Question

The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics，many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes，may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine(尼古丁)，new research suggests.

“People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk，” Dr.Jennifer  M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，” she said.

This finding may seem counterintuitive(违反直觉的)，since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. Chronic(慢性的)smoking，however，is known to have the opposite effect. Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes.

Yet，few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive(认知的)lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association，Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area，including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores.

Upon further research，the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated  with weaker word and space reasoning.

Thus，though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.

1.What is the passage mainly about?

A．Cigarette smoking contributes to decreased IQ and thinking.

B．Alcohol abuse is to blame for the poorer mental function.

C．Most of the alcoholics are also heavy smokers.

D．Non-smokers mostly have higher IQ scores.

2.The underline sentence “Chronic smoking, however, is known to have opposite effect” in paragraph 3  suggests:

A．Chronic smoking can improve mental functioning.

B．Chronic smoking has an immediate influence on mental functioning.

C．Chronic smoking has side effect on mental functioning improvement.

D．Chronic smokers feel quicker and focused after smoking.

3.From the passage we can learn that .

A．cigarette smoking is not related to reasoning

B．nicotine exposure can improve mental functioning temporarily

C．the long term effects of nicotine cause alcoholics

D．men with lower scores on the LAPS have lower IQ scores

4.It can be inferred from the passage that .

A．many alcoholics suffer a great deal from smoking

B．giving up smoking is significantly challenging for the alcoholics

C．alcoholics who do not smoke much have higher IQ scores

D．other factors can cause the poorer mental functioning besides smoking

5.The purpose of this passage is .

A．to warn us of the bad effects of smoking on IQ and thinking

B．to tell us why people are addicted to smoking

C．to give us some advice on how to improve IQ and reasoning

D．to compare the bad effects of alcohol and cigarette

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.A

2.C

3.B

4.D

5.A

【解析】

试题分析：根据调查发现尼古丁对人体神经的长期影响在某种程度上是嗜酒成瘾者智力下降的主要原因，因为他们中很多人同时也是老烟民。尽管抽烟并不是导致嗜酒成瘾者神经系统识别功能降低的全部原因，但确实有一定的影响。提醒人们抽烟对智商和思维能力有消极的影响。

1.这是主旨大意题。根据In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，抽烟对智商和思维能力有消极的影响，故选A。

2.这是细节理解题。因为很多人都觉得在抽完烟后反应会更敏捷，注意力更集中。研究结果显示，抽烟后确实会有短暂的意识功能增强，但这只是尼古丁释放的短暂效果之一。然而，长期抽烟会产生相反的效果。故选C。

3.这是细节理解题。Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure研究结果显示，抽烟后确实会有短暂的意识功能增强故选B。

4.这是推理判断题。根据though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.研究报告认为，尽管抽烟并不是导致嗜酒成瘾者神经系统识别功能降低的全部原因，但确实有一定的影响。故选D。

5.这是写作意图题。抽烟对智商和思维能力有消极的影响。故选A。

考点：这是一篇社会类的文章。

点评：推理判断就是根据作者的意图和倾向来完成相关的问题。 根据你对文章的理解，来判断各个选项的正误。最重要的就是读懂句子的意思，找出文章的中心，这种阅读是深层阅读，但是你最重要的就是找出文章的中心意思，抓住主要句子和相关句子的意思就可以解决了，要注意题目中的一些关键词和文章中的句子的对比，尤其是一些转折词、连词等等。