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Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment-friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem. One re?sult is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic,

and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.

However , today , more and more consumers are choosing " green" and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these: "Will this shampoo damage the environment?" "Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once?"

A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the envi?ronmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are "green", that is* friendly to the environment.

Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in super?markets ,but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufactur-ing(生产)of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.

The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. No longer will the public accept the old attitude of "Buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it". The public pressure is on, and gradually business is cleaning up its act.

1.     It is clear from the passage that the driving force (动力)behind green prod?ucts is .

 

A.     public caring for the environment

B.     rapid development of companies

C.     new ways of doing business

D.     rapid growth of supermarkets

2.     The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refers to " ".

 

A.     the selling point

B.     the company's products

C.     a great demand for healthful goods

D.     the manufacturing of green products

3.     What would be the best title of the passage?

 

A.     Business and people

B.     Shopping habits are changing

C.     Business goes green

D.     Supermarkets and green products

DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender's face, which was re?vealed tonight.

A first step towards genetic mugshots has been taken by researchers in the US who link specific DNA markers with face shapes. To identify the genes, they focused on known mutations (突变)that cause changes of the face and head. Normal versions of these genes were found to influence individual features. For in?stance, one gene affected the lips, another the shape and configuration of bones around the eyes, and a third the appearance of the mid-face and skull. In total, 20 genes had "significant effects" on facial appearance.

Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from the Penn?sylvania State University? said, "We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but we can get so much more from DNA. Currently we can't go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible." The implications are far-reaching, raising the possibility of creating a data bank of facial types based on genetic markers. DNA from a crime scene could then be used to produce a rough image of the face of an offender or vic?tim. Such genetic mugshots may be more reliable than computer-generated "E-fits" based on witnesses' memo?ry. Other uses of the technique might include proving the identities of fathers in paternity cases, or visualizing our remote ancestors from fossil DNA.

The scientists wrote in the online journal Public Li?brary of Science Genetics, " Such predictive modelling could be forensically useful. For example, DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces could be predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects. Further, our methods could be used to predict the facial features of descendants, deceased ancestors, and even extinct human species. In addition, these methods could prove to be useful diagnostic tools. " The team devel?oped a model which first established a range of physical face shapes from people of mixed West African and Eu?ropean ancestry from the US, Brazil and Cape Verde. Measurements were taken of thousands of point coordi?nates on grids placed over 3-D images of the faces.


Statistical methods were then used to determine the relationship between facial differences and the effects of genders, ethnic ancestry and individual gene variants.

5.    The underlined word "mugshots" in the second paragraph most probably means "

A,  different faces B. characteristics

C.  pictures of faces     D. genders

6.    What can be inferred from the passage?

A.    DNA has been used to build up a picture of an offender's face.

B.    It may be much easier to catch criminals with the help of DNA.

C.    In all, 20 genes had"significant effects"on facial appearance.

D.    One gene can affect more than one part of your face.

7.    According  to  Professor  Mark  Shriver ,   we know

A.    they can merely match to an individual or identi?fy an individual

B.    there is a possibility of going from DNA to a face

C.    DNA could be used to produce a rough image of an offender's face

D.    this technology is more reliable than computer-gen?erated "E-fits"

8.    What is the most possible title of the passage?

A.    Creating a data bank of DNA

B.    Recognizing the DNA of criminals

C.    Predicting the locations of offences using DNA

D.    Building up an image of an offender's face from DNA

Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people?

9 Yet a very young child―or even an animal, such as a pigeon, can learn to recognize faces. We all take this for granted.

10 When we talk about someone's personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.

Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone's personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. 11 But if you were asked to describe a "nice person" you might begin to think about someone who was kind, consider ate friendly, warm, and so forth.

There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Airport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people's behaviour. 12 Book worms ,conservatives, military types—people are de?scribed with such terms.

People have always tried to "type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audi?ence whether they played the villain's or the hero's role. In fact, the words "person" and "personality" come from the Latin persona, meaning "mask". Today? most televi?sion and movie actors do not wear masks. 13

A.    If you were asked to describe what a " nice face" looked like, you probably would have a difficult time do?ing so.

B.    But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.

C.    We also tell people apart by how they behave.

D.    People have difficulty in describing the features of fingerprints.

E.    And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing one's personality.

F.    Experts say that actors differ in their behavioral and physical characteristics in acting.

G.    Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the feature? that make one face different from another.

Salvation Army Angel Tree Programme

Angel Tree collects gifts for children and families in need. Participate by selecting an angel from any Angel Tree at all Cyprus Credit Union locations or any Utah Macy's Department store. Shop for your angel , and then return your new, unwrapped gift to the same An?gel Tree. Gifts must be returned before December 14. For more information, call 801-988-5678 in the Salt Lake area,801-374-2588 in the Provo area.

Utah Association for People with Intellectual Disabil?ities Holiday Gift Box Programme

"The programme serves primarily low-income adults with intellectual disabilities who don't qualify for other programmes because of age limits," said Joyce Whalen, the association's board president. To donate, visit the association at 1326 S. 2100 East from 9 am to about 5 : 30 pm to choose an ornament(装饰物)that pro?vides information about an individual who will benefit from the programme. Shop for new items and return them by December 14. Donations of generic items, such as towels, socks and hygiene(卫生)products are also accepted, as are monetary donations. For more informa?tion, call 801-440-1674.

Utah Foster Care Foundation's Giving Tree Pro?gramme

The programme seeks new gifts and cash donations to fulfil the holiday wishes of more than 1,000 children in state-licensed foster homes. "Many of the children in care have been removed from their biological homes be?cause of neglect or abuse," said Nikki Mackay, the foundation's director. "Christmas can be a difficult time for them.  To learn how to support the programme, call 877-505-5437.

Utah State Hospital Forgotten Patient Programme 

The programme provides Christmas gifts for hundreds of patients with mental illness. In the history of the programme, which may go back as far as 60 years, organizer Shawna Peterson said, "We've never had a forgotten patient. ,, And she doesn't want this year to change that. To support the programme , contact Peterson at 801-344-6088.

5.    After you buy a gift, you should   .

A.    post it to where you bought

B.    open its package to examine it

C.    send it to families in need for yourself

D.    bring it back in its original form

6.    The underlined phrase "biological homes" in the third programme refers to " A.    homes where they are just brought up

B.    homes where their natural parents live

C.    homes where they learn biology

D.    homes which are related to bacteria

7.    From the last programme, we can infer that .

A.    the patients often forgot to come to the hospital

B.    the patients are often forgotten to be looked after

C.    the patients are being taken good care of

D.    the patients had a poor memory in the hospital

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