题目内容
The criminal ______ fire to a store and after a moment the whole store ______fire.
A. made a; lit a B. set a; caught C. caught; was on D. set; was on
D
The idea of “law” exists in every culture. All societies have some kind of law to keep order and to control the interactions of people with those around them. The laws of any culture tell people three things: what they can do (their right), what they must do (their duties), and what they may not do. In addition, there are usually specific types of punishment for those who break the law.
Although all societies have laws, not all have the same idea of justice—which is “right” and “wrong” and how “wrong” should be punished. In most Western cultures, it is thought that punishing criminals will prevent them from committing other crimes. Also, it is hoped that the fear of punishment will act as a deterrent(威慑) that prevents other people from committing similar crimes; in other words, people who are considering a life of crime will decide against it because of fear of punishment. In most non-Western cultures, by contrast, punishment is not seen as a deterrent. Instead, great importance is placed on restoring balance in the situation. A thief, for example, may be ordered to return the things he has stolen instead of, as in Western societies, spending time in prison.
Another difference in the concept of justice lies in various societies’ ideas of what laws are. In the West, people consider “laws” quite different from “customs”. There is also a great contrast between “sins” (breaking religious laws) and “crimes” (breaking laws of the government). In many non-Western cultures, on the other hand, there is little separation of customs, laws, and religious beliefs; in other cultures, these three may be quite separate from one another, but still very much different from those in the West. For these reasons, an action may be considered a crime in one country, but be socially acceptable in others. For instance, although a thief is viewed as a criminal in much of the world, in a small village where there is considerable communal（公共的） living and sharing of objects, the word thief may have little meaning. Someone who has taken something without asking is simply considered an impolite person.
Most countries have two kinds of law: criminal and civil. People who have been accused of acts such as murder or theft are heard in the criminal justice system, while civil justice deals with people who are believed to have violated others’ rights. The use of the civil system reflects the values of the society in which it exists. In the United States where personal, individual justice is considered very important, civil law has become “big business.” There are over 600,000 lawyers in the United States, and many of them keep busy with civil lawsuits; that is, they work for people who want to sue others. If a man falls over a torn rug in a hotel and breaks his arm, for instance, he might decide to sue the hotel owners so that they will pay his medical costs. In a country like Japan, by contrast, there is very little use of the civil justice system. Lawsuits are not very popular in Japan, where social harmony is even more important than individual rights, and where people would rather reach agreement outside court.
【小题1】 The main point of paragraph 1 is that____.
| A．all societies, Western or non-Western, have some kind of law to keep order. |
| B．most countries in the world have two kinds of law “criminal and civil ” |
| C．there are usually specific types of punishment for those who break the law. |
| D．the laws of any culture dictate people’s rights, duties and what they are not supposed to do |
| A．Punishment has double functions. |
| B．A thief may be referred to as an impolite person. |
| C．Punishment is not regarded as a deterrent. |
| D．There is lots of communal living and sharing of objects. |
| A．In the West, people think laws and customs are rather different. |
| B．In the West, there is little difference between “sins” and “crimes”. |
| C．An action that is considered a crime in one country may be socially acceptable in another. |
| D．There is far less use of the civil justice system in Japan than in the United States. |
| A．Robbing a pedestrian. | B．Kidnapping people for ransom. |
| C．Breaking into a bank. | D．Failing to pay back the money. |
Around the World in Eighty Days is a classic Adventure novel by Jules Verne. The story starts in London in 1872. One day in the Reform Club, Phileas Fogg, a wealthy gentleman, accepts a wager(赌注) for £20,000, which he will receive if he travels around the world in 80 days.
Phileas Fogg sets off immediately, with his servant Passepartout. They reach Suez(苏伊士) quickly. While landing in Egypt, he is watched by a British detective named Fix, who is in search of a bank robber. Because Fix mistakes Fogg for the criminal, he follows secretly, as they are getting on a ship to Bombay.
After more than 20-days of travelling, they arrive in San Francisco, and then get on the train to New York. During that trip, the train is attacked by Indians, who take Passepartout away. With some soldiers’ help, Fogg succeeds in freeing his companion. To make up for the lost time, Fogg and his companion hasten on to New York, and catch the steamer for the crossing of the Atlantics. They arrive in Ireland in time to reach London before the deadline. However, once on British soil again, Fix arrests Fogg. Although the misunderstanding is quickly cleared up—the actual bank robber had been caught several days earlier. Fogg has missed the train and returns to London five minutes late, sure that he has lost the wager.
However, the next day Fogg learns from the priest that he is mistaken in the date, which he thinks Sunday but which actually is Saturday, due to the fact that they gained a full day on their journey around the globe, by crossing the International Date Line. Fogg immediately sets off for the Reform Club, where he arrives just in time to win the wager.
【小题1】The reason that Fix wants to arrest Phileas Fogg is that .
| A．Phileas Fogg is the bank robber whom Fix is trying to catch |
| B．Phileas Fogg doesn’t have a passport for his travels |
| C．Fix mistakenly takes Phileas Fogg for the bank robber |
| D．Fix intends to prevent Fogg from winning the wager |
| A．travelling across the continent of America |
| B．rescuing his companion from the Indians |
| C．waiting for the ship back to London |
| D．getting rid of the pursuing of Fix |
| A．No. Because he doesn’t get to the Reform Club before the deadline. |
| B．Yes. Because he is not the bank robber； it’s a misunderstanding. |
| C．No. Because he wastes too much time during his trip. |
| D．Yes. Because he arrives at the Reform Club before the deadline. |