题目内容

概要写作

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

With global warming and melting ice, it isn’t easy being a polar bear anymore. Some studies have predicted that polar bears could die out by the end of the century. The good news is not all researchers think the bears are absolutely disappearing. Scientists at the American Museum of Natural History(AMNH) have published a new paper indicating that things might not be as bad for polar bears as some scientists expect.

To understand the reason for the researchers’ cautious optimism, we must first understand the factors that are threatening the polar bear’s existence. Polar bears consume a diet of mainly young seals. In order to hunt these seals, polar bears need to rest at the top of sea ice---the same ice that is increasingly melting for most of the year thanks to climate change. In another 50 years, experts expect that the Arctic will be too warm for sea ice to form for half of the year, leaving polar bears without a reliable food source and in serious danger of starvation.

As it turns out, alternative food sources for the polar bears aren’t completely out of the question. For as long as biologists have tailed after the animals, they’ve seen polar bears eating animals found on land like caribou(驯鹿) and snow geese---as well as the snow geese’s eggs.

Can polar bears actually survive off these alternative food sources for long periods of time? To figure this out, researchers calculated the nutrients that a caribou and snow geese diet would provide. They found that even adult male polar bears would be able to obtain more calories than they would burn in hunting these meals. Moreover, the food would provide the food necessary to avoid starvation during the summer months.

Unfortunately, not all polar bears have tended to seek food on land. That said, the researchers expect that necessity would push more polar bears to hunt on land to avoid starvation. They also expect that the bears could learn from their fellow bears how to hunt on land until the practice becomes second nature.

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阅读理解。

A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well, just playing…right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists(心理学家)have argued that this“play”is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.

Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,itfalls to the ground—and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact (相互作用); bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).

Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way—that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.

Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it,”It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”

1.According to some developmental psychologists, .

A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game.

B. scientific research into babies’ games is possible

C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated

D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment

2.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .

A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently

B. scientists and babies often interact with each other

C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support

D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do

3.Children may learn the rules of language by .

A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology

C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors

4.What is themain idea of the last paragraph?

A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.

B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.

C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.

D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.

5.What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?

A. Convincing. B. Confused.

C. Confident. D. Cautious.

阅读理解。

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively ___________ work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the ___________, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, ___________ , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from ___________ without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of ___________ people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to ___________ to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general ___________. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional ___________ managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without ___________ managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: ___________ the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be ___________ with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has ___________ been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to ___________ that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another trend is off-site or ___________ management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the ___________ of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.

1.A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike

2.A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme

3.A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise

4.A. outside B. inside C. below D. above

5.A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging

6.A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply

7.A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression

8.A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male

9.A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing

10.A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating

11.A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared

12.A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally

13.A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure

14.A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene

15.A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness

完形填空

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

My father often works very hard. And he has _________ to see a film. Here I’ll tell you _________ about him.

One afternoon, when he finished his work and _________ go home, he found a film ticket under the _________ on his desk. He thought he _________ to have not much work to do that day and _________ was quite wonderful to pass the _________ at the cinema. So he came back home and _________ finished his supper. Then he said _________ to us and left.

But to our _________ , he came back about half an hour later, I _________ him what was the matter. He smiled and told us about _________ funny thing that had happened at the cinema.

When my father was sitting in his seat, a _________ came to my father’s and said that the seat was _________ . My father was surprised. He took out the ticket _________ looked at it carefully. It was Row17, _________ . And then he looked at the seat. It was the same. So he asked her _________ her ticket. She took out the ticket at once and the seat shown in it was Row 17, Seat 3. _________ ? What’s the matter with all this? While they were wondering suddenly the woman said, “The _________ of the tickets are different.” So they looked at the ticket more carefully. After a while, my father said, “Oh, _________ , I made a mistake. My ticket is for the film a month ago. Take this seat, please.” With these words, he left the cinema.

1.A. little money B. much money C. little time D. much time

2.A. a funny story B. a good story C. an old story D. a strange story

3.A. was to B. was about to C. had to D. ought

4.A. box B. book C. glass D. paper

5.A. happened B. liked C. pretended D. wanted

6.A. it B. this C. that D. which

7.A. morning B. afternoon C. day D. evening

8.A. early B. quietly C. quickly D. suddenly

9.A. hello B. good-bye C. good evening D. good night

10.A. disappointment B. joy C. sorrow D. surprise

11.A. asked B. explained C. told D. wanted

12.A. a B. one C. some D. the

13.A. man B. woman C. doctor D. nurse

14.A. hers B. his C. taken D. wrong

15.A. and B. but C. or D. so

16.A. Seat1 B. Seat2 C. Seat3 D. Seat4

17.A. it bring B. to get C. to see D. to show

18.A. Why B. How C. When D. where

19.A. designs B. colors C. prices D. owners

20.A. I’m sad B. I’m sorry C. I’m wrong D. I’m worried

An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son.

Suddenly a crow(乌鸦)perched on the tree near their window.

The father asked his son, ''What is this? ''

The son replied, ''It is a crow. ''

After a few minutes, the father asked his son the 2nd time, ''What is this? ''

The son said, ''Father, I have just now told you 'It's a crow'. ''

After a little while, the old father again asked his son the 3rd time, ''What is this? ''

''It's a crow, a crow, a crow.'' said the son loudly.

A little after, the father again asked his son the 4th time, ''What is this? ''

This time the son shouted at his father, ''Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? 'IT IS A CROW'. Are you not able to understand this? ''

A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:

''Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel annoyed; I rather felt affection for my innocent child. ''

1. In what tone did the son say to his Father ''It's a crow, a crow, a crow. ''?

A. concerned B. anxious

C. impatient D. astonished

2.Why did the Father ask his son the same question again and again?

A. Because he couldn't understand what his son said.

B. Because he wanted to see how patient his son would be.

C. Because he wanted to make his son angry.

D. Because he was too old to remember anything.

3.How old was the old man when his son asked him 23 times ''What is this''?

A. 80 years old. B. 45 years old.

C. 35years old. D. 38 years old.

4.Where is the article most probably taken from?

A. Travel journal B. a collection of poetry

C. Newspaper D. a short story collection

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Cats are those cute creatures that we love having in our homes. 1. If you don’t know the advantages yet, I can enlighten(启发) you. All you got to do is to read below. Come on, it is worth your time.

1. They are great hang-out buddies(伙伴).

Are you too sad about sleeping alone every night? On a cold and cozy night, you can hug your kitty friend and keep yourself warm. Similarly if you just want to hang out doing nothing, your pet cat will be more than ready to give you company. 2.

2. They are clean and healthy.

Cats don’t litter anywhere unlike dogs. Once you train them, they will use a litter box effectively. 3. They are cleanliness creatures, so you don’t have to worry about them dirtying your house.

3. They can look after themselves

Cats are independent animals. They don’t require you to constantly run after them. They can easily take care of themselves and clean themselves up. You don’t even have to give them a bath everyday, they clean themselves really well.

4. 4.

Cats are perfect for you if you are a laid-back kind of a person. If you are a little lazy and don’t have the energy to run after your pet all the time, cats are perfect for you.

5. You can dress them up.

If you like dressing up, you can dress up your cat as well. You can wash their fur and dress them up. It will just add to their attractions.

5. You will love having this new family member in your house.

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When Glen Kruger picked a small cat from an animal shelter, he did not expect much. Yet right from the start, eight years ago, there was an uncommon connection between him and the small black cat. He _________ her Inky.

“ I grew up on a hundred-acre farm and had only cats _________ playmates,” Kruger, the seventy-year-old man, says. “My hearing was damaged by the _________ of farm equipment, so I learned to connect with _________ . They react to what they see and what you do.”

Inky was a gentle cat, _________the house with five other cats. But on a January night in 2009, Inky did _________that would set her apart from _________ cats forever.

Kruger had gone down to the basement (地下室) to _________ the wood stove(炉子) for the night. When he finished, he _________ to the top of the stairs and reached to turn off the lights. In doing so, he slipped (滑到) and _________ his back against an old shelf. The heavy shelf came crashing down and sent Kruger down the stairs.

_________ in a pool of blood on the basement floor, Kruger felt _________ going into shock(休克). He shouted for help , _________ his wife, Brenda , was asleep in their bedroom at the opposite end of the house. _________Kruger noticed Inky watching from the top of the stairs.

“Go get Brenda, ” Kruger said to Inky.

Inky _________to the bedroom door and scratched(抓,挠) _________until Brenda opened it. Then Inky led her to the _________ . Brenda found her husband _________ the stairs and called 911. Kruger was rushed to the hospital. “I spent six months_________ there,” says Kruger. “Although I became lame, I was blessed.” Since the accident, Inky has_________ left Kruger’ s side.

1.A. gave B. named C. chose D. remembered

2.A. like B. except C. as D. Among

3.A. sound B. alarm C. noise D. voice

4.A. friends B. animals C. farmers D. neighbors

5.A. dividing B. visiting C. sharing D. discovering

6.A. anything B. nothing C. everything D. something

7.A. familiar B. lovely C. ordinary D. outstanding

8.A. shut out B. shut off C. shut down D. shut up

9.A. marched B. flew C. struggled D. climbed

10.A. hit B. bent C. shook D. pulled

11.A. Falling B. Lying C. Appearing D. Thinking

12.A. it B. itself C. him D. himself

13.A. but B. and C. or D. so

14.A. Otherwise B. Then C. Thus D. Rather

15.A. walked B. ran C. returned D. withdrew

16.A. madly B. suddenly C. rapidly D. urgently

17.A. bedroom B. basement C. yard D. house

18.A. at the bottom ofB. in the middle of C. at the top of D. in the front of

19.A. regretting B. recovering C. relaxing D. resting

20.A. ever B. never C. still D. already

When Charles Stratton was five, he stopped growing.His mother took him to see the famous showman, P.T.Barnum.Mr..Barnum thought a small person would be the perfect addition to his show.He hired Charles' parents along with him, and they traveled the world together.

He gave the two-foot-tall Charles a name, General Tom Thumb. He taught Tom how to sing, dance, act and tell jokes.When he felt Tom was ready to perform on stage, he made up ads.To stir up great interest, he said that Tom was eleven years old and had come from England.

During the show, Tom fought battles pretendedly with tall people.He also danced upon a wooden plate held by a person who was eight feet tall.Tom's act was very popular and brought in a lot of money.By the time Tom was an adult, he had grown very rich.He had become a billionaire at the age of twenty five.

Fortunately for Tom, Mr..Barnum added more little people to his show, and Tom became lucky in love as well.One of the little people was Lavinia Warren, a schoolteacher.Tom was able to win her love, and they married.

The ceremony and reception were the talk of the town.They were attended by many rich and famous people and by about 2000 guests.Crowds filled the streets of New York to have a look at their tiny wedding marriage.The couple even met with President Abraham Lincoln on their honeymoon just before going to live in Tom's house in Connecticut.

Their wedding, which took place during the Civil War, provided a welcome escape from the sad problems of war.Not willing to let this bit of sunshine fade, communities throughout the country sponsored "Tom Thumb" weddings.In these weddings, small boys and girls, all dressed up, went through marriage ceremony for fun.

1.The underlined words "talk of the town" means________.

A. it was in the newspaper

B. it was the most popular topic

C. people spread bad rumors about it

D. it was discussed in a city meeting

2.Which one of the following statements is true according to the text?

A. Charles mother took him to see the famous showman because he stopped growing.

B. Tom had to fight with others during the show.

C. Tom’s wedding ceremony helped people cheer up in a dark time.

D. Tom and his mother came from England.

3.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Weddings always make people feel full of sunshine.

B. People are always disappointed during war time.

C. Entertainment can serve an important purpose.

D. People should be married when they are small children.

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