When parents use sarcasmto make jokes with their young children, do the kids see the humor? Not likely, according to a Canadian researcher who has completed a study showing that children need to be 10 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

When parents use sarcasm（讽刺）to make jokes with their young children, do the kids see the humor? Not likely, according to a Canadian researcher who has completed a study showing that children need to be 10 or older before fully getting the idea that sarcasm can be funny or even rude. “The results offer good advice for everything from the content of children’s television programming to understanding rude behaviors,” University of Calgary psychologist Penny Pexman said. “Our study suggests that the 5-year-olds are beginning to understand the simplest form of sarcasm and are getting better at it, but still by the age of eight they really don’t find it funny. So there is disconnection there,” said Pexman, who has been studying sarcasm for the past six years. “They can see that the person means the opposite of what they are saying, but they don’t find it humorous.” In addition, children under the age of 10 almost always took a sarcastic remark as a serious one, even when it was intended to be humorous. It is still not completely clear what determines how children understand sarcasm, but Pexman said factors（因素）could include the amount used at home, their social environment and the types of television shows they watch. In fact, adults write kids’ television programs but much of the humor may be lost on the intended audience, she said.

1．One of the aims for Pexman to study sarcasm is .

A．to play jokes with young children

B．to help children learn more humor

C．to guide kids’ television programming

D． to make children learn the funny world

2．What can we conclude from the passage?

A．The 5-year-olds were too stupid to understand sarcasm.

B．The 8-year-olds knew sarcasm was funny and rude.

C．The 11-year-olds always took a sarcastic remark seriously.

D．The 12-year-olds could find sarcasm funny or even rude

3．Which of the following is Pexman’s conclusion?

A．It’s not a good idea for parents to tell children what humor is

B．Humours written by adults sometimes fail to work among children.

C．Kids’ sense of humor is decided by the type of TV sets at their home.

D．Adults shouldn’t write kids’ TV programs since they don’t have a sense of humor

CDB

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Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation（模仿）leads on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. It is a problem we need to get out. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.

. Before children start speaking，what is greatly different?________.

A. the amount of listening

B. a number of listening

C. the sound of listening

D. the meaning of listening

starters are often long listeners, the sentence means one can ________.

A. be hard to speak fluently

B. begin to speak quickly

C. start with listening

D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly

these can not be said to show a baby’s intention to speak, these refer to ________.

A. pain　　 B. happiness C. Kindness D. above of all

according to the writer, we can draw a conclusion that ________.

A. children are fond of imitating

B. these imitation can be considered as speech

C. children get more experience of the world

D. children’s use of words are often meaningless

When a child is six months, he can ________.

A. call his mama

B. imitate many languages

C. store new words

D. play with sounds

Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation(模仿) leads on to deliberate(有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

It is a problem we need to get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at seven months, of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaning-less sound simply because he also uses it at another time for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.

Before children start speaking _______.

A. they need equal amount of listening

B. they need different amounts of listening

C. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obey spoken instructions

D. they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions

Children who start speaking late _______.

A. may have problems with their listening

B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them

C. usually pay close attention to what they hear

D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly

A baby’s first noises are _______.

A. an expression of his moods and feelings

B. an early form of language

C. a sign that he means to tell you something

D. an imitation of the speech of adults

The problem of deciding at what point a baby’ imitations can be considered as speech _______.

A. is important because words have different meanings for different people

B. is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually

C. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age

D. is one that should be completely ignored(忽略) because children’s use of words is of-ten meaningless

The speaker implies _______.

A. parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds

B. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak

C. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly

D. even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
With the development of economy, people tend to pursue high quality living conditions. Most of the parents try their best to offer their children comfortable circumstances, but they seldom have time to stay with their children. In my opinion, no matter how busy they are, they should make the best of their time to stay with their children.
Every time when parents take them to the amusement park, help them to prepare their birthday parties, applaud for them when they are competing in the sports meeting, the time they spend with children will become treasure in their memories.
Children need the direction from their parents. There are some wrong behaviors in our society such as dishonesty, violence and so on. Children have weak resistance in defending this negative influence. In this case, parents' instructions seem to be very important to children's growth. Parents should sit down smd talk with them about what they should do and should not do.
I do not deny that there are some disadvantages in spending too much time with children. Some parents restrict their children, and give them little freedom to develop their interests. Therefore, I emphasize that parents should educate and instruct their children appropriately in their spare time apart from their busy work.
[写作内容]
你将参加一场主题辩论会，主题为“父母该为孩子的行为习惯负责吗?”参赛前，你要查阅相关资料，并准备你的主题发言，请仔细阅读下文，然后完成以下的任务：
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“父母该为孩子的行为负责吗?”这个主题发表你的看法，并包含以下的内容要点：
a)你认为父母是否该对此负责，并阐明你的理由；
b)你对父母们的建议。
[写作要求]
1)你可使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不能抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
2)题目自定。
[评分标准]
概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇章连贯。

If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.

Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster,” did not work as well.

The study found t hat when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables-either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas-in laboratory taste tests, the study said.

Researchers randomly assigned（分派）173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.

Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day of 12 days, Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables-and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once disliked vegetable three months later.

Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.

1.The purpose of writing the passage is .

A．to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables

B．to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet

C．to explain why children hate to eat vegetables

D．to present a proper way of vernal praise to parents

2.The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.

A．shoot from behind the back

B．make a lire in the hackyard

C．produce an unexpected result

D．achieve what was planned

3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A．Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.

B．It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.

C．Oral praise wokrs quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.

D．Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.

4.How did the researchers get their conclusion from the experiment?

A．By comparison. B．By asking questions.

C．By giving examples, D．By discussion.

5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Children like rewards, not verbal praise.

B．Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.

C．Children are difficult to inspire.

D．Parents should give up verbal praise.

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

A report was shown in the yesterday’s newspaper, which made all the families moved deeply. This report was about a seven-year-old boy, named BoWen, suffered from blood cancer and the doctor said he would die soon. But he said he didn’t want to die before his dream came true.

Bo Wen has stayed with his father all the time since his mother divorced with his father five years ago. But as soon as his mother heard that Bo Wen was seriously sick, she came to Bo Wen in a flash and was willing to donate her blood to Bo Wen.

Seeing mother again, BoWen was very happy and excited. Gradually, he still found mother and father didn’t get on well with each other. How he hoped they would get together again! So he thought of a good idea. Every time when parents were not beside, he sent messages to mother with father’s mobile phone and to Father with mother’s in the same way which read: “I love you, I miss you, I am waiting for you to have dinner at home, I am mistaken, please forgive me and so on”. At the beginning, his parents misunderstood each other. However, realizing that all the messages were sent by Bo Wen, they felt very shocked and puzzled. They went to Bo Wen. To their surprise, Bo Wen said very difficultly “Sorry but I heartedly hope you will remarry and won’t let me alone again”.

At last, they held a wedding happily. And Bo Wen became better and better.

读了这篇文章后, 全班同学非常佩服Bo Wen的做法，孩子生命垂危之时，还为父母做了如此伟大的事情，请给Bo Wen写一封信，发表你的感言。

【写作内容】

1．以约30个词概括短文的要点；

2．然后以120个词介绍你的感受，并包括如下要点：

（1）小Bo Wen 的伟大事迹感染社会；

（2）描述“爱”使家庭重新结合；

（3）表达你的感言。

【写作要求】

1．作文中可使用自己的真实打算或虚构的打算，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3．信的开头已经写出来。

【评分标准】

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。

Dear Little Bo Wen,

Thank you for your doing everything for your parents.

Wish you in good health soon!

Love yours,

Peter

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