Since the early 1990s, the Internet has greatly changed the way people communicate．But some teachers think the changes are not all for the better．
Eleanor Johnson, an English professor at Columbia University in New York, says, “Ｉthink text messaging has made students believe that it is far more acceptable than it actually is to just make spelling and grammatical mistakes．” She says her students over the past several years have increasingly used less formal English in their writing．She says words and phrases like “you know” now appearing research papers．And she now has to talk about another problem in class－incorrect word use．
Professor Johnson doubts a strong connection between the rise of communication online and an increase in writing mistakes．But she admits there may not be much scientific proof, at least not yet．
David Crystal, a British language expert, says the actively changing nature of the Internet makes it difficult to stay unchanged in studying its effects．But he believes its effect on language is small．He says, “The main effect of the Internet on language has been to increase the expressive richness of language, providing the language with a new set of communicative content that didn’t exist in the past．”
Erin Jansen, founder of an online dictionary of Internet and text messaging terms, says his new technology has not changed existing language but has greatly added to the vocabulary．“Basically it is a freedom of expression,” she says, “If it is helping them write more or communicate more, that is great．That is what teachers and educators want---to get students communicating．”
But Erin Jansen and David Crystal agree with Eleanor Jonson on at least one thing．Teachers need to make sure students understand the uses and rules of language．
(1)
According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?
[ ]
A．
David Crystal thinks the Internet makes the language expression richer．
B．
David Crystal believes the Internet’s effects on language use are clear
C．
Eleanor Johnson thinks writing mistakes has much to do with the Internet
D．
Eleanor Johnson thinks all the Internet effects on language use are good
(2)
Eleanor Johnson is mentioned to _________．
[ ]
A．
share her idea of the great effects of using the Internet
B．
tell people a way to correct students’ writing mistakes
C．
serve as an example of teachers’ blaming the Internet
D．
warn people against the dangers of using the Internet
(3)
What do the three experts have in common as to the Internet effect?
[ ]
A．
The possibilities of avoiding the use of less formal words
B．
The causes of the Internet’s great effects on language
C．
The necessity of helping students reduce writing mistakes
D．
The importance of students’ knowing how to use language
How can you hear you friends’ voices when they are far away and you can’t make a longdistance call?Beside the web camera system with your computer, we have a new hige-tech way to solve the problem and ease your pain of missing them．
The Japanese company Combiwith created a system-“talking picture”．It makes people in pictures speak!
The“talking picture”has a special pen．It is actually a pen-shaped scanner．It can scan information yhin special-made pictures．A connected player will then play the information out loud．
First, you need to take a picture and record what you want to say with the company．The will then make special barcodes(条形码)onto your picture(you can’t see those codes)．Those codes are your voice and your words．When you hold up the pen to scna your piture with barcodes．a player connected to the pen will start to play．It plays things you’ve recorded．That way the invention makes the“you”in the picture speak!
Do you want your friends and families talking out of pictures?Have them make pictures like that, and yu can hear them whernever you want, only with the“talking picture”system．The systm can play messages fo rup to 12minutes．
“The pictures would be useful for those who hope to hear the voice of someone living far away,”said Mayumi Fuji, a spokeswoman for the company．“Grandparents, for example．longing to kow about their grandchildren would be happy to hear their voices when they see the picture．”Fuji said．
But it si troublesome to go to the company for taking a special pilcture first, And, it is much more expensive than using a telephone．The phote with barcodes costs between 17,040 and 17,990(日元)(160and 169dollars)．The larger picture you want, the more you pay．
Now．just raise a finger, lonely people can have their loved ones speak put of pictures, But, whether the“talking picture”is practical or not, let’s wait and see．
(1)
What does“talking pictures”mean according to this article?
[ ]
A．
The picture can play what’s been recorded as if the person in the picture“talks”
B．
You can have a talk with the person in the picture whenever you want to．
C．
The picture can tell you wonderful stories to ease your pain．
D．
The picture can tell what’s on your mind when you are looking at it
(2)
If you want to make a talking picture, you need to do all things except ________
[ ]
A．
take a picture and record what you want tjo say with the company
B．
make special barcodes onto your picture
C．
have a pen-shaped scanner to go with the picture
D．
dial numbers to make a long-distance call
(3)
Which of the following is no true according to the passage?
[ ]
A．
The talking picture system can play messages for 12minutes at most
B．
It will cost you more to take a larger talking picture
C．
It might take a lot of trouble to make a talking picture．,
D．
You can make a talking picture by just raising a finger．
(4)
What is the attitude of the author toward the“talking picture”?
[ ]
A．
Subjective．
B．
Uncertain
C．
Positive
D．
Negative．
阅读理解
It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more．But in order to work up the desire to rewrite ,it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage．
I am surprised at the number of famouw writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions．One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain whern first written down．Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work．
Different from popular belief ,wen do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbois for ideas(known as “mentalese”), and writing our ideas down is an act of transtation from that symbolic language．But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦)，writing can only be composed one thread at a time．Therefone it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple．It si only by repeatedly rewrting that wen producs new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds．
When people write as if some strict critics(批评家)are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start．Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem．When writing wen should have two different minds．At the first stage ,we should see every idea ,as well as the words we use to express it ,as wonderful and worth putting down．It is only during rewrites that we should examine what wen excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses．
(1)
What do wen learn frome the text about those famous writers?
[ ]
A．
They often regret writing poor works
B．
Some of them write surprisinglymuch．
C．
Many of them hate reading their own works
D．
They are happy to revlew the publishers’ opinions．
(2)
What do people generally believe about the way human minds work?
[ ]
A．
People think in words and genternces．
B．
Human ideas are translated into symbols
C．
People think by connecting threads of ideas．
D．
Human thoughts are expressed through pictures．
(3)
What can we conclude from the text?
[ ]
A．
Most people believe wen think in sysbols．
B．
Loving our own writing is scientifically reasonable．
C．
The writers and crities can never reach an agreement．
D．
Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work．
阅读理解
Death Valley is the lowest, hottest, driest area in North America．This California National Park has less than 5 cm of rainfall a year and temperature up to 53℃ in summer．That's enough to keep Americans away during the hottest months from June to August．But it is the high temperature and terrible heat that draw their most crazy fans, the foreign tourists．From all over the world, they come to the valley floor in cars, carrying maps and water bottles, and fanning themselves with newspapers to keep cool．
About 13 million visetors enter the park each year, from June through August．90％ of them are foreigners．They go there to experience the summer heat that gives Death Valley its name．The average high in July is53.2℃ and the low 30℃．For August, the average high si 52.2℃ and the low 29.4℃．
So what do Americans think of the foreign visitors who arrive for the heat, just when locals from the United States try to avoid it? Park manager Brenda Henson says, “ The foreigners want to experience the heat in Death Valley．We think it's crazy．”
In fact, Death Valley is a series of salt flats(盐滩)225 km long and 6 km to 26 km wide．Birds and animals are largely absent, and only the hardiest plants have some chance of existence in this extreme place．
One tourist from Paris concluded, “ We come to it because we can tell all our friends and family that we've been to the hottest place in the world．”
(1)
The real attraction of Death Valley for foreigners is that ________．
[ ]
A．
summer heat keeps Americans away
B．
experiencing the heat in it is cool
C．
it is a series of salt flats
D．
it is a famous place in the world．
(2)
What does the underlined word “ hardiest” in Paragraph 4 mean?
[ ]
A．
Most difficult．
B．
Most energetic．
C．
Strongest．
D．
Best．
(3)
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
[ ]
A．
The hottest time in Death Valley is from June to August．
B．
Not all the visitors to Death Valley are foreigners．
C．
The lowest temperature in Death Valley is 29.4℃．
D．
Death Valley is made up of salt flats．
(4)
What would be the best title for the passage?
[ ]
A．
Crazy Fans of Death Valley．
B．
Importance of Death Valley．
C．
Beauty of California National Park．
D．
The Best Tourist Attraction in North America．
阅读理解
My father made a deal with me that he would match whatever I could come up with to buy my fir st car．From the time I wa s a saver．My allowance, back in tho se day s, wa s twenty five cent s a week．I grew up on a farm near a small town called Ventura．In tho se day s the area wa s mo stly agricultural．The climate wa s and still i s a s clo se to perfect a s you could get．I earned some of my money picking one crop or another．When I wa s about ten, a school friend' s family owned walnut orchard s(果园)and it wa s harve st time．She told me we could earn five dollar s for every bag of walnut s we picked．I certainly learned about picking walnut s that day．Not surprisingly, that wa s my fir st and la st time a s a walnut picker．
In 1960 my grandmother pa s sed away．She left me 100 share s of AT＆T．One hundred share s of stock don't seem like much today but back then tho se share s paid me＄240 per year in dividend s(利息)．That wa s huge for a kid my age．
By the time I wa s seventeen．I had saved up ＄ 1, 300 and I knew exactly that I wanted．Ithink my father wa s somewhat suri sed when I announced I had saved up ＄ 1, 300 and wa s ready to buy my new car．I'll never forget the evening my father said, “Let' s go see about that car”．I wa s so excited．
My father could have ea sily ju st given me the car but he alway s in si sted that hi s children work for what they got．Thi s wa s not a bad thing．I learned self-reliance．Self-reliance i s equal to freedom．Now that I think about it I need to be thanking my father．
(1)
Which one of the following s didn't belong to the saving of ＄1, 300?
[ ]
A．
Weekly allowance．
B．
Her earning s by picking crop s．
C．
Share s left by grandma．
D．
Money earned from selling share s．
(2)
The underlined part in the second paragraph probably meant ________．
[ ]
A．
she didn't have the chance of picking walnut s
B．
enough money had been earned for her car
C．
the work wa s too hard for children like her
D．
she had no time to do that again for some rea son
(3)
We can know from the pa s sage the author got her car at the age of ________．
[ ]
A．
16
B．
17
C．
18
D．
19
(4)
The purpo se of the author' s father doing like that wa s to ________．
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