题目内容
Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?
Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity (慷慨) that's never forgotten.
Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism (批评) , which often hurts rather than helps. Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees. "Catch people doing something right!" he says. Then tell everyone about it.
Take informed risks. " The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise," says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz. "Sky divers don't go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes (降落伞) beforehand. "
Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail - and not die a thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again.
Encourage enthusiasm (热情). "When people understand the importance of work, they lend their mental strengths," says Lee Ducat. But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job. That's a great force! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic yourself - You will be followed by everyone.
60. The underlined word "cultivated" (paragraph 1) roughly means _______.
A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed
61. The part Always give credit tells us that a leader should _______.
A. give helpful criticism B. regard others as real heroes
C. praise people for their good performances D. praise everyone
62. To be a good leader, you should _______.
A. not be afraid of any risks B. think twice before taking risks
C. try to avoid any possible failures D. know what a thoughtless exercise is
63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Leadership Is of Skills and Techniques B. Leadership Is Very Important
C. Not Many Can Be Leaders D. How to Be a Leader
60.D 61.C 62.B 63.D
解析:
60.解析:这是一道猜义题。根据第一段“Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down.可猜测出cultivated的意思是“发展”。领导技巧不像维生素C那样可以一下子吞下去,而是逐步发展起来的。
61.解析:这是一道猜义题。根据下文“Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes.”可猜测出这句话的意思是“对人们好的表现给予表扬”。
62.解析:这是一道细节推断题。根据Take informed risks.中的“The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise.”可判断出作为领导者必须“三思而后行”。
63.解析:这是一道主旨题。这篇短文讲述了领导艺术,即如何成为一个好的领导。
Museum of the Moving Image(MMI)(Monday Closed) As the best museum in New York City and with a balance of hands-on(实际操作的)activities and information, it’s the rare bird that can entertain and educate people of different ages. It’s a perfect destination for a family trip of a couple hours. Pros—Excellent movie screenings. Easy subway access. Cons—Difficult to reach by Car. |
New York Hall of Science(NYHS)(Monday Closed) Being New York City’s only hand son science and technology center, it is an interactive science museum focusing on its audience of children. It has the most hands-on exhibits in an NYC museum, and it’s a fun destination for ages 5 and up. Older folks might take great interest in the NASA rockets outside the museum, but don’t bother unless you’ve kids to keep you company. Pros—Cool interactive science exhibits, the rockets. Cons—Hard to reach by public transportation. |
Queens County Farm Museum(QCFM)(Year-round 7 days a week) It is an actual farm in New York City and home to animals your kids can feed and a yard full of a climbing plant whose fruit can be made into wine. Good chance to meet sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and cows! The animals are mostly readily accessible to visitors. And the museum sells feed for young hands willing to get licked by sheep and goats. Pros—Outdoor fun. Cons—Expensive festivals, long bus ride, no subway. |
Queens Museum of Art(QMA)(Monday and Tuesday Closed) Opened in 1972 to serve as a cultural center in New York City, it exhibits art by local and international artists. Its best exhibits are on the two World’s Fairs. and of course,the Panorama of New York City, a giant , highly detailed diorama(透景画)of all five New York City boroughs. 行政区) Pros—The Panorama, Great gift shop. Easy subway access. Cons—Not much for kids. |
A.T MMI | B.T NYHS | C.QMA | D.QCFM |
A.All the museums mentioned above lie in New York City. |
B.No other museum in New York City is better than MMI. |
C.Lucky visitors can see grapes in one of the museums. |
D.NYHS has the most hands-on activities in America. |
A.visitors can pay a visit to all the museums by subway |
B.people can visit only one of the any day |
C.there is often a rare bird flying in the sky above MMI |
D.the Panorama is, as a matter of fact, a great gift shop |
A.MMI. B.NYHS. C.QCFM. D.QMA.
Are you an optimist? Do you look at your glass and see it as half full? Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that generally things turn out for the best? Do you believe that if something is meant to be, it will be? If you reply “yes” to all of these questions, then you are an optimist. You probably are enthusiastic, cheerful and outgoing. You may well be successful atwork and in love.
But you may be misguided because things don’t turn out for the best. You may believe that when one door closes another one opens (for example,you may fail to obtain a new job,another chance will come around soon), Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams in your face. That's bitter reality.
Now a book has been published which confirms what we pessimists(悲观者)have suspected all along. It's called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism. Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear, anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for things by setting low outcomes for themselves. They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor, says, “What’s interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situation’s outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better. ”
So far, so good. This is not rocket science. Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work, on a date or even in a sports game. It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution. For example, “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket,” and “ Don’t count your chickens until they hatch. “ To have a confident and optimistic approach to life’s problems is good. But listen to what Woody Alien,the American comedian says, ”Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”
There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist. Don’t feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist. But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.
【小题1】What is the passage mainly about?
A.A book that has recently been published. |
B.The dangers of being too optimistic. |
C.How to become successful in life. |
D.The benefits of defensive pessimism. |
A.it is quite simple to understand | B.there is no real proof |
C.it’s not a dangerous thing to do | D.the cost is not so high |
A.an optimist | B.a defeatist | C.a realist | D.a scientist |
A.“Every cloud has a silver lining.” | B.“Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” |
C.“Whatever will be, will be.” | D.“The glass is half full not half empty.” |
Are you an optimist? Do you look at your glass and see it as half full? Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that generally things turn out for the best? Do you believe that if something is meant to be, it will be? If you reply “yes” to all of these questions, then you are an optimist. You probably are enthusiastic, cheerful and outgoing. You may well be successful atwork and in love.
But you may be misguided because things don’t turn out for the best. You may believe that when one door closes another one opens (for example,you may fail to obtain a new job,another chance will come around soon), Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams in your face. That's bitter reality.
Now a book has been published which confirms what we pessimists(悲观者)have suspected all along. It's called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism. Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear, anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for things by setting low outcomes for themselves. They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor, says, “What’s interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situation’s outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better. ”
So far, so good. This is not rocket science. Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work, on a date or even in a sports game. It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution. For example, “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket,” and “ Don’t count your chickens until they hatch. “ To have a confident and optimistic approach to life’s problems is good. But listen to what Woody Alien,the American comedian says, ”Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”
There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist. Don’t feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist. But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.
【小题1】What is the passage mainly about?
A.A book that has recently been published. |
B.The dangers of being too optimistic. |
C.The benefits of defensive pessimism. |
D.How to become successful in life. |
A.he cost is not so high | B.there is no real proof |
C.it’s not a dangerous thing to do | D.it is quite simple to understand |
A.an optimist | B.a realist | C.a defeatist | D.a scientist |
A.“Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” |
B.“Every cloud has a silver lining.” |
C.“Whatever will be, will be.” |
D.“The glass is half full not half empty.” |