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Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”

A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.

Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.

Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”

“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”

“Oh, sure.”

“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”

“Nobody. I do it.”

“Really—at night, when you’re asleep?”

“Sure.”

“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”

1. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________.

A. know more about the students

B. make the lessons more exciting

C. raise the students’ interest in art

D. teach the students about toy design

2. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A. He liked to help his teacher.

B. He preferred to study alone.

C. He was active in class.

D. He was imaginative.

3. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?

A. To help them to see their creativity.

B. To find out about their sleeping habits.

C. To help them to improve their memory.

D. To find out about their ways of thinking.

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Many people in high school cannot wait to go to college and leave their hometown behind.Questions arise, though, when it comes to all of the decisions involved in choosing a college.

One of the first considerations may be finance. State and public colleges are often the least expensive. Often, though, the better colleges are private and more expensive. It is sad when gifted students cannot attend a college of their choice just for financial reasons.

Another major factor is location. Whether the college is in a small town or large city can have a major impact on its activities. A water lover probably will be more comfortable spending four years near an ocean or a lake.Those who cannot tolerate heat will probably be more comfortable at a northern college. Distance from home may also come into consideration.If family is a top priority, that person should stay close to home; on the other hand, if independence is desired, a campus farther from home would be more appropriate.

School size also plays a major role in the decision process. If you want to get to know your teachers, a small college is suitable. For those of you who consider yourself a “people_person” and want a wide range of activities, a large college is more fitting. Your area of interest is another factor to consider in the decision?making process if you want to get the most from your education. The whole point of college is to learn what is of interest to you.

Crucially(至关重要地), one must take into consideration the colleges by which you can realistically be accepted. An Ivy League school for an average student would probably not be a good match. Similarly, an average school for an above?average student would not work well. The college should provide enough of a challenge for the student to work hard.Although there may not be the perfect college out there, there probably will be one that is close.Those who cannot find a suitable college are probably not looking hard enough.

1.When it comes to going to college the author thinks ________.

A.students will become homesick

B.students are unwilling to leave their home

C.financial situation is the first to consider

D.students are eager to attend their ideal university

2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A.The location of the college is a main factor.

B.A long distance will make students upset.

C.Students can be independent at college.

D.The climate must be taken into consideration.

3.What does the underlined part “people person” in the passage mean?

A.A very sociable person.

B.A very particular person.

C.A person of great capacity.

D.A person of great importance.

4.Which is the most important factor when choosing a college?

A.The location of a college.

B.The coming challenges.

C.School size.

D.The examination result.

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A lot of us lose life’s tough battles by starting a frontal attack—when a touch of humor might well enable us to win.Consider the case of a young friend of mine,who hit a traffic jam on his way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum about being late on the job.Although there was a good reason for Sam’s a being late—serious illness at home—he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldn’t work any longer.His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech.

Yes,the boss was.Sam entered the office at 9:35.The place was as quiet as a locker room;everyone was hard at work.Sam’s supervisor came up to him.Suddenly,Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand.“How do you do!” he said.“I’m Sam Maynard.I’m applying for a job,which,I understand,became available just 35 minutes ago.Does the early bird get the worm?”

The room exploded in laughter.The supervisor clamped off a smile and walked back to his office.Sam Maynard had saved his job—with the only tool that could win,a laugh.

Humor is a most effective,yet frequently neglected,means of handling the difficult situations in our lives.It can be used for patching up differences,apologizing,saying “no”,criticizing,getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face.For some jobs,it’s the only tool that can succeed.It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a quarrel.For example,many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than people in any other forum.

1.Why was Sam late for his job?

A.Because he was ill.

B.Because he got up late.

C.Because he was caught in a traffic jam.

D.He was busy applying for a new job.

2.The main idea of this passage is ________.

A.Sam Maynard saved his job with humor

B.humor is important in our lives

C.early bird gets the worm

D.humor can solve racial discriminations

3.The phrase “clamped off” in Paragraph 3 means ________.

A.tried to hold back B.tried to set

C.charged D.gave out

4.Which of the following statements can we infer from the passage?

A.Many lose life’s battles for they are lacking in a sense of humor.

B.It wasn’t the first time that Sam came late for his work.

C.Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30.

D.Humor is the most effective way of solving problems.

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Music

Opera at Music Hall:1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone:241–2742. http://www.cityopera.com.

Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723–1182 for more information.

Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381–3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.

College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known Lasalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556–4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.

Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232–6220.

1. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?

A. 241–2742. B. 723–1182.

C. 381–3300. D. 232–6220.

2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?

A.February. B. May.

C. August. D. November.

3. Where can student go for free performances with their I.D. cards?

A. Music Hall.

B. Memorial Hall.

C. Patricia Cobbett Theater.

D. Riverbend Music Theater.

4. How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?

A. It has seats in the open air.

B. It gives shows all year round.

C. It offers membership discounts.

D. It presents famous musical works.

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Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

"The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media," says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. "They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer."

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication — e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the "most e-mailed" list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, "Contagious: Why Things Catch On."

1. What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?

A. News reports. B. Research papers.

C. Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations.

2. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?

A. They’re socially inactive.

B. They’re good at telling stories.

C. They’re inconsiderate of others.

D. They’re careful with their words.

3. Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?

A. Sports news. B. Science articles.

C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide.

B. Online News Attracts More People.

C. Reading Habits Change with the Times.

D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks.

Body Language in the United States

Most people shake hands and make eye contact when they meet people for the first time. Among very good friends, a woman may give another woman a little hug, and a man may kiss a woman quickly on the cheek. Males don’t hug one another, which, however, is changing. Men usually shake hands with the right hand. Sometimes they use the left hand to either cover the handshake or lightly hold the other person’s arm. This shows greater warmth and friendship. Most people wave hello or good-bye by extending the palm(手掌) facing outward, and twisting the hand at the wrist. Another way is to raise the arm, palm outward, and move the whole arm and hand back and forth. This is important to know because in many other countries, the same movements mean “no”.

When people are waiting in a public place, such as the post office, they usually form lines. Some people get angry and complain if someone pushes their way into a line or jumps ahead of other people. Moreover, many women like men to open doors for them. They also like men to give up their seats on public transportation. However, some women do not like this type of behavior. They feel that men and women should be treated in the same way.

In the United States, it’s important to make direct eye contact in business and social situations. If you don’t make eye contact, people will probably think that you are bored or not interested. If there is silence in these situations, people usually try to make conservation. Periods of silence make many people uncomfortable. People in the United States usually stand about one arm’s length away from each other while talking or standing together. This space is called “the comfort zone”.

In the United States, mothers sometimes show that they are angry with children by shaking an index finger(食指) at them. People may show that they like children by patting them on the head.

1.It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that in the United States __________.

A. males begin to hug each other now

B. a man usually kisses a woman for greeting

C. people only use right hands to shake hands

D. people wave good-bye as people in many other countries do

2.Some women don’t like to be offered a seat by men because __________.

A. they think sitting is harmful for health

B. they prefer to stand rather than sit

C. they like to be treated equally

D. they don’t need men’s favor

3.The third paragraph is mainly about __________.

A. body language in public places

B. impolite body language

C. the comfort zone

D. body language in business and social life

4.In the United States, a mother sometimes shakes an index finger at her kids to show __________.

A. boredom B. anger C. love D. Satisfaction

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