题目内容
A few degrees can make a big difference when it comes to food storage. Foods can go bad if they get too warm. But for many of the world’s poor, finding a good way to keep food cool is difficult. Refrigerators are costly and they need electricity.
Yet spoiled food not only creates health risks but also economic losses. Farmers lose money when they have to throw away products that they cannot sell quickly.
But in nineteen ninety-five a teacher in northern Nigeria named Mohammed Bah Abba found a solution. He developed the “Pot-in-Pot Preservation/Cooling System.” It uses two round containers made of clay. A smaller pot is placed inside a larger one. The space between the two pots is filled with wet sand. The inner pot can be filled with fruit, vegetables or drinks. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system.
Food stored in the smaller pot is kept from spoiling through a simple evaporation(蒸发) process. Water in the sand between the two pots evaporates through the surface of the larger pot, where drier outside air is moving.
The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees. This cools the inner pot and helps keep food safe from harmful bacteria. Some foods can be kept fresh this way for several weeks.
People throughout Nigeria began using the invention. And it became popular with farmers in other African countries. Mohammed Bah Abba personally financed the first five thousand pot-in-pot systems for his own community and five villages nearby.
In two thousand, the Rolex Watch Company of Switzerland honored him with the Rolex Award for Enterprise. This award recognizes people trying to develop projects aimed at improving human knowledge and well-being. A committee considers projects in science and medicine, technology, exploration and discovery, the environment and cultural history. Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.
1.Which is the best title of the passage?
A. A Few Degrees can Make a Big Difference for Storage
B. A Cool Way to Keep Food from Spoiling
C. Spoiled Food Creates Health Risks and Economic Losses
D. The Evaporation Process Creates a Drop in Temperature
2.What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A. the structure of the invention
B. the usage of the invention
C. the cost of the invention
D. the inspiration of the invention
3.What is it that essentially keeps the food in the container from spoiling?
A. the wet cloth covering the cooling system.
B. the moving drier air outside the container
C. the wet sand between the containers
D. a drop in temperature by evaporation
4.According to the passage, where can we possibly see the invention?
A. rich and advanced families
B. scientific experiment laboratory
C. poor and underdeveloped area
D. supermarket needing to store goods
5.We can know from the passage that Mohammed Bah Abba ____________.
A. invented the controversial cooling system
B. financed the systems in all communities
C. received financial assistance for his invention
D. invented more complicated cooling system later
1.B
2.A
3.D
4.C
5.C
【解析】
试题分析:文章介绍了穆罕默德巴林神父发明的“罐内冷却系统”的储藏食物的方法。他利用两个套在一起的罐子中间的湿沙子蒸发水分降温的原理来保存食物。这一发明还获得了瑞士的劳力士公司授予他的“劳力士雄才伟略大奖”。
1.主旨题,通过阅读全文可知本文介绍了一种降温方法来防止食物腐坏。故选B。
2.推理题,阅读第三段可知介绍了这种发明的组成和原理。故选A。
3.推理题。根据第五段中“The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees.”蒸发的过程会产生几度的温度下降,根据常理可知降低了温度会使食物保鲜。故选D。
4.推理题,阅读文章可知这个发明最初是在尼日利亚北部的人们使用,后整个尼日利亚人们都是用,再后来还在其他非洲国家的农民中流行起来,由此可知是在不发达地区和穷人中运用。故选C。
5.推理题,根据文章最后一句“ Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.”获奖者会获得财务援助以帮助开发和扩大他们的项目。根据文章可知穆罕默德巴林神父也获得这个奖项,因此可知穆罕默德巴林神父获得对他的发明的财务支持。故选C。
考点:考查科教类短文
阅读下面短文,将标有A~F的段落或句子插入文章中题号为1~5的恰当位置,使全篇文章意义完整,结构连贯。注意:1)有一个选项是多余的;2)如选E请填涂AB;选F请填涂CD.
Freezing can keep food fresh and safe to eat. Freezing lowers the food temperature below zero degree Celsius. That is the point where water turns to ice. 1. , it is important to lower the temperature to between minus fifteen and minus twenty degrees Celsius as quickly as possible. The faster the freezing process is, the fresher the taste of the food.
Fruits and vegetables can be spread out inside the freezer. Once the food is frozen, 2. . Fruits are usually not cooked before they are frozen. This allows them to keep their fresh taste. The simplest way to prepare fruits is to cut them up and place them in a container inside the freeze before putting it in the container. This will keep it from sticking to the container. This is called the “dry pack” method.
3. , The fruit is prepared along with some of its liquid or juice. You can ad some sugar to fruits that are naturally juicy. The sugar sweetens the fruit and brings out its natural juices.
4. . Blanching means placing the vegetables in boiling water for a few minutes and then quickly placing them into very cold water. Blanching slows down the natural chemical aging process. All extra water should be removed before placing the vegetables into containers and freezing. 5. .
A.it should be placed in containers and then stored at a temperature of about minus twenty degrees Celsius |
B.Vegetables are either cooked or blanched before freezing |
C.To start the freezing process |
D.To keep them fresh for a long time |
E. The second way is the “wet pack” method
F. Most foods can be stored frozen for up to one year