Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient custom which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always evil and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern skill has changed this. Either man will stop war, or war will stop man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the greatest danger, but bacteriological( 细菌的 ) or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeeded in stopping war, there would be no danger for us. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not by contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre (大屠杀 ),but by arbitration (仲裁)in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.

There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology (意识形态)would prevent war. I believe this to be a complete error. All ideologies are based upon beliefs without proof which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Those people who believe them are willing to go to war in support of them.

The movement of world opinion during the past two years has changed very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a common belief that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course, very difficult problems remain in the international world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that agreements should be reached even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict (冲突) nowadays is not between East and West, but between Man and the H?bomb.

From the first paragraph we can know that ____.

A. we may face greater threat from weapons 

B. bacteriological or chemical weapons are less dangerous than nuclear weapons

C. man’s idea of victory has changed

D. dangerous weapons are forbidden in modern society

According to the author,______.

A. it is impossible to live without war

B. the difference between East and West will lead to war

C. war must be stopped if man wants to survive

D. war will be stopped by modern skill

The author believes that the only way to stop war is to____.

A. stop nuclear weapons

B. settle international issues through agreements

C. destroy bacteriological and chemical weapons

D. let the stronger side take over the world

The last paragraph suggests that______.

A. nuclear war will definitely not take place

B. real agreements have been now reached

C. world opinion is still divided on nuclear war

D. man is beginning to realize that nuclear war is his greatest enemy

Which of the following words can best describe the author’s feeling in writing this passage?

A. Disappointed.   B. Doubtful.   C. Worried.   D. Hopeful.

Directions; Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.survey      B.off          C.better      D.care     E.conducted

F.differed.   G.personal     H.prepared    I.contrast    J.differences,

GAN Xiaolin, 18, only gets half a day ____ school every week since the Hubei student started senior high school.Every day, he takes core (核心的) courses from 7:10 am to 10:30 pm.

Sometimes, Gan feels extremely stressed from the heavy workload.But he hopes that his three

years of hard work toward the college entrance examination will change his life for the __.

Gan is a typical Chinese student, as shown m a recently released survey.The new survey, which was ____ by the China Youth and Children Research Center and other foreign institutions, polled(调整) about 4,000 high school and vocational school students in China, Japan, the United States and South Korea.

The five biggest frustrations listed by all the young people were: an over-busy school life, an empty___ life, dissatisfaction with their appearance, a lack of time for exercise and friends, and no spare money.

Although some of the teenage problems were y-niversai, there were big _ __ between the students when it came to the time they spent on sehoolwork.

For example, Chinese students spent the most time at school and on homework.Nearly 80 percent of them spent at least eight hours a week in school, and 56.7 percent spent two or more hours on their homework.By_, only about 25 percent of US students, 20,5 percent of Japanese students, and 15 percent of Korean students had more than two hours of homework each night.

The responses from the Chinese students also __ significantly from their peers (同龄人)

in the other three countries when asked about their life goals.

Only 16.7 percent of Chinese students said that they didn't ___ much about their future, while the figure for that category was 72.4 percent for US students, 59.1 percent for the Japanese and 58.2 percent for the South Koreans.The _ found that Chinese students were more motivated than the other students to work hard for a better life.



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【小题1】What is stressed in the ad?

A.The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.
B.The coin can be circulated as a currency.
C.Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.
D.Demand for the coin is bound to break records.
【小题2】If you buy six 2012 U. S. Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least ____.
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B.making a phone call
C.lining up in front of the stores
D.writing to the company

Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.

I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.)

But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”

There is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.

The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech, for example— were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.

Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

Was Twain a racist? Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.

1. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?

A.Twain was more willing to deal with racism.

B.Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.

C.Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots.

D.Twain was openly concerned with racism.

2.Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its ______.

A.target readers at the bottom

B.anti-slavery attitude

C.rather impolite language

D.frequent use of “nigger”

3.What best proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author?

A.Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.

B.The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.

C.Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.

D.Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.

4.The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that ______.

A.slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters

B.slaves’ babies could pick up slave-holders’ way of speaking

C.blacks’ social position was shaped by how they were brought up

D.blacks were born with certain features of prejudice

5.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

A.The attacks.                            B.Slavery and prejudice.

C.White men.                            D.The shows.

6.What does the author mainly argue for?

A.Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.

B.Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.

C.Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.

D.Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.

 

Suppose that we lined up our roughly 14 million United States businesses in order of size, starting with the smallest, along an imaginary road from San Francisco to New York. There will be 4,500 businesses to the mile, or a little less than one per foot. Suppose further that we planted a flag each business. The height of the flag pole represents the yearly volume of sales (销量) , each $ 10, 000 in sales in shown by one foot of pole.

The line of flagpoles is a very interesting sight. From San Francisco to about Reno, it is almost unnoticeable, a row of poles about a foot high. From Reno eastward the poles increase in height until, near Columbus, Ohio - about four - fifths of the way across the nation - flags fly about 10 feet in the air.

But as we approach the eastern terminus (终点) , the poles suddenly begin to mount (升高) . There are about 300, 000 firms in the country with sales over $ 500, 000. These firms take up the last 75 miles of the 3,000 - mile road. There are 200, 000 firms with sales over $ 1 million. They take up the last 50 miles. Then there are 1, 000 firms with sales of $ 50, 000, 000 or more. They take up the last quarter of a mile before the city limits, flags flying at cloud height, 5 , 000 feet up .

At the very gate of New York, on the last 100 feet of the last mile , we find the 100 largest industrial firms . They have sales of at least $ 1.5 billion, so that their flags are already miles high. Along the last 10 feet of road , there are 10 largest companies . Their sales are roughly $ 10 billion and up : their flags fly 190 miles in the air , almost in the stratosphere (平流层) .

1.What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?

A.To tell the reason why the largest firms are in New York.

B.To show the geographical distribution (分布) of the United States businesses.

C.To provide a general idea of the size of businesses in the United States.

D.To tell us how the United States businesses are arranged.

2.What’s the correct order of the following places from east to west?

A.San Francisco, Reno, New York, Columbus.

B.San Francisco, Reno, Columbus, New York.

C.New York, Columbus, Reno, San Francisco

D.New York, Reno, Columbus, San Francisco

3.Among the four parts of the imaginary road , which part , considering all the firms in it , has the largest total volume of sales ?

A.The last 75 miles.                        B.The last 50 miles.

C.The last 100 feet of the last mile.            D.The last quarter of a mile

4.Which of the following diagrams (图表) shows the right order of size of the US businesses , according to the text ?

S =" San" Francisco  R =" Reno"  C =" Columbus"  N =" New" York  H =" height"  F = feet

 

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