Question

【题目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Measles (麻疹) breaks out in the Northwest

The U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago, largely due to a drop in vaccination (接种疫苗) rates in some communities.

An outbreak in Washington state has sickened 23 people this month, mostly children under 10. Local health officials in Clark County, declared a public-health 【1】 on Friday. They also urged residents to track 【2】 symptoms and call ahead before heading to medical centers.

State officials announced the 【3】 of measles from the U.S. in 2000, thanks to a widespread vaccination program. But travelers entering the country with measles, as well as dropping vaccination rates in some states in recent years, has led to a rise in infection. Last year, there were a total of 17 outbreaks, 【4】 as three or more cases linked together, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New York and New Jersey 【5】 for roughly half of the 2018 cases. The Clark County outbreak began early last week with three confirmed cases and has since grown to 23 confirmed and two more 【6】. Of those cases, 20 were unvaccinated and the others are unconfirmed.

Measles is highly 【7】; the virus spreads through the air by coughing or sneezing, the CDC says. Early 【8】 include a high fever, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes, followed by tiny, white spots inside the mouth and the red, bumpy rash (疹子) that people 【9】 associate with the infection. Children younger than 5 or adults older than 20 are more likely to suffer from complications, according to the CDC.

In order to prevent the further spread of the outbreak, local health officials are posting times and places where residents may have been exposed. They are urging residents who haven’t been vaccinated to 【10】 whether they have been exposed and to take appropriate action.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】F

【2】H

【3】E

【4】C

【5】A

【6】J

【7】G

【8】K

【9】B

【10】D

【解析】

这是一篇应用文。这是一篇新闻，在美国西北地区一些地方爆发了麻疹，主要原因是一些社区的接种疫苗率的下降。

【1】考查名词。句意：周五，克拉克县的当地卫生官员宣布有突发的公共卫生事件。空格处由a修饰，说明是名词。 根据The U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago.可知麻疹几年前被消除了，所以这次麻疹的爆发应该是突发事件（emergency），F符合句意，故填F。

【2】考查形容词。句意：他们还敦促居民去医疗中心之前，探查（自己是否有）潜在的症状并且要提前打电话。空格处修饰的是symptom,说明这里要填一个形容词。potential意为“潜在的”，符合句意，故填H。

【3】考查名词。句意：由于广泛的疫苗接种计划，国家官员在2000年宣布在美国，麻疹已被消除。根据第一段中的：“The U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago,”可知在几年前已经宣布麻疹被消灭了，这里与前文相呼应，在2000年，国家宣布了麻疹的消灭（elimination）。故填E。

【4】考查动词。句意：根据美国疾病控制和预防中心的数据，去年共确定了17起疫情，其中三起或及以上相互关联。根据句意，这里要表达的是确定了(define) 三起或及以上相互关联, 故选C。

【5】考查动词。句意：纽约和新泽西（发生的疫情）约占2018年（疫情）的一半。根据前文，2018年发生了17起疫情，再根据后文“half of the 2018 cases.”2018年一半的疫情，可知这里想表达的是纽约与新泽西的疫情占了一半，account for为固定搭配，意为“（数量/比例占）”，符合句意，故选A。

【6】考查动词。句意：上周早些时候，克拉克县爆发了三起确诊病例，至此（麻疹被确认的）已增长至23例，另外两例是被怀疑的。根据 has since grown to 23 confirmed可知现在麻疹被确诊的已到达23个，那么还有两例肯定就是还没确诊，是被怀疑（suspected）得了麻疹，故选J。

【7】考查形容词。句意：麻疹具有高度传染性;疾病预防控制中心称，病毒通过咳嗽或打喷嚏在空气中传播。根据后文the virus spreads through the air by coughing or sneezing, the CDC says.可知麻疹病毒通过空气就能传播，说明麻疹是具有传染性的（infectious）,故选G。

【8】考查名词。句意：初期症状包括高烧，咳嗽，流鼻涕和眼睛发红，流泪。

后文的“a high fever, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes”都是得麻疹会有的一些症状（symptom），故选K。

【9】考查副词。句意：接下来的（症状）是口腔内的微小白点和红色，凹凸不平的皮疹（疹子），人们通常会把这些皮疹与传染病联系在一起。分析句子成分可知空格处修饰associate这个动词，应该用副词，有两个选项符合。根据that people associate with the infection.可知人们把这些红疹与传染联系在一起，这种认知应该是大家普遍（commonly）会有的。B项符合语境，故选B。

【10】考查动词。句意：他们正在敦促未接种疫苗的居民查明他们是否已经暴露于（有麻疹的环境）并采取适当的行动。后面的whether they have been exposed（是否已经暴露于（有麻疹的环境）是个疑问，需要居民自己去确认查明（determine）,故选D。