题目内容

18.When enjoying children's birthdays or a long-expected family holiday,you may usually want to keep those important moments in mind with a photograph.But if you're one of those people who can't stop snapping photos at an important event,beware---you could end up forgetting it all in a flash.
Experts have warned that the addiction to recording every moment of our lives could be having an adverse effect on our memories.
Maryanne Garry,a New Zealand psychology professor,has been studying how the frequent taking of photos might change childhood memories."I think the problem is that people are forgetting to experience the moment,"she says.Parents at the park taking one photo after another of their children,for example,are actually paying less attention to what is happening around them.The picture only captures a small part of the total experience.And because parents remember less about these important events,they become less effective in their role as the key people who help children learn how to talk about their experiences.As a result.children's own childhood memories are reduced.
The idea that we are experiencing less as we record more got psychologist Linda Henkel's thinking.She wanted to explore how photographs shape our memories.
Henkel who researches human memory at Fairfield  University in Connecticut,did an experiment by sending groups of students to the university's art museum.The students observed some objects and photographed others.then,back at the laboratory,they were given a memory test.Henkel found what she called a"photo-taking effect".the students remembered fewer of the objects that they had taken photo of,and they remembered fewer details about those objects.She says her students memories were worse because they were relying on the camera to remember the details for them.
"As soon as you hit‘click'on that camera,it's as if you've decreased your memory."she says.

24.What does the word"it"in Paragraph l refer to?B
A.A child's birthday.
B.An important event,
C.A valuable photograph.
D.A family holiday.
25.How did Henkel develop her theory about the"photo-taking effect"?A
A.By carrying out an experiment.
B.By giving a questionnaire.
C.By interviewing a group of students.
D.By researching the findings of the others.
26.According to Paragraph 3,why are children's memories reduced?D
A.Flash lights are causing children to forget more things.
B.Parents are into listening to children's experiences.
C.Children are more into taking photos than experiencing,
D.Parents are less effective in helping children discuss their experiences.
27.What's the purpose of this passage?B
A.To introduce a new discovery in taking photos.
B.To discuss the effect of photo-taking on memory.
C.To explain how to use cameras in an effective way.
D.To describe the ways of remembering valuable experiences.

分析 本文讲述的是,过多使用照片记录重大事件,会导致孩子的记忆缺失.通过实验来证明摄影对记忆的影响.

解答 BADB
24.B 考查细节理解.根据"it"前的一句话"But if you're one of those people who can't stop snapping photos at an important event"可知,"it"指的是"an important event".故选B.
25.A 考查细节理解.根据"Henkel who researches human memory at Fairfield  University in Connecticut,did an experiment by sending groups of students to the university's art museum"可知,Henkel通过进行实验,来发展理论内容.故选A.
26.D 考查细节理解.根据"And because parents remember less about these important events,they become less effective in their role as the key people who help children learn how to talk about their experiences"可知,因为父母不记得这些重要事件,所以他们帮助孩子讨论孩子们的经历的效果不太好,会导致孩子们的记忆减少.故选D.
27.B 考查细节理解.根据文章内容可知,过多使用照片记录重大事件,会导致孩子的记忆缺失.所以本文是讨论摄影对记忆的影响.故选B.

点评 阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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6.The Cardboard Box Office is a project created by Lilly and Leon Mackie,who recently moved from New Zealand to Sydney,Australia.The transfer left them with a mountain of cardboard boxes,and the arrival of their baby son Orson 10 months ago meant their social lives were"completely altered (改变."So the couple decided to try to make some fun of the situation.
"We started after creating a one-off photo where we wanted to portray the general mess and sleep-deprivation (睡眠) that comes with being new parents,"Lilly Mackie said in an email."People seemed to really love it and asked for more.We had a lot of weekends at home and a stockpile of cardboard so we thought‘Why not?'It went from there."
The Mackies took the first photos in September and have portrayed 14 movies so far,including their versions of"Cast Away"(or"Castababy")and"Jurassic Park"(or"Goo-goo Gaa-gaa-rassic Park").Even"Star Wars"gets the Mackie treatment,with Orson holding a cardboard tube in place of a saber (军刀)and mom sporting impressive Princess Leia-like hair buns (HI made out of brown paper in the photo titled"Wah Wars."
The family usually creates the sets on'Saturdays and posts the whimsical pictures on their blog and Facebook page,which have almost 3,000 fans.Besides cardboard boxes,the photos feature costumes,props (道具),and sets created out of everyday household items,toys,"and three individuals slowly losing their sense,"they joked on their blog.
Leon,a children's book designer at a large publishing company,and Lilly,a stay-at-home mom,are both film buffs and photography fans.The baby is also becoming a connoisseur(鉴赏家)of movies and cardboard boxes.
"Orson seems to find the photo shoots quite fascinating and enjoys exploring the sets-and tearing things apart.There's never a dull moment for him on Saturday nights,"Lilly said."When he gets a little older,we'11 bring in a lot more of his input,asking for his ideas on films and sets.Make it a real family thing.I think he may come up with some quite funny things."

28.The original reason why the Mackies create family movies is thatD.
A.they want to earn a great deal of money            
B.both of them are children's book designers
C.they have no friends in their new community
D.they want to make their family life interesting
29.What do we know about the Mackies'family movies?C
A.They are usually made on Sundays.
B.They are not popular on the Internet.
C.Some of them are made based on famous films.
D.They are mainly about early childhood education.
30.Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word"whimsical"in Paragraph 4?A
A.Unusual.
B.Valuable.
C.Famous.
D.Disgusting.
31.What's the final purpose of the Mackies'making family movies?C
A.To teach audiences how to make films.
B.To prove their baby is very bright.
C.To develop Orson's skills in art.
D.To make themselves.famous.
13.It may come as a shock to owners,but dogs hate being hugged,a study has shown.
Animal psychologists say dogs feel stressed and unhappy when they are hugged by their owners,because it stops them being able to run away.
In a study which analysed 25 pictures of dogs as they were being hugged,eight out of 10animals looked clearly uncomfortable.
Experts at The Kennel Club,and Battersea Dogs & Cats Home,also agreed that owners should not treat their dogs like children,because most pets did not like to be hugged.
The new study was carried out by Dr Stanley Coren,a professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia.He analysed images of dogs being hugged by adults and children he found on the Internet,looking for signs of stress.
At an extreme end,when a dog is especially anxious it shows its teeth or may bite,but Dr Coren said there are other signs that it may be uncomfortable but they are small and not obvious.
Signs of stress include the dog folding its ears down,half-moon eyes or turning its head away to avoid eye contact.If the dog has its eyes closed,it could also be a sign of anxiety.Open its mouth or raising one paw is another warning sign.
"The clear suggestion to come out of this research is to save your hugs for your two-footed family members and lovers.
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"Some people think that giving their dog a hug is a nice thing to do,but the reality is that a family pet will often tolerate a hug but doesn't like it.
"On the whole dogs are sociable animals and love communicating with people,but any action that restricts a dog's movement could make them uncomfortable and it is important for an owner to recognize the signs of stress or anxiety."

9.According to the study,what might a dog not feel when it is being hugged?C
A.Stressed.
B.Uncomfortable.
C.Shocked.
D.Unhappy.
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A.Showing its teeth
B.Folding its ears down.
C.Raising one paw.
D.Keeping eye contact.
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A.Hug their family members more.
B.Stop touching their dogs.
C.Stop treating their dogs as friends.
D.Leave their dogs alone.
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3.Section B (10 marks)
Directions:Read the following passage.Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage.Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?
Why Difficult?
When we wrong someone we know,even not intentionally,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstances are different.The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony-while an apology that is too little,too late,or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin.What,then,is to be done?How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?
Why Now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent.During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture-apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.More articles,cartoons,advice columns,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.
Why Bother?
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Why Refuse?
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-→•Public apology is much more than a(an)(61)personal/individualact.
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•Apologies not (63)properly/appropriately/successfully/rightlyoffered can bring on individual and institutional ruin.
Why has the issue of public apology been so(64)urgentnow in USA?-→•In an (65)apology culture,admission of all sorts of wrongdoings is more required than before.
•The(66)growing importanceof public apologies has been widely reported in the mass media.
-→•Being public figures,leaders are supposed to appear (67)strong and capable.
•There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader to (68)express apology/apologizein public.-→•Making apologies is likely to be personally uncomfortable and  (69)(even) professionally risky.
•Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do (70)damage/harmto their organization.

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