All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy, happy and help them to live longer.
Sports change with the season. People play different games in winter and summer.
Games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday activities. The Arab use horses or camels in much of their daily life; they use them in their sports, too.
Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers.
Some sports or games go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese boxing, for example , has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. People are inventing new sports or games all the time.
People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game they often become good friends. Sports help to train a person’s character(性格品质). One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace(体面).
【小题1】According to this passage we know that ________.

A.people began to play about one hundred years ago
B.about 100 years ago people ran or jumped when they played
C.basketball has a long history than volleyball
D.not all the games have long history
【小题2】According to the passage, which of the following isn’t true?______
A.Sports help to train a person’s character.
B.People swim only because there are a lot of rivers in their country.
C.People from different countries may not be able to understand each other before a game.
D.Sports and games can develop the friendship between people all over the world.
【小题3】The writer didn’t tell us in this passage that ______.
A.basketball was invented in America
B.sports change with seasons
C.games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday activities
D.football is played all over the world

Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and force students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."
Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.
"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."
"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes(模式化形象) and strengthened stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural resistance."
The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
【小题1】What can we learn from some recent studies?

A.Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.
B.Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
C.Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.
D.Interracial lodging does more harm than good.
【小题2】What does the Indiana University study show?
A.Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.
B.Roommates of different races just don't get along.
C.Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.
D.Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.
【小题3】What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?
A.The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
B.Students of different races are required to share a room.
C.Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.
D.Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.
【小题4】What can be inferred from Grace Kao’s saying about interracial lodging?
A.Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.
B.Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.
C.Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.
D.It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.

 

    Great leaders are almost always great simplifiers, who cut through argument, debate and doubt to offer a solution everybody can understand and remember.Churchill warned the British to expect “blood, toil, tears and sweat”; Roosevelt told the Americans that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”; Lenin promised the war-weary Russians peace, land and bread.Straightforward but effective messages.

We have an image of what a leader ought to be.We even recognize the physical signs; leaders may not necessarily be tall, but they must have bigger-than-life, commanding features -- Lyndon Baines Johnson’s nose and ear lobes, Ike’s broad grin.A trade-mark also comes in handy; Lincoln’s stovepipe hat, Kennedy’s rocking chair.We expect our leaders to stand out a little, not to be like an ordinary man.Half of President Ford’s trouble lay on the fact that, if you closed your eyes for a moment, you couldn’t remember his face, figure of clothes.A leader should have an unforgettable identity, instantly and permanently fixed in people’s minds.

It also helps for a leader to be able to do something most of us can’t: FDR overcame polio; Mao swam the Yangtze River at the age of 72. We don’t want our leaders to be "just like us." We want them to be like us but better, special more so. Yet if they are too different, we reject them.

A Chinese philosopher once remarked that a leader must have the grace of a good dancer, and there is a great deal of wisdom to this. A leader should know how to appear relaxed and confident. His walks should be firm and purposeful. He should be able, like Lincoln, Roosevelt, Truman, Lke and JFK, to give a good, hearty, belly laugh, instead of the sickly grin that passes for good humor in Nixon or Carter. Ronald Reagan’s training as an actor showed to good effect in the debate with Carter, when by his easy manner and apparent affability, he managed to convey the impression that in fact he was the president and Carter the challenger.

The every simple truth about leadership is that people can only be led where they want to go. The leader follows, though a step ahead. Americans wanted to climb out of the Depression and needed someone to tell them they could do it, and Roosevelt did. The British believed that they could still win the war after the defeats of 1940, and Churchill told them they were right.

A leader rides the waves, moves with the tides, understands the deepest yearning of his people. He cannot make a nation that wants peace at any price go to war, or stop a nation determined to fight from doing so. His purpose must match the national mood.

1.The underlined word “yearning” in the last paragraph probably means_________.

         A.love    B.trouble       C.desire         D.feeling

2.From the fourth paragraph we can learn that_________.

         A.leaders usually look special or different

         B.leaders don’t have to be tall

         C.most leaders look ordinary

         D.leaders should always have trademarks

3.According to the article, a leader_________.

         A.usually tries to simplify our messages

         B.tell us what we want to hear

         C.encourages us to think about things in a new way

         D.is usually confident and handsome

4.From the passage we can infer that          .

         A.it helps for a leader to be able to dance or act well

         B.great leaders are usually totally different from us

         C.Carter was humorous and made good speeches

         D.it is the people rather than the president that makes what a nation is

5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

         A.Want to be a leader?

         B.What makes a leader?

         C.What does a leader look like?

         D.What must a leader do?

 

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