题目内容


Now let’s look ourselves as a species in relation to ecosystem balance.Modern scientists believe that humankind, like other animals, evolved(进化) through millions of years of changes and adaptations to the environment and that our most direct evolutionary ancestor was probably an earlier species of the primate(monkey, ape) group. Despite this similarity with other creatures, however, the evolution of humankind differs from that of other species in one important and unique way.
In other species, evolution has led to specialization, both in the species abilities and in its place within the environmental structure. For example, the giraffe is much adapted to feeding on treetops, but it is also specialized and thus limited to feeding on trees and shrubs. Only with great difficulty can it bend down to graze on the ground. Similarly, the anteater is extremely well adapted to eating ants but is unable to catch or eat other animals. The same is true for countless other species.
For humankind it is opposite. Our evolution had led to a very generalized ability. Our highly developed intelligence and ability to make and handle tools mean that we can do almost anything. Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space. No natural competitor offers great resistance, and other natural enemies such as disease have been controlled.
Said another way, we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance. The result is the rapidly increasing world population, frequently referred to as the population explosion. Further, to support our growing population, natural ecosystems are being increasingly displaced by human habitations, agriculture, and other human supporting activities.
【小题1】From the passage we can infer that in the course of evolution _______.

A.humankind is very important to earlier species, such as the primate group
B.human beings are limited by the environment while animals are not
C.human beings become more and more different from each other
D.humankind has experienced a generalization rather than specialization in ability
【小题2】According to the passage, primate includes such animals as _______.
A.monkeys and anteatersB.tigers and apes
C.apes and monkeysD.monkeys and giraffes
【小题3】According to the passage, evolution has made it possible for humans to _______.
A.increase the population
B.resist natural offers
C.go to the moon
D.cure all diseases
【小题4】According to the author, imbalance between biological potential and environ mental resistance has resulted in _______.
A.the population explosion
B.the destruction of human habitations
C.the growth of natural ecosystem
D.the specialization of humans


【小题1】D
【小题2】C
【小题3】C
【小题4】A

解析试题分析:
【小题1】推理题,由前两段对人类和其他的生物的进化过程的比较可知人类经历了一个泛化的能力而不是专门的能力。故选D.
【小题2】细节题,由第一段probably an earlier species of the primate(monkey, ape) group.可知primate包括猩猩和猴子等,故选C。
【小题3】推理题,由Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space.可知人们有可能进入太空,故选C.
【小题4】细节题,由we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance. The result is the rapidly increasing world population,可知生物潜能和环境承受能力之间的不平衡主要是人口的剧增导致的。故选A。
考点:说明文阅读。
点评:本文主要讲述了人类的进化,以及与其他生物进化的区别。首先通读全文,了解基本大意,然后根据提问理解细节,选出正确选项。考查考生的阅读理解能力。

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阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36-55所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。
There is a beautiful story about a child playing with a vase his mother had left on the table for a few moments. When the mother turned   16  the sound of her son’s crying she saw that his  17   was in the vase and was apparently stuck. She   18  to help him and pulled and pulled until the child cried out   19 . But the hand was stuck fast(牢固地). How would they get it out? The father suggested   20  the vase but it was quite valuable and the child’s hand might be cut in the   21 _. Yet he knew that if all else   22  there would be no other alternative.
So he said to the boy, “Now, let’s make one more   23 . Open your hand and stretch your   24  out straight, as I’m doing, and then pull!” “  25  Dad,” said the boy, “if I do that I’ll   26  my penny!”
The boy had had a coin in his hand   27  and was holding it   28 in his tight little fist. And he wasn’t   29  to open his hand and lose it. But  30  he opened his hand it came out of the vase easily.
The father said to the boy, “What are you holding onto so tightly as to hinder (阻碍) your walk with God? That vase can be  31  to the entrance to the Kingdom of God. It is narrow yet quite  32   to pass in, but first you must open your hand to God and   33  earthly(世俗的)things to fall. If we keep our fists   34  and hold fast to what we have and keep it for ourselves, we will be unable to   35  hold of the hand of God. Open your hand to the hand of God and you will see great things take place.”

【小题1】
A.inB.atC.from D.on
【小题2】
A.foot B.hair C.hand D.head
【小题3】
A.tried B.refusedC.completed D.separated
【小题4】
A.in fun B.in generalC.with fear D.in pain
【小题5】
A.abandoning B.selling C.burning D.breaking
【小题6】
A.time B.state C.process D.record
【小题7】
A.failed B.lost C.impressed D.tried
【小题8】
A.chance B.choice C.try D.force
【小题9】
A.lip B.fingers C.nails D.thumb
【小题10】
A.But B.And C.Though D.When
【小题11】
A.touch B.hit C.employ D.lose
【小题12】
A.all the time B.in time C.at one time D.for some time
【小题13】
A.apparently B.securely C.stupidly D.normally
【小题14】
A.hesitated B.accepted C.excited D.prepared
【小题15】
A.yet B.since C.once D.although
【小题16】
A.seemed B.compared C.looked D.related
【小题17】
A.difficult B.safe C.easy D.quiet
【小题18】
A.allow B.admit C.forbid D.make
【小题19】
A.open B.urgent C.closed D.intended
【小题20】
A.bring B.take C.have D.come

完形填空 (共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)
The moment happened 30 yours ago but it was still fresh in my memory. I was a college freshman and had   26  up most of the night before laughing and talking with friends. Now just before my first  27  of the day my eyelids were feeling heavier and heavier and my head was drifting down to my desk to make my textbook a   28 . A few minutes nap(小睡)time before class couldn’t   29 , I thought.
BOOM! I lifted my head suddenly and my eyes opened wider than saucers. I looked around with my   30  beating wildly trying to find the cause of the   31  . My young professor was looking at me with a boyish(孩子气的)smile on his face. He had   32  dropped the textbooks he was carrying onto his desk. “Good morning!”, he said still   33  . “I am glad to see everyone is   34 . Now let’s get started. ”
For the next hour I wasn’t sleepy at all. It wasn’t from the   35  of my professor’s textbook alarm clock either. It was instead from the   36  discussion he led. With knowledge and good    37 he made the material come   38  . His insight was full of both wisdom and loving-kindness. And the enthusiasm and joy that he   39  with were contagious(有感染力的). I   40  the classroom not only wide awake, but a little  41  and a little better as well.
I learned something far more important than not   42  in class that day too. I learned that if you are going to do something in this life,do it well,do it with   43  . What a wonderful place this would be if all of us did our work happily and well. Don’t sleepwalk(梦游)your way through  44  then. Wake up! Let your love fill your work. Life is too   45  not to live it well.

【小题1】
A.tookB.dividedC.stayedD.put
【小题2】
A.classB.testC.taskD.lecture
【小题3】
A.platformB.pillowC.carpetD.wall
【小题4】
A.benefitB.helpC.lastD.hurt
【小题5】
A.heartB.mindC.thoughtD.head
【小题6】
A.troubleB.noise
C.failureD.reference
【小题7】
A.angrilyB.unfortunately
C.deliberatelyD.reasonably
【小题8】
A.smilingB.talkingC.complainingD.shouting
【小题9】
A.activeB.curiousC.presentD.awake
【小题10】
A.soundB.shockC.revolutionD.blow
【小题11】
A.fascinatingB.convincing
C.puzzlingD.encouraging
【小题12】
A.detail B.senseC.humorD.design
【小题13】
A.strangeB.naturalC.handyD.alive
【小题14】
A.taughtB.spreadC.combinedD.started
【小题15】
A.decoratedB.filledC.leftD.entered
【小题16】
A.clearerB.smarterC.quieterD.stronger
【小题17】
A.discussingB.speakingC.cheatingD.sleeping
【小题18】
A.joyB.speed
C.aimD.qualification
【小题19】
A.workB.lifeC.journeyD.college
【小题20】
A.hardB.complexC.shortD.simple

Apologizing is both an Art and a Science. The Art lies in the manner in which the apology is delivered while the Science is the recipe that forms the apology itself. A proper apology should always include several ingredients. Now let’s take a closer look at these ingredients.

Give a detailed account of the offense, and make sure both you and the other person are talking about the same thing. Whether you make it in secret or public doesn’t matter, but your apology should be focused on the particular event.

Next, by acknowledging the hurt or damage done, you are making the recipient (接受者) begin to sense that you understand the situation. It is important to rebuild your relationship because it makes them feel their anger is understandable.

Don’t try to defend yourself by offering any excuses, which is important to let them know that you understand the event and you actions do cause them harm. The apology is all about THEM and how they feel. It doesn’t matter if the actions were intentional or not, the end result is the same and that is what needs to be focused on when learning how to say, “I’m sorry”.

Give a sincere statement of regret such as “I apologize” or “I’m sorry”. Above all, tell them it won’t happen again. After all, there is no value in apologizing for something that you will do again and again.

Finally, asking for forgiveness at the end of the apology gives the power back to the recipient. It tells them, that you have done all that you can do by apologizing and providing whatever form of restitution(补偿)you can. The next move is up to them.

By including all these ingredients and applying them to your situation, you will know exactly how to say “I’m sorry” next time you need to.

1.The passage mainly tells readers ____.

A. the importance of apologizing

B. the process of apologizing

C. how to apologize effectively

D. how to repair a broken friendship

2.How will the recipient react when you admit hurting them?

A. They will be sorry for being angry with you.

B. They will treat you differently right away.

C. They will understand the situation better.

D. They will think their former reaction normal.

3.When you make an apology, you should concentrate on ____.

A. finding out better excuses

B. taking responsibility for the event

C. defending yourself from more harm

D. understanding the current situation

4.What is the key to any apology?

A. A sincere statement of regret.

B. Giving the recipient more power.

C. A promise that you won’t repeat your wrongdoings.

D. Giving the recipient a detailed account of the event.

 

The whole world was talking about Octopus(章鱼)Paul Allen since it had a 100%correct prediction record of the matches,including Germany in the ongoing FIFA World Cup 2010.The question was whether there be a prediction of the grand final, since it did not include Germany.

 The answer to that much awaited question is yes. Celebrity Octopus Paul Allen does have a winner. It has picked Spain over Holland to lift the wishful prize. In a live television show all over Europe, Paul picked out a mussel(蚌)from the tank with the Spanish flag, ignoring the tank that had the Dutch flag. This means the prediction is that Spain will be FIFA World Cup 2010 champion.Regarding the place 3 and 4 playoff, Octopus Paul A11en has predicted that Germany will beat Uruguay to take the 3 rd place, which was right.

 Octopus Paul Allen has become a worldwide celebrity after it has predicted with 100% accuracy all of Germany’s World Cup games’ outcomes. It even stopped critics and experts when it correctly predicted a Serbia win over the strong Germans. Much to the sorrow of German fans,it also rightly predicted Spain having an advantage over Germany in the semifinals. And when this came true,there were many calls from angry and sad Germans fans to kill and eat it.Now let’s wait and see if this final prediction by Octopus Paul Allen comes true and its 100%accuracy record stays the same.It goes without saying. Spain will be smiling, at least right now!

1. Octopus Paul Allen became a hot topic because__________.

A. it predicted records of FIFA World Cup 2010 matches correctly

B. it was the mascot of FIFA World Cup 2010

C. it took part in the game with Germany and other teams

D. it lent a helping hand to Germany to win the game

2. From the second paragraph we know that the third place in FIFA World Cup 2010 was______.

  A. Spain    B. Holland    C. Germany    D. Uruguay

3.. According to the passage, when this news is released,_______.

A. FIFA World Cup 2010 has come to an end

B. Spain has already beaten Germany in the semifinals

C. Spain has already won the World Cup 2010 champion

D. the sad German fans have killed Octopus Paul Allen

4.. By saying “It goes without saying”, the writer means_______.

A. Spain will be FIFA World Cup 2010 champion 

B. Octopus Paul Allen won’t predict anything in the future

C. Octopus Paul Allen will surely leave

D. everything goes on well

 

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