Your composition should be based on outline given in Chinese below. A. the, the B. an, the C. an, / D. the, / 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Your composition should be based on ____ outline given in_____ Chinese below.

A. the, the B. an, the C. an, / D. the, /

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Why do people cross their fingers when facing difficulties-eve non-religious people? Why do we blame the black cat when we saw the low score of the test?

These habits have been referred to as magical thinking and can be found everywhere in daily life. For example, a person wishes something bad for an annoying colleague. Or parents pray for a safe fight when seeing their son off.

Psychologically helpful

In examining these habits, scientists decided to search for a reason for humans’ belief in magical powers. Psychologists have their own approach to the question.

“I think in part it’s because we are constantly exposed to our own thoughts, and thus likely to overestimate their connection to outside events. ”said Emily Pronin, a psychologist in the US.

For people who are uncertain of their own abilities or slow to take action, magical thinking can be a great help, explained Dr. Daniel Wegner, a professor psychology at Harvard. Feeling that their own thoughts can control things can help people fight depression.

A trait（特点）gained through evolution

But evolutionists have their own ideas.

Two schools of evolutionary thought have come up with reasons by analyzing the development of humans. They are the “adaptationists（适应论者）”and the “byproduct theorists（副产品论者）”.

The adaptationists say that belief in magical powers makes people feel better, less worried about difficulties, more focused on the future, and more willing to care for themselves. People with a strong faith (in something) have a better chance of surviving a tough environment or competition.

But in byproduct theory，magical thinking is a product of our psychological features.

“We automatically look for an explanation of why things happen,”explains Justin Barrett, a psychologist, The brain, therefore, has evolved to make quick judgments about causation（因果关系）. So we often link two events based on nothing more than coincidence. For example, “I was just thinking about looking up my old high school girlfriend when she suddenly called me. ”

Another psychological feature is the theory of mind. We recognize that there could be an unseen power of mind affecting the outcome of an incident.

Byproduct theorists claim that because of these features, we are born with a tendency to believe in our magical thinking.

But we need to confine our magical thinking, warn psychologists.

For most people, beliefs are just some sort of comforting private ritual. When something important is at stake, such as a test or a performance or a relationship, people don’t simply perform their private rituals. They have to prepare.

72. In the Paragraph 1, “Gross their fingers” means .

A. a sign of anxiety and fear

B. a sign of hoping for good luck

C. a sign of cursing bad luck

D. a sign of deep thought

73. Which of the following is true according to the next?

A. Justin Barrett, an evolutionist, denies magical thinking is a product of adaptation.

B. People with a weak faith have a better chance of surviving competition.

C. The adaptationists think we are born with a tendency to believe in our magic thinking.

D. Dr. Daniel Wegner believe magic thinking can be a great help.

74. In which part of the newspaper can you find this passage most possibly?

A. Culture. B. Recreation C. History D. News

75. The author writes the passage mainly to .

A. persuade people to think twice faced with difficulties

B. introduce some information about opinions of evolutionists

C. explain why humans have a need for faith from different respects

D. convince people that magic thinking has advantages and disadvantages

At the sight of the policeman, ___from behind the door.

A. did the boy rush out B. did he sit down

C. out rushed the boy D. rushing out was the boy

―I feel cold and ache all over. I think I be sick.

―That’s too bad.

A. am going to B. am about to C. will D. am to

In many ways, the earliest periods of photography are the most satisfying. Learning to use the controls is easy and comes quickly, and you can measure the results in terms of sharp and correctly developed pictured. Once you have mastered that, you can start on the second step of your photographic work. Using these basic skills in a wide variety of situations to give the pictures you want, noticing what you see through the viewfinder and turning that into the most effective picture becomes totally interesting.

All good photographs have one thing in common; there is no doubt what the subject of the picture is meant to be. Every photographer must use those same standards to his or her work, not only to the finished results but to the subject before he or she takes it. Always work out quite clearly what the subject of the picture is to be and why you are taking the picture. For example, “I am going to take a picture of this street to show the different styles and ages of the buildings and that people have been living, working and shopping in them since time began. ” By doing this you have a better idea of what to include in the picture and what to leave out. How often have you been shown photographs taken by people away on a trip somewhere? The judgment is always similar, something about “the car park is out of the picture to the left”, or “you can’t quite see from this picture but if you go up the street”. The photographs are usually collections of buildings, people, parked cars, possibly a distant look of an ancient church, and best of all, a figure which you are told is Aunt Henrietta, disappearing in the middle distance. When photographers show you their pictures, they have a clear idea of what they want to bring to your attention, but it often does not appear in the picture. If they had given just a little of their time to think about their future judgment before taking the picture, then the picture would relate its own story. Good pictures can show their subjects quickly and easily.

60. What does the author mean by saying “in many ways, the earliest periods of photography are the most satisfying”?

A. The skills of photography are not as satisfactory nowadays as before

B. The earliest pictures were the best pictures people have ever taken

C. Learning to produce a sharp and correctly developed picture is only the first step in photography and is easily learned.

D. The present-day photography depends more on technology than on art

61. What will it bring you if you decide the purpose of the photograph in advance?

A. Means you waste less time.

B. Allows you to stand in the best place

C. Helps you to vary the subjects of your pictures

D. Allows you to leave out unnecessary material

62. Many photographers fail because .

A. their pictures include the buildings and people

B. the subjects of their pictures are not obvious

C. the details are not clear in their pictures

D. the explanation given for their pictures is mistaken

63. What book is this passage most likely taken from?

A. A book on photography for news reporters

B. A book on improving photographic techniques.

C. A book on choosing the right camera.

D. A book on how to photograph people

They are_________ to eat Chinese food though they have been in America for years.
A.content B.please C.interested D.fond

you lose the paper document，sign in www.sohunt.com， you might download all you need．

A．If；which B．So long as；what C．In case；where D．Even if；as

On the long flight to Hawaii , the memory of my childhood ,____________I was my father’s Shadow , came flooding back.

A. as B. when C. while D. where

She was so angry at all _____ I was doing _____ she walked out.

A. that; which B. that; that C. which; that D. what; which

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