题目内容
The history of English Coins
English coins have developed and changed over time. In the early 1600s' coins were made using the hammer struck method. Hammered coins or cast coins where the primary way coins were made and thus limited the number of coins that may be placed into circulation (流通). Hammered coins were made as far back as the first millennium BC with continued in use until the 1500s to the 1700s. English coins underwent a change in about 1663.
Hammered English coins were made using a blank quantity of metal that was the required weight and placing it between two dies. A die is a mold (模子) that allows the metal to get cut to a certain size and shape.The metal die contained an image that when hammered without delay would mold the image on each side of the coin. The unit was customarily place on a log or other firm surface which was known as a pile. One person held the die while a second person struck it.
There were several issues with this kind of coin making. For one thing, it was extremely slow and work in depth. Comparatively few coins might be made and placed into circulation. A second problem was that hammered coins had many irregularities. When several coins were placed together in a container and shaken about they were damaged as well. That is why older English coins might have chips(缺口) and rough edges.
During the 17th century hammered coins were replaced with milled (轧有花边的) coins. While France was the first country to start producing coins that were made entirely by machine, Britain wasn't far behind. Britain, in fact, began to manufacture coins on a trial basis in the mid?1500s, but it wasn't until the end of 1662 that English coins were made completely by machine.
The screw press (螺旋压力机) was the first machine to produce coins as an alternative to hammered coins. Leonardo da Vinci was the person who invented the screw press in the 15th century. It was powered by a water mill. Early on efforts were made to protect the coins by edging. You'll see that English?made coins have milled edges.
Milled English coins were much more standard in size and shape as well. The speed at which milled coins could be created allowed the coin circulation to grow and a greater number of coin types to be developed.
English coins were used in this country during the royally period. Hammered coins were produced and used up through the end of the 18th century and were given out across the colonies. English coins went through quite a lot of changes as can be seen in old coins that have been started in the US over time.
__1.__of English coins????????????? Time & Major Events
Hammered
coins????????????? ◆The hammer struck method used to make coins has a history dating back to the first millennium BC.
◆At least two people are needed to carry out the work, with one _2.__the die and the other striking it.
◆__3._：
◆The number of coins made and placed into circulation this way was _4.__.
◆Older English coins were quite __5._，with many having chips and rough edges.
◆Such coins were placed into circulation across the colonies and __6._ in use through the end of the 18th century.
Milled coins????????????? During
the 15th
century????????????? ◆Leonardo da Vinci _7.__the screw press, the 1st machine to produce coins.
????????????? In the
mid?1500s????????????? Britain __8._manufacturing coins.
????????????? In the
17th
century????????????? ◆France became the first country to start producing coins made entirely by machine，_9.__ by Britain, whose machine?made coins were featured by milled edges, but were more regular in size and shape.
◆The coin circulation began to grow.
◆Milled coins appeared as a(n) __10._ to hammered coins.
1.Types
2.holding
3.Disadvantages/Problems/Issues
4.limited
5.irregular
6.remained
7.invented
8.tried
9.followed
10.alternative
【解析】本文介绍了英国硬币的历史及铸造历程。
1.解析 第一段讲到了硬币的不同类型。以下几段都是分别介绍这些种类。
答案 Types
2.解析 由One person held the die while a second person struck it.可知答案。
答案 holding
3.解析 由第三段首句可知答案。
答案 Disadvantages/Problems/Issues
4.解析 由Comparatively few coins might be made and placed into circulation.可知答案。
答案 limited
5.解析 由A second problem was that hammered coins had many irregularities.可知答案。
答案 irregular
6.解析 由末段的Hammered coins were produced and used up through the end of the 18th century可知答案。
答案 remained
7.解析 由倒数第三段的Leonardo da Vinci was the person who invented the screw press in the 15th century.可知答案。
答案 invented
8.解析 由第四段的Britain, in fact, began to manufacture coins on a trial basis in the mid?1500s可知答案。
答案 tried
9.解析 由While France was the first country to start producing coins that were made entirely by machine, Britain wasn't far behind.可知答案。
答案 followed
10.解析 由第四段首句可知答案。
答案 alternative
导学全程练创优训练系列答案
nurses usually wear
white uniforms. Babies are dressed in white at baptisms（洗礼）and brides wear white wedding gowns at weddings.
White in these cases is the symbol of innocence or purity. A “blogger” is a person who writes on an Internet computer Web site called a “blog”. The word “blog” is a short way of saying web log, or personal Web site. Anyone can start a blog, and they can write about anything they like.
There are millions of blogs on the Internet today. They provide news, information and ideas to many people who read them. They contain links to other Web sites. And they provide a place for people to write their ideas and react to the ideas of others.
A research company called Peruse has studied more than 3,000 Web logs. It says that blogs are most popular with teenage girls. They use them to let their friends know what is happening in their lives. The study also says that more than 100,000 bloggers stopped taking part in the activity after a year.
However, some people develop serious blogs to present political and other ideas. For example, the Republican and Democratic parties in the southern state of Kentucky recently started their own blogs. And American companies are beginning to use blogs to advertise their products.
At the same time, some long-standing blogs have ended. Last week, blogging leader Dave Winner closed his free blog service, weblogs.com. He says the site became too costly to continue. He started the blog four years ago, and thousands of people had written on it.
One blog that is still going strong is called Rebecca’s Pocket. It involves much useful information for readers. Rebecca Blood created the Web site in 1999. She wrote about the history of blogs on the site. That article led to a book called “The Weblog Handbook”. It has been translated into four languages so far.
Ms Blood says Rebecca’s Pocket gets about 30,000 visitors a month. She writes about anything and everything----politics, culture and movies. She recently provided medical advice. And she wrote about how to prevent people from stealing money from online bank accounts.
1.The text is written mainly to ____
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A．introduce an Internet computer Web site called “blog” |
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B．introduce a way of reading on blogs |
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C．tell readers about blogs |
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D．tell readers how to write blogs |
2.From the text we can learn that blogs cover almost everything except __ _.
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A．different ideas |
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B．medical advice |
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C．advertisements |
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D．account codes |
3.According to this passage , which of the following is NOT true?
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A．Politicians don’t use blogs at all |
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B．A lot of bloggers no longer write or read blogs |
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C．Those who like to use blogs are mostly teenage girls |
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D．Dave Winer closed his “weblogs.com” because of money shortage |
4. The reason why Rebecca’s Pocket is still going strong is that____
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A．it was created by a woman |
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B．it provides plenty of useful information and advice |
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C．it is about the history of books |
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D．it has editions in at least four different languages |
Street art can be found on buildings, sidewalks, street signs and even trash cans from Tokyo to Paris to New York City. This special kind of art can take the form of paintings, sculptures, cloth or even stickers (张贴物). Street art has become part of a global visual culture. Now, even art museums and galleries are collecting the works of street artists.
It is not easy to provide an exact history of the street art movement. This kind of art has developed in many kinds of ways in places all over the world. Also, because it is illegal to paint public and private property without permission, street artists usually work secretly. This secretive nature of street art and its countless forms make it hard to define exactly. And people have different opinions about the movement. Some think street art is a crime and destroys property. But others see this art as a rich form of non-traditional cultural expression.
Many experts say the movement began in New York City in the 1960s. Young adults would use paint in special cans to spray their “tag” on walls and train cars around the city. This tag was a name they created to identify themselves and their artwork. This colorful style of writing is also called graffiti (涂鸦). It is visually exciting and energetic. Some graffiti paintings were signs marking the territories of city gangs or illegal crime groups.
Graffiti also became a separate movement expressing the street culture of young people living in big cities. Graffiti art represented social and political rebellion (叛逆). This was art that rejected the accepted rules of culture and power. These artists could travel around areas of the city making creative paintings for everyone to see. Sometimes this street art created a conflict between artists and city officials. Graffiti artists created their images and city officials quickly painted over them.
During the 1980s, two New York painters — Keith Haring and Jean Michel began showing their work in art galleries and museums. This is when street art started to become part of the more general popular culture.
1.What can we infer from the first paragraph?
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A．Street art has become popular and is accepted as a kind of culture. |
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B．Street art is very special compared with other forms of popular art. |
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C．Many people are beginning to learn street art. |
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D．Street art is better developed in big cities than in rural areas. |
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
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A．“TAG” was a word created by people to distinguish street artists and the other artists. |
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B．There are three reasons explaining why it is hard to define the history of street art. |
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C．The movement of street art began in the 1980s in New York City. |
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D．All the people don’t think that the street art is a rich form of cultural expression. |
3.The city officials used to get rid of graffiti probably because _____________.
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A．they caused arguments between people |
B．they were ugly in someone’s eyes |
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C．they were not painted under proper guidance |
D．they didn’t express traditional culture |