根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red? 1.. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. 2.. If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.

3.. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. 4. . A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area---until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.

5. . It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.

A. On the other hand, black is depressing.

B. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as grow up --- we are born with our preference.

C. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.

D. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement.

E. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.

F. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.

G. Colours do influence our moods---there is no doubt about it

Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.

Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.

People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e. g. , “I volunteer because it's important to me”) to an external factor ( e. g. ,“I volunteer because I'm required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.

Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.

Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am. ” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.

1.People volunteer mainly out of ________.

A.academic requirements B.social expectations

C.financial rewards D.internal needs

2.What can we learn from the Florida study?

A.Follow-up studies should last for one year.

B.Volunteers should get mentally prepared.

C.Strategy training is a must in research.

D.Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.

3.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?

A.Individual differences in role identity.

B.Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.

C.Role identity as a volunteer.

D.Practical advice from researchers.

4.What is the best title of the passage?

A.How to Get People to Volunteer.

B.How to Study Volunteer Behaviors.

C.How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest.

D.How to Organize Volunteer Activities.

阅读理解。

What looks like an angry old man and lives at the bottom of the ocean? It’s the world’s ugliest animal---the blobfish(水滴鱼).

Its strange skin is shaped by its habitat. It lives 800 meters below the ocean’s surface, a depth where very few other creatures can survive.

Most fishes have a swim bladder(鱼鳔), which is filled with gas and helps them stay afloat. At the depth that the blobfish live, water pressure is 80 times higher than that at higher sea levels and any swim bladder wouldn’t be able to serve its purpose.

The blobfish don’t have a swim bladder because their skin works the same way. It helps them stay afloat without having to use any energy.

The blobfish have a pretty relaxed attitude towards eating. All they do is stay and wait for crabs or lobsters to come by.

Since the blobfish like to eat crabs and lobsters, they often get caught in nets that are used to catch lobsters or crabs and end up dying or being killed. They are not suitable for eating so they are useless for fishermen.

There’s a purpose behind the blobfish’s new title; it has become the new mascot for the Ugly Animal Preservation Society, an organization whose purpose is to preserve endangered ugly animals.

“We’ve needed an ugly face for endangered ugly animals for a long time and I’ve been amazed by the public reaction,” said the Society’s Simon Watt. “For too long cute animals have taken the limelight(风头) but now the blobfish will be a voice for those who always get forgotten.”They hope this new face will help the world know that we need to help preserve the populations of ugly animals too.

1.The biggest difference between the blobfish and most other fishes is that the blobfish_____ .

A. cannot be eaten by people

B. don’t have a swim bladder

C. only live at high sea levels

D. aren’t active in catching food

2.What makes the blobfish stay afloat?

A. Their skin. B. Their tail.

C. Their mouth. D. Their swim bladder.

3.We can learn from what Simon Watt said that _____ .

A. most ugly animals are in danger

B. the population of the blobfish is increasing

C. the blobfish have attracted the public’s attention

D. people knew nothing about the blobfish in the past

阅读理解。

Though the facts that too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year are not in argument, we always begin the discussion of "population as global issue" with what most persons mean like this. It was quite right to compare demographic growth to "a long, thin powder fuse(导火线)that bums steadily and hesitatingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes".

To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility(生育)in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.

This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden

enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.

Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and 1975, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And the population reached 6.2 billion throughout the world by the year 2000, One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world's population, At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 800000,000 persons annually.

1.The underlined word "demographic" in Paragraph l means.

A. extinction of human

B. statistics of human population

C. death rate of human

D. development of human population

2. Which of the following demographic growth patterns is most similar to the long thin powder fuse?

A. A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.

B. Too many people on earth and a few rapid increases in the number added each year.

C. A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.

D. A long period when death rates exceed birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower

mortality.

3.During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because .

A. only one in ten persons could live past 40.

B. our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children

C. there was higher mortality than fertility in most places

D. it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions

4. The author of the passage intends to .

A. warn people against the population explosion in the near future

B. find out the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years

C. present us a brief and clear picture of the demographic growth

D. compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650

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