题目内容

2.Engineers should embrace(接受) the arts,Sir John O'Reilly,a fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology,argued in a lecture.
About 59% of engineering companies in the IET's 2014survey feared skill shortages could threaten(威胁) business.
"There is nothing as creative as engineering,"Sir John told the reporter.He says science,technology,engineering and mathematics-often known as"Stem"subjects,are vital for a modern knowledge economy.But there is a massive shortfall in the number of recruits(招聘)-with a recent study by the Royal Academy of Engineering saying the UK needs to increase by as much as 50% the number of Stem graduates it produces.
Delivering this year's Mountbatten Lecture at the Royal Institution,Sir John argued that engineers should recognise the role of the arts in their work-among other benefits; this could attract more people into the profession.The lecture,Full Steam Ahead for Growth,advocated a wider adoption--Steam,or science,technology,engineering,arts and maths.Engineers should embrace the arts as being key to creativity and an important component of innovation(创新),crucial to creating new products and boosting future competitiveness,he argued."Engineering and technology is an increasingly diverse and creative field,"said Sir John.
Some university engineering departments already cooperated with art schools to develop understanding,he told the reporter.In particular he mentioned Cranfield University's Centre for Creative Competitive Design and Imperial College's work with the Royal College of Art.The two sets of people could work well together and more emphasis on the creative side of engineering could improve the success of products,he said.
"Aesthetics(美学) is part of it,"he told the reporter,adding that Apple's iPod was not the first digital media player,nor the only one that worked-but it came to dominate the market"because it was nice to have".
Sir John said he was not suggesting universities started requiring A-level art from engineering applicants-the key subjects for admission would continue to be maths and the sciences.But an emphasis on creative skills would help"broaden the pool and attract more people in".

41.According to a recent study by the Royal AcademyD.
A.skill shortages could threaten business
B.engineering graduates are not as creative as expected
C.there are not enough arts graduates produced in the UK.
D.the UK needs more graduates in science,technology,engineering and mathematics
42.According to the lecture Full Steam Ahead for Growth,B.
A.engineers should cooperate with arts majors
B.Accepting the arts could attract more people into engineering
C.engineers should realize arts play the most important part in their work
D.engineering and technology is as diverse and creative as before
43.By giving the example of Apple's iPod,Sir John intends toA.
A.stress the importance of arts
B.stress the importance of marketing
C.stress the importance of communication
D.stress the importance of science and technology
44.Which of the following is true according to the passage?C
A.More university students should study arts instead of engineering.
B.Engineering and technology is increasingly different and unrelated fields.
C.The IET's skills survey raised concerns about the number of recruits to engineering.
D.Students from some university engineering departments have already transferred to art schools
45.What is the passage mainly about?D
A.Lack of creativity makes it difficult for the engineering major to find a satisfactory job.
B.The key subjects for engineering majors remain to be maths and the sciences rather than arts.
C.University engineering departments should cooperate with art schools to improve the success of products.
D.Engineering needs to emphasize its creative side to encourage more young people to choose it as a career.

分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读.文章主要介绍了STEM科目,它一般指科学、技术、工程和数学等,而最近英国的一份调查报告显示,攻读STEM课程的学生比例下降,英国STEM学科的发展前景令人堪忧.在文章中Sir John提出人们应该认识到工程学当中的艺术成分,呼吁更多年轻人进入这一领域.

解答 41.D 细节理解题.根据第三段But there is a massive shortfall in the number of recruits(招聘)-with a recent study by the Royal Academy of Engineering saying the UK needs to increase by as much as 50% the number of Stem graduates it produces.可知招聘人才大量短缺,需要增加50%STEM毕业生的数量.由此推知,英国缺少STEM研究科目方面的人才.故选D.
42.B 细节理解题.根据第四段Sir John argued that engineers should recognise the role of the arts in their work-among other benefits; this could attract more people into the profession.可知认识到工程学中的艺术成分会吸引更多的人来从事这一行业.故选B.
43.A 推理判断题.根据倒数第二、三段Sir John 提到艺术学校和工程专业学生的合作能够促进产品的成功的原因是"Aesthetics(美学) is part of it--美学是它的一部分",然后以Apple's iPod为例,由此判断Sir John通过Apple'iPod是想说明艺术在工程学方面的重要性.故选A.
44.C 细节理解题.通过第二、三段内容可知这份调查显示了在STEM研究学科方面人员的缺少,而且Sir John在调查中鼓励年轻人进入这一领域.故选C.
45.D 主旨大意题.本文是一篇调查报告,在首段先提出Engineers should embrace(接受) the arts--工程师应该接受艺术,进而指出在STEM研究学科方面人员的缺少,然后在下文呼吁人们要强调工程学中的艺术方面,以此吸引更多的年轻人从事这一行业,由此判断本文中心内容是要人们意识到工程学中创新的一面从而鼓励年轻人从事这一行业.故选D.

点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力以及细心程度,只要抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,就能找到正确答案.

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11.The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought,a report suggests.The Sutton Trust study says children's early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak,learn and think.Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security,it says.And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds.The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment-a key theory in child development and psychology.This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.
The report from the Sutton Trust education charity,entitled Baby Bonds,makes the case that it has an important impact on children's future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being.It is based on an analysis of more than 100studies on the issue,including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory,it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment.And it asks them to take this into account.The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds-known as secure attachment-they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach school.
And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life,with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training.They are also more likely to suffer from aggression,defiance and hyperactivity later in life.
The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents.Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found,from their observations,that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations.She added:"Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behavior.Shouting,looking out of the window,hitting each other…These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning.It's really only as we understand more about these behavior problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents."
Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said:"Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility,as there is such a clear link to education,behavior and future employment.The educational divide emerges early in life,with a 19-month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.
This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children's life chances."More support from health visitors,children's centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap."

The Sutton Trust study
IntroductionThe study reveals children's early attachment to parents (71)largely/greatly affects their ability to speak,learn and think.
Method of the studyResearchers (72)analyzed/analysed more than 100case studies on the issue through visiting homes,assessing children and (73)observingchildren.
Statistics of the study•In the UK,only about 60% of children have a secure attachment with their parents.

•In other countries where the studies were carried out,the numbers are quite (74)close.
Negative effects of insecure (75)attachment•A (76)lack of secure parental bonding may lead to poor language and behavior for preschool children.
At the age of five,the (77)biggest school readiness gap between children can be 19months.

•Without secure attachment,future life difficulties such as quitting school,(78)hiding/escaping from work and other emotional issues would emerge.
The significance of parental attachmentBetter bonding between parents and babies could lead to a change in people's social (79)status because it narrows children's school readiness gap and it improves children's life chances.
SuggestionA (80)combined/joint effort is needed for strong parent-child bonding.
12.About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table,I couldn't help overhearing parts of their conversation.At one point the woman asked,"So,how have you been?"And the boy-who could not have been more than seven or eight years old-replied."Frankly,I've been feeling a little depressed lately."
   This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed (确认) my growing belief that children are changing.As far as I can remember,my friends and I didn't find out we were"depressed",that is,in low spirits,until we were in high school.
     Undoubtedly a change in children has increased steadily in recent years.Children don't seem childlike anymore.Children speak more like adults,dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
     Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say,but it certainly is different.Childhood as it once was no longer exists.Why?
      Human development is depended not only on born biological states,but also on patterns of gaining social knowledge.Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new social positions.Children have always been taught adult secrets,but slowly and in stages; traditionally,we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
    In the last 30 years,however,a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been equipped in 98 percent of American homes.It is called television.Television passes information to all viewers alike,whether they are children or adults.Unable to resist the temptation (诱惑),many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging,more attractive moving pictures.
     Communication through print,as a matter of fact,allows for a great deal of control over the social information which children will gain.Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.
67.According to the author,feeling depressed isD
A.a sure sign of a mental problem in a child
B.a mental state present in all humans,including children
C.something that cannot be avoided in children's mental development
D.something hardly to be expected in a young child
68.Traditionally,a child is supposed to learn about the adult worldB
A.through connection with society 
B.gradually and under guidance
C.naturally without being taught
D.through watching television
69.According to the author,that today's children seem adultlike results fromA       
A.the widespread influence of television
B.the poor arrangement of teaching content
C.the fast pace of human scientific development
D.the rising standard of living
70.What does the author think of communication through print for children?D
A.It enables children to gain more social information.
B.It develops children's interest in reading and writing.
C.It helps children to read and write well.
D.It can control what children are to learn.
71.What does the author think of the change in today's children?B
A.He feels their adultlike behavior is so funny.
B.He thinks the change worthy of note.
C.He considers it a rapid development  
D.He seems to be upset about it.
14.On March 9th,Apple,probably the most successful technology company in history,held an event to launch its smartwatch,which will go on sale next month.In addition to keeping track of time,the watch measures the wearer's heart rate and activity levels,processes voice commands,gives alerts of incoming e-mails and calls and facilitates payments in checkout lines.In other words,it does a lot of what smartphones already accomplish,but is worn on the wrist and must be close to an iPhone in order to function.Why is there so much buzz about this watch?
  As smartphones have enjoyed a sudden and tremendous boost in global appeal,people have started to wonder what the next major technology trend would be.Many analysts have pinned their hopes on wearable devices,which contain small sensors to track and display information.This category includes everything from smartwatches like Apple's,to fitness bands that measure sleep patterns and exercise,to"smart"shoes that measure distance,to smart glasses that can take voice commands and display information.Wearables promise to measure personal data and save people time:a glance at one's wrist to see alerts takes fewer seconds than pulling out a phone.Companies in various industries,from mining to airlines,are also cautiously testing whether wearables can help improve efficiency or customer service.
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    Apple has a record of pushing existing technologies into the mainstream,including the Macintosh computer,iPod,iPhone and iPad.This helps explain why people are so interested in Apple's watch.If the firm's new product is attractive enough,it could validate (使…有效)a whole category of technology.Apple has enough loyal fans to sell millions of watches this year.But wearable devices'usefulness for the masses remains uncertain.In the meantime,firms and software developers will need to invest more time and resources in designing new applications that will put the"wear"in wearables.

74.The underlined word"buzz"in the first paragraph probably means"A".
A.excitement
B.doubt
C.complaint
D.satisfaction
75.Apple's smartwatch has all the following functions except thatC.
A.it makes payments more convenient
B.it informs people of the arrival of emails
C.it enables the wearer to talk to the caller
D.it reacts to commands when talked to
76.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?C
A.Apple can become the mainstream in technology because most of its products own attractive appearances.
B.Wearable technology is popular among the majority because it serves various purposes in diverse areas.
C.Firms and software developers need to make wearable devices more wearable to meet the needs of the majority.
D.Many people still want to buy Google Glass even if it doesn't look good on fashion models.
77.What is the purpose of writing this passage?B
A.To tell people about the functions and limits of Apple's smartwatch.
B.To argue that the smartwatch can serve as a good example to improve wearable devices.
C.To encourage various companies to improve their businesses by using wearables.
D.To help consumers differentiate the smartwatch from other wearable gadgets.
2.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.
"The first step towards greatest is to be honest."Everyone believes in this saying but it takes pains to do so.
A thief who(26)Aa winning lottery ticket(彩票)at the scene of his crime has been given a lesson in honesty.His(27)D,who picked up the ticket,then claimed(认领) the£25,000prize,managed to(28)Bthe owner,and handed over the cash.
The(29)Chappened when Professor Vinicio was(30)Ca tyre on an Italian highway.Another(31)A,who was just passing by,stopped to"help",(32)Da suitcase from her car and drove off.The(33)Bfound the dropped ticket and put it in her pocket before driving home to Ascoli in eastern Italy.
The next day,she(34)Ato see the lottery results on TV and,taking out the ticket,she realized it was a(35)C.She claimed the big prize.Then she began a battle with her(36)D.Finally,she decided she could not keep the money(37)Bhaving been robbed.She advertised in newspapers and on radio,saying:"I'm trying to find the man who(38)Ame.I have a£25,000prize for him--a lottery win.Please meet me.Anonymity(匿名)(39)C."
Professor Vinicio received hundreds of calls from(40)Dpeople hoping to trick her into handing them the cash.(41)Bthere was one voice she recognized-and she arranged to meet the man in a park.The robber,a 35-year-old unemployed father of two,(42)Athe suitcase and burst into tears.He could not believe what was happening."Why didn't you keep the money?"he asked,feeling quite(43)A.The professor replied:"I(44)Cbecause it's not mine."Then she walked off,(45)Dthe thief's offer of a reward.

26.A.droppedB.boughtC.stoleD.offered
27.A.bossB.professorC.friendD.victim
28.A.punishB.seekC.cheatD.catch
29.A.jokeB.accidentC.robberyD.murder
30.A.makingB.damagingC.changingD.selling
31.A.driverB.policeC.winnerD.companion
32.A.leftB.returnedC.foundD.stole
33.A.passer-byB.ladyC.helperD.stranger
34.A.happenedB.hesitatedC.failedD.tried
35.A.wasteB.loserC.winnerD.chance
36.A.careerB.courageC.luckD.conscience
37.A.because ofB.despiteC.withoutD.in return for
38.A.robbedB.knewC.troubledD.admired
39.A.expectedB.neededC.guaranteedD.wanted
40.A.braveB.meanC.generousD.dishonest
41.A.SoB.ButC.ThusD.Instead
42.A.gave backB.gave upC.took upD.looked for
43.A.ashamedB.satisfiedC.disappointedD.excited
44.A.daren'tB.mightn'tC.couldn'tD.needn't
45.A.sharingB.acceptingC.appreciatingD.rejecting.

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