题目内容

University of Cambridge, ______ in 1209, is home to a great number of outstanding figures．

A．foundB．foundingC．foundedD．to be founded

C

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Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a series of discomfort for their fellows. Medical scientists have expressed their concern about effect of smoking on the health not only of those who smoke but also those who do not smoke. In fact, non-smokers who take in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves. A great number of students are trying to persuade the university to forbid smoking in classrooms. Believe they are completely right in their aim. However, I think it more important to achieve this by calling on the smokers to use good judgment and to show concern for others. Smoking is not allowed in theaters, cinemas and in other public places. Therefore, smoking must be forbidden in our classroom. Although many people have passed away for having smoked a lot and we call on people to give up smoking, yet many more that are following will turn down what we say every day, above all, the young people smoke a lot more.

In the writer’s opinion, smoking does good to ________.

A. nobody B. some people C. smokers D. young people

The phrase “pass away” probably means ________.

A. leave one’s home B. lose one’s life C. pass by D. go away

According to the selection, which of the following is true?

A. Smokers suffer from the polluted air more than the non-smokers.

B. Non-smokers suffer from the polluted air more than the smokers.

  C. Non-smokers suffer as much from the polluted air as the smokers.

D. Non-smokers don’t suffer so much from the polluted air as the smokers.

Can people change their skin colour without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin colour.

The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans. The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.

Scientists have changed the colour of a dark-striped zebrafish to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment(色素) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebrafish skin colour is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanosomes(黑色素). The number, size and darkness of melanosomes per pigment cell determines skin colour.

It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation(变异) in the gene for melanosome production. This results in less pigmented skin.

However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes.

Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun(太阳光紫外线), which can cause skin cancer.But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin colour, said Cheng.

The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer. It also could lead to research into ways to change skin colour without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.

The passage mainly tells us that ________.

  A. people can not change their skin colour without any pain

  B. the new discovery could lead to search into ways to change skin colour safely

  C. pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin colour as he liked

  D. scientists have found out that people’s skin colour is determined by the gene

It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

  A. nowadays people who want to change their skin colour have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical  treatment                                 B. Europeans and Africans have the same gene

  C. the new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancer    D. there are two kinds of genes

Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebra fish in order to ________.

  A. find the different genes of humans’

  B. prove the humans’ skin colour is determined by the pigment gene

  C. find out the reason why the Africans’ skin colour is dark  D. find out the ways of changing peopl’s skin colour

The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably that ________.

  A. they are born light-skinned people

  B. light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gen for melanosome production

  C. they have fewer activities outside          D. they pay much attention to protecting their skin

The writer’s attitude towards the discovery is ________.

  A. neutral                      B. negative                   C. positive                    D. indifferent

A sixth of undergraduates in Beijing this year have registered at driving school. The students,mostly from majors such as business management or international trade, will finish their driving courses within 20 days or so.

    Training costs have dropped to 2,600 yuan for students, according to the Haidian Driving School in Beijing. The price is not really low,but students will accept it, seeing it as an investment (投资) in their future. Familiarity with the operation of computers and fluent English are the basic skills graduating students need to find a job. But a driver's permit has become another factor  (因 素).

"in the job market, owning a driver's permit someumes strengthens a graduating student's competitiveness for a good position,'' says Zhou Yang, an undergraduate at the China University of Political Science and Law.

Cars will become a necessary part of many people's lives in the coming years, and it is difficult to get a permit of campus because of the pressures on working people's time. "Having a full-time job after graduation offers limited time to learn to drive. We senior students have plenty of spare time, plenty of opportunity to learn. "Zhou says.

    Xu Jian, an official at the driving school, said undergraduates were very able and serious, and could grasp in an hour what ordinary people took four hours to learn. In this driving school, mid-die-aged people, young women and college students are the main customers.

    To get a driver's permit, a beginner is now required to have at least 86 hours' practice before the .final road test.

_________ in Beijing want to learn to drive.

    A. Most of the undergraduates

    B. Many undergraduates

    C. Many students in the driving school

    D. Most of the students who learn business or international trade

The undergraduates are learning to drive because _________.

    A. they need this skill to find a good job

    B. they like to drive cars

    C. they will not have any time to learn to drive after they have found a full-time job

    D. most of them will be able to buy cars in the future

Which of the following is likely to be Xu Jian's opinion of students learning to drive?

A. He thought it was better to learn it at college than at work.

    B. He decided it was a waste of money and time to learn to drive.

    C. He agreed that they could learn to drive.

    D. He thought they would spend three times more time to learn to drive than usual.

Which of the following can be the best headline for the passage?

    A. Students Pay Less to Learn to Drive Now.

    B. Students Learn to Drive.

    C. It is Better to Learn to Drive at Colleges.

    D. Welcome to the Driving School.

Bad moods can actually be good for you, with an Australian study finding that being sad makes people less gullible (轻信), improves their ability to judge others and also boosts memory.

The study, authored by psychology professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales, showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of, and paid more attention to, their surroundings than happier people, who were more likely to believe anything they were told.

"Although positive mood seems to promote creativity, flexibility, cooperation, and reliance on mental shortcuts, negative moods trigger (引发) more attentive, careful thinking, paying greater attention to the external world," Forgas wrote.

"Our research suggests that sadness ... promotes information processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations."

For the study, Forgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing happy or sad moods in their subjects through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.

In one of the experiments, happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.

People in a bad mood were also less likely to make snap decisions based on racial or religious prejudices, and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.

The study also found that sad people were better at stating their case through written arguments, which Forgas said showed that a "mildly negative mood may actually promote a more concrete, accommodative and ultimately more successful communication style."

"Positive mood is not universally desirable: people in negative mood are less prone to judgmental errors, are more resistant to eyewitness distortions（扭曲）and are better at producing high-quality, effective persuasive messages," Forgas wrote.

The study was published in the November/December edition of the Australian Science journal.

_ The study suggests that when someone is in a bad mood, he ________ .

A. is particular about everything       B. shows less concern about others

C. is willing to believe what he hears  D. cares more about his surroundings

_Which of the following is connected with positive mood?

A. New ideas.     B. Being stubborn.    C. Being careful.     D. Concentration.

_ How did researcher put the subjects in good or bad moods?

   A. By watching sports programs.          B. By listening to happy or sad stories.

   C. By dealing with demanding situations. D. By thinking back on their past experience.

_ Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

    A. Positive mood leads to better judgement.

B. Sad people remembered what they saw precisely.

    C. Cheerful people were less likely to believe rumors.

    D. People in bad mood tend to make quick decisions.

_The author intends to convince(说服) us that __________ .

    A. Joseph Forgas made a great discovery B. bad moods can actually be good for us

    C. we should think positively and negatively    D. the Australian study is of practical value

    An ichthyologist is a scientist who studies fish. Most people who do this job say they love their work because it is very rewarding and varied. They work not only inside a laboratory, but also out in the field. Fieldwork includes traveling to rivers, oceans and lakes in order to collect information and specimens（样本）, Reading, writing and speaking are also very important to the job. Fish scientists need to read the research of other scientists. They must he able to write up their own research clearly so that others can follow it. They also need to be able to give lectures about their findings, so that they can spread knowledge.

      Ichthyologists who wish to specialize can choose any one of three areas of study. The first area is aquaculture  (水产养殖). This involves the study and practice of fish farming and management. Because it is a rather new study, there are very few job opportunities available. However, as there is so much to discover, many see it as an exciting area for a new ichthyologist to enter. The second area is fisheries science, which means working with a team of scientists to find out more about different fish species. The third area is about the protection of natural fish populations. This is very important today, given that many fish species are in danger of dying out because of the actions of humans.

     To become a successful fish scientist, you need to have a curious mind and be able to work on your own. You also need to be able to handle equipment and perform experiments; but most importantly, you must love fish. To become an ichthyologist, you will need to train at a university to pass a Bachelor of Science degree. For this, you will need to be good at mathematics, physical science and biology. Then, you will need to study for another year to complete an honours degree in ichthyology. This honours degree contains coursework about all aspects of fish. You also need to complete a research paper.

68. What makes the jobs of ichthyologists so varied?

   A. They study fish habits and collect information.

   B. They have to study science and mathematics.

   C. They work in fields as well as in laboratories.

   D. They read research papers written by others.

69. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

   A. An ichthyologist has an interesting and varied profession.

    B. Aquaculture is the study of fish protection.

    C. The life of an ichthyologist can involve lots of travel.

    D. A fish scientist needs to be independent and curious about things.

 70. Who is most likely to become an ichthyologist?

    A. Tom, because he likes fishing and outdoor sports.

    B. Jack, because he likes to travel and read adventure books.

    C. Jenny, because she likes science, mathematics and reading about dinosaurs.

    D. Jane, because she likes mathematics, science, biology and searching rock-pools.

 71. The passage is probably written for         .

    A. university students                        B. science researchers

    C. fisheries experts                          D. fish farmers

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