题目内容

13.Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the experiment of Frederick in the thirteenth century,it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue,he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year.But clearly there was more than lack of language here.What was missing was mothering.Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless,some children are still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If there sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age,but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months they can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words.At three he knows about 1,000words,which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about man's brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a toy-bear with the sound pattern"toy bear".And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced(激发,引起),and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the signals in the children's babbling(咿呀声),grasping and smiling,and responds to them.Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.Sensitivity to the child's nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

55.The writer mentioned the experiment of Frederick toB.
A.support his idea              B.introduce his topic
C.describe a new finding        D.give an example of his theory
56.The purpose of Frederick's experiment was toB.
A.prove that children are born with the ability to speak
B.discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
C.find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
D.prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
57.The reason why some children are backward in speaking is most probably thatC.
A.they are not able to learn language rapidly
B.they are exposed to too much language at once
C.their mothers do not respond enough to their attempts to speak
D.their mothers are not clever enough to help them
58.If a child starts to speak later than others,he willD in future.
A.have a high IQ 
B.be less intelligent
C.be insensitive to verbal signals 
D.not necessarily be backward
59.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?D
A.A child is born with the ability to speak.
B.A child's brain has a complex system which helps to connect the sight and feel of an object.
C.A child can produce his own sentences.
D.A child owes his speech ability to good nursing.
60.According to the passage,the writer agrees thatC.
A.the infants will certainly die because of lack of language.
B.all children learn their language in fixed stages
C.the child's brain is highly selective
D.insensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals will not affect the development of the child's language.

分析 本文讲解的是语言是否像食物一样是人类的一项基本需求,在生命关键的时候,没有它孩子就会饿死或者受到损害呢?实验表明这是有可能的.语言学家认为,语言在人一生中的各个阶段是按固定顺序发展的,如果错过这个关键时期,婴儿就不会轻松地学会语言了.

解答 55.答案 B   推理判断题.作者开门见山提出"语言是否像食物一样是人类的一项基本需求,在生命关键的时候,没有它孩子就会饿死或者受到损害"这一问题,接着介绍了费雷德里克二世做的实验及结果,随后在下文中围绕孩子语言的习得这个话题展开行文,由此判断作者提到这个实验的目的是引出话题,故选B.
56.答案 B  细节理解题.根据文章首段Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard nomother tongue,he told the nurses to keep silent.可知他做实验的目的是试图发现如果孩子听不到人类的语言,孩子会说什么语言,故答案选B.
57.答案  C  细节理解题.根据文章第三段内容Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive tothe signals of the infant,可知有些孩子说话迟钝的原因往往是在孩子大脑正处在快速吸收语言的时期,母亲对婴儿的示意和信号无动于衷,故答案选C.
58.答案 D  细节理解题.根据文章第四段 but there are cases where speech has started late in a child whoeventually turns out to be of high IQ可知有些孩子说话晚但智商很高,所以未来未必是落后于别人,答案选D.
59.答案 D  细节理解题.根据文章倒数第二段内容可知孩子天生就具有讲话的能力,而且人脑有把物体和这个词的音联系在一起功能,此外还会用新奇的方式对语言进行分析,并重新组合,故ABC选项内容正确,而D选项错误.
60.答案 C 细节理解题.根据文章第五段内容And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order inlanguage from the mixture of sound around him,可知婴儿的大脑有着高度的选择性,可以从周围的喧闹中听出语言表达的某种命令,故答案选C.

点评 本篇属于科普文,对于此类文章应该注意一下几个方面
1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题,同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章,学习科普知识,积累常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力.
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点.科普类文章一般由标题(Head line),导语(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成.标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题.导语一般位于整篇文章的首段.背景交待一个事实的起因.主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点.结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题.  
3、对于细节理解题,要细读题材,各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读文章后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息.

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16.A.playingB.eatingC.workingD.quarrelling
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18.A.giftsB.paperC.fruitsD.lunch
19.A.woundedB.disabledC.disappointedD.embarrassed
20.A.realizedB.wonderedC.understoodD.doubted
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22.A.pointedB.shoutedC.lookedD.laughed
23.A.nervousB.angryC.seriousD.crazy
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27.A.fallB.testC.diseaseD.mistake
28.A.pressB.tieC.removeD.treat
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30.A.operationB.examinationC.preparationD.rescue
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32.A.lieB.storyC.noteD.news
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18.Below are descriptions of six famous states in the U.S.
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States.It is the most populous U.S.state and was admitted as the 31st state on September 9,1850.California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west,to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east.Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire:about 37,000 are recorded annually.The California Gold Rush happened in San Francisco and there is also a famous Silicon Valley.Hollywood exists in Los Angeles,making it the center of entertainment."The Golden State"has long been a popular designation for California and was made the official State Nickname in 1968.
Florida is a state in the southeastern region of the United States,bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico,to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean.Miami is the largest metropolitan area in the southeastern United States.The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.Its economy relies mainly on tourism,agriculture,and transportation.Florida is also known for its amusement parks,the production of oranges,and the Kennedy Space Center.Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings,Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams,and continues to attract celebrities and athletes.It is internationally known for golf,tennis,auto racing,and water sports.
Utah is a state in the Western United States.It became the 45th state admitted to the Union on January 4,1896.Utah is the most religiously homogeneous state in the Union.Approximately 63% of Utahans are reported to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or LDS,which greatly influences Utah culture and daily life.The state is a center of transportation,education,information technology and research,government services,mining,and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation.
Texas is the second most populous and the second-largest of the 50 states in the United States of America.Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States.Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify Texas as a former independent republic and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico.The"Lone Star"can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal today.The term"six flags over Texas"came from the several nations that had ruled over the territory.In 1845 it joined the United States as the 28th state.One Texas industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle.Due to its long history as a center of the industry,Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy.
Virginia,is a U.S.state located in the South Atlantic region of the United States.Virginia is nicknamed the"Old Dominion"and the"Mother of Presidents"after the eight U.S.presidents born there.It is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally,manages local roads,and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms.Virginia's economy has many sectors:agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; federal agencies in Northern Virginia,including the headquarters of the Department of Defense and CIA; and military facilities in Hampton Roads,the site of the region's main seaport.Virginia's public schools and many colleges and universities have contributed to growing media and technology sectors.As a result,computer chips have become the state's leading export.
Kentucky,is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States.In 1792 it became the 15th state to join the Union.Kentucky is known as the"Bluegrass State",a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures because of the fertile soil.It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources,including the world's longest cave system,Mammoth Cave National Park,the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States,and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River.Kentucky is also home to the highest per capita number of deer and turkey in the United States.

46.Which state is called the"golden state"and why?A
A.California,because of the gold rush.
B.Texas,because of the stars there.
C.Virginia,because of a famous mother there.
D.Kentucky,because of the famous"KFC"there.
47.The famous writer of"The Old Man and the Sea"once lived inD.
A.Virginia      
B.Texas           
C.California        
D.Florida
48.How is the correct time order for different states to join the U.S.?B
A.California-Utah-Texas-Kentucky                  
B.Kentucky-Texas-California-Utah
C.Kentucky-California-Texas-Utah                   
D.California-Kentucky-Texas-Utah
49.Which of the following match is WRONG?C
A.Cowboys in Texas.
B.Utah and religions.
C.Hollywood in Virginia.
D.Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

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