Kong Zi , also called Confucius (551-479 B.C) , and Socrates (469-399 B. C) lived only a hundred years apart , and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas , and how these ideas in turn ,shaped their societies.

Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service.

Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:” Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.

For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the center of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.

Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.

1.Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph?

A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common,

B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas.

C. The societies were influenced by the philosophers’ ideas.

D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.

2.Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that .

A. all men were equal when they were born

B. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class

C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom

D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to

3.What made some people different from others according to Confucius?

A. Family. B. Potential.

C. Knowledge. D. Community.

4.This passage is organized in the pattern of .

A. time and events B. comparison and contrast

C. cause and effect D. definition and classification

Our guide was excellent! He walked us through all the local villages and took extra time at the end to enjoy a local dinner. He stayed with us longer than he was obliged(迫使) to and made this a fantastic experience.

Tour snapshot

Travel is all about the street food these days, and why not? It’s fresh, fast, cheap and a great way to crack into the local scene. Join this Hanoi tour to source the best street eats from markets, food carts, street cafes and other hard-to-find-but-totally-worth-the-effort secret spots.

Highlights

Sample delicious Vietnamese cuisine just like the locals do — on the street

Stroll through hidden alleyways and bustling markets of Hanoi’s charming old quarter

Learn more about Hanoi’s unique food culture

Try local specialties with influences from French and Chinese cuisine

Take in a spectacular night view of Hoan Kiem lake from a secret cafe

Schedule details

Duration: 2.5 hours

Meeting point: Sacombank ATM Machine – No. 1 Dong Xuan street (front entrance of Dong Xuan Market, Corner of Dong Xuan St with Cau Dong St)

Starting time: 5. 00 PM

Ending point: Café Pho Co – 11 Hang Gai St, Hoan Kiem

1.What did the guide do?

A. He showed visitors around by car.

B. He took many photos of visitors.

C. He stayed with visitors for extra time.

D. He enjoyed breakfast with visitors.

2.What does the underlined word “snapshot” mean in the passage?

A. A photograph taken quickly and casually.

B. A brief impression of something.

C. An attempt to score in a game.

D. An act of firing a gun.

3.During the tour, we can enjoy ______.

A. various local food

B. charming mountain landscapes

C. many rare animals

D. French and Chinese cuisine

4.We can infer from the passage that the ending time of the tour is ______.

A. 5. 00 PM B. 5. 30 PM

C. 7. 05 PM D. 7. 30 PM

“Dutch” expressions heard in American English were first used in the 17th century. That was a time of fierce competition between England and Holland. At that time, the British used “Dutch” as a word for something bad, or false.

A Dutch agreement was one made between men who had drunk too much alcohol. Dutch leave was what a soldier took when he left his base without permission.

Some of these old expressions are still used today with a little different meaning. Long ago, a Dutch treat or to go Dutch was a dinner at which the invited guests were expected to pay for their own share of food and drink. Now, Dutch treat means that when friends go out to have fun, each person pays his own share.

Another common expression heard a few years ago was “In Dutch”. If someone told you that you were in Dutch, they meant that you were in trouble.

Some of the Dutch expressions heard in American English have nothing to do with the Dutch people at all. In the seventeen hundreds, Germans who moved to the United States often were called Dutch. During the American Civil War, supporters of the northern side in the central state of Missouri were called Dutch, because many of them were German settlers. President Theodore Roosevelt once noted that anything foreign and non-English was called Dutch.

1.If one of your friends collects 60 yuan from you to go to have a meal together, you can use “_____”.

A. Go Dutch B. A Dutch C. In Dutch D. Dutch leave

2.Why does the word “Dutch” often have a negative (not good) meaning in English?

A. Because in the 17th century, the Dutch were timid (胆小的)

B. Because in the 17th century, the Dutch often drank a lot of alcohol.

C. Because in the 17th century, the Dutch often fought with the British.

D. Because in the 17th century, the Dutch didn’t like to pay for others.

3.Which of the following statements is true?

A. The original meaning of “Dutch” refers to the people in the British.

B. “Dutch” sometimes means all that is non-English in American English.

C. The Dutch uncles are often very severe.

D. “Dutch” expressions in English didn’t come from the Dutch at all.

4.What’s the passage mainly about?

A. Telling us that “Dutch” is not a good word.

B. Showing that “Dutch” means differently between the British and the American

C. Telling us there was fierce competition between England and Holland.

D. Helping us enlarge the knowledge about the word “Dutch”.

When it comes to cultural heritage protection, the Grand Canal of China is probably the world’s greatest project of its kind. The big inland waterway system in the north-eastern and central eastern plains passes through eight of the country’s present-day provinces.

The Canal runs from Beijing in the north to Zhejiang Province in the south. Constructed in sections from the 5th century BC onwards, it was designed as a means of communication in the 7th century AD. The Canal is the world’s greatest civil engineering project before the Industrial Revolution.

The Grand Canal reached a peak in the 13th century, providing an inland navigation(航行) network consisting of more than 2,000 kilometers of artificial waterways, linking five of the most important river basins in China, including the Yellow River and the Yangtze. It entered a bid as a UNESCO(联合国教科文组织) cultural heritage site in 2008.

The Grand Canal cultural square is located in Beijing’s Tongzhou district. Ever since the Yuan dynasty 800 years ago, the Tongzhou section of the Grand Canal has been the life blood of Beijing. Grain and building materials were all transported to meet the endless demands of the big cities. Even today, the Grand Canal plays a major role in the lives of its citizens.

"I grew up near the Grand Canal. In the past the waterway was a lot narrower, but now it’s nice and wide and bridges are built over it. I think if the bid for world heritage status succeeds, it will greatly make Tongzhou more famous in the world, especially with Tongzhou aiming to be a sub-center of the capital Beijing," a citizen said.

The result of the bid is set to be released next week, and no doubt it will certainly make it into the history books if the Canal is listed as a world heritage site.

1.It can be concluded from the passage that ________ .

A. The bid’s result of the Canal will be announced soon

B. the Canal is the UNESCO’s newest world heritage site

C. the Canal is to connect Tongzhou with Zhejiang Province

D. the Canal will be a bid for a UNESCO cultural heritage site

2.The Grand Canal was in the most glorious time ________ .

A. when it was aimed as a means of communication

B. when it crossed the Yellow River and the Yangtze

C. when it was born about six hundred years later

D. when it was designed as an artificial waterway

3.What can we infer by reading the passage?

A. Tongzhou used to be the capital of the Yuan dynasty.

B. Most citizens living in Tongzhou depend on the Canal.

C. Tongzhou will benefit if the Canal is made a heritage site.

D. Some citizens think the Canal not to be a cultural heritage item.

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