.is reaching the highest point
D.will expand in all directions.

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