题目内容
3.People tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship.Thus many are convinced their dreams are known ahead of time because a few have come true; they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not.Consider also the belief that"the phone always rings when I'm in the shower."If it does ring while you do it,the event will stand out and be remembered.If it doesn't ring,that thing probably won't even be remembered.
People want to see order,pattern and meaning in the world.Consider,for example,the common belief that things like personal misfortunes,plane crashes,and deaths"happen in threes."Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period.If three plane crashes occur in a month,then the period of time that counts as their"happening together"is one month; if three crashes occur in a year,the period of time is stretched.Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.
We also tend to believe what we want to believe.A majority of people think they are more intelligent,more fair-minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average person.Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage.As economist Thomas Schelling explains,"Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values:careful drivers give weight to care,skilled drivers give weight to skill,and those who are polite give weight to courtesy,"This way everyone ranks high on his own scale.
Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious in drawing conclusions.The"evidence"of everyday life is sometimes misleading.
144.In the first paragraph the author states thatA.
A.dreams cannot be said to be prophetic even though a few have come true.
B.dreams are prophetic did come true.
C.dreams may come true if clearly remembered.
D.dreams and reality are closely related.
145.By"things like…""happen in threes"(Para.3,Line 2),the author indicates that people believeC.
A.personal misfortunes tend to happen every now and then.
B.personal misfortunes,plane crashes,and deaths usually happen together.
C.misfortunes tend to occur according to certain patterns.
D.misfortunes will never occur more than three times to a person in his lifetime.
146.The word"courtesy"(Para.4,Line 6)probably meansA.
A.good manners B.appropriate speech
C.friendly relations. D.satisfactory service.
147.What can be inferred from the passageA.
A.Happenings that go unnoticed deserve more attention.
B.In a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious.
C.People tend to make use of evidence that supports their own beliefs.
D.Believers of misfortunes happening in threes are cautious in interpreting events.
148.It can be concluded from the passage thatD.
A.there is some truth even in the wildest dreams.
B.one should take notice of other people's merits.
C.there is no order or pattern in world events.
D.we should not base our conclusions on accidental evidence.
分析 本文讲述了人们普遍认为世界上所发生的事情总具有一定的规律性,但是我们不应将结论建立在偶然的证据基础上.
解答 ACAAD
144.A 根据第一段Thus many are convinced their dreams are known ahead of time because a few have come true; they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not.可见作者不赞同那些因为少数梦变成了现实就认为梦具有预言性的人,指出这些人忽视了还有许多梦并未变成现实的事实.所以A项正确.
145.C 根据第三段"People want to see order,pattern and meaning in the world."和"the common belief that things like personal misfortunes,plane crashes,and deaths‘happen in threes'."可知人们普遍认为世界上所发生的事情总具有一定的规律性.所以C项正确.
146.A courtesy意思是"言谈举止谦恭有礼",即使不认识这个词,也可以从句子"Everybody ranks himself…polite give weight to courtesy."中得知courtesy和polite有关.
147.A 根据第一段People tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship.和最后一段Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious in drawing conclusions.The"evidence"of everyday life is sometimes misleading.分析可知那些不被注意的事情更应该多加关注,A项为正确答案.
148.D 文章最后一段点明全文主旨,因此D项:我们不应将结论建立在偶然的证据基础上,是符合全文中心的.
点评 做阅读时经常犯错的主要原因是,仅凭读过文章后残留在脑海中的一丝印象来勾选答案,这样便很容易掉入出题人故意设布下的题目陷阱.所谓阅读理解,对于题目的理解一定要忠实于原文,因此,每一道题都应该与原文作全面的对比与核查,再得出答案.也就是说,阅读理解的每一道题目,在原文都应该有明确的出处,我们把这一出处叫做原文相关句,(1)排除与原文相关句主题不一致的选项(2)排除与原文相关句态度相反的选项 (3)排除用于过于极端或负面的选项(4)注意结合文章主旨和主题去排除.
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First of all,students need to realize that conflict is (53)D.A report indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor (54)C.For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. (55)D
Dthe sandwich can lead to insults,which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isn't in the sandwich,but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable,they can (56)B the golden rule of conflict resolution:stay calm.Once the student feels calmer,he should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand,(57)A words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down,they can use another key(58)B for conflict resolution:listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side,and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterward,the listener can ask non-threatening questions to make the speaker's position clear.Then the two people should change (59)C.
(60)D,students need to consider what they are hearing.This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to (61)A.For example,a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these:How did this start?What do I really want?What am I afraid of?As the issue becomes (62)B,the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesn't,(63)D thought helps both sides figure out a better solution.
After students started a conflict resolution,there has been an increase in student (64)A.Learning to resolve conflicts can help students(65)C friends,teachers,parents,bosses and coworkers.In that way,conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
51.A.As a result | B.In fact | C.By contrast | D.On the contrary | |
52.A.conflict | B.lives | C.relationships | D.affairs | |
53.A.violent | B.global | C.unresolved | D.unavoidable | |
54.A.remark | B.assumption | C.insult | D.resolution | |
55.A.Preferencefor | B.Particularity about | C.Complaint over | D.Laughter over | |
56.A.interpret | B.practice | C.assess | D.bend | |
57.A.soft | B.tough | C.critical | D.clear | |
58.A.measure | B.strategy | C.assessment | D.application | |
59.A.responses | B.attitudes | C.roles | D.intentions | |
60.A.Contrarily | B.Relatively | C.Consequently | D.Finally | |
61.A.accomplish | B.ignore | C.foresee | D.seek | |
62.A.wider | B.clearer | C.more complex | D.more critical | |
63.A.unselfish | B.initial | C.inspiring | D.careful | |
64.A.cooperation | B.argument | C.gratitude | D.support | |
65.A.admire | B.select | C.deal with | D.back up |
A. | consisted | B. | allowed | C. | approved | D. | informed |