根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

       What is a yawn(哈欠) and why do people yawn? A yawn is often associated with a person being tired.    People yawn for many reasons including stress, boredom, emotion and overwork.

      Have you noticed that yawning seems to be contagious (会传染的)? If one person yawns, this appears to cause another person to yawn.Researchers have found that 40-60% of people who see a picture of someone yawning will yawn themselves.

      Some people think that yawning is rude and suggests that you are bored or uninterested.Maybe a yawn is a signal to a group that it’s time to go to sleep, or if someone yawns when they're bored, it may be a sign to change the topic of conversation. Animals of all types yawn.If you have a dog or cat, you've probably seen your pet yawn several times.Even some birds yawn such as cockatiel parrots, Adelie penguins and Emperor penguins.

      Some of the scientific explanations of why we yawn claim it is caused by physical needs.One likely explana??tion is that the yawning reflex happens when our blood needs more oxygen.The deep breath helps supply the levels of oxygen in our blood. It is also thought that the same chemicals in our brain that affect our moods and emotions cause us to yawn.

       Superstitions about yawning have been around for hundreds of years and can date back to the ancient Greeks.A common superstition says that a person must cover his or her mouth when yawning so that the soul does not escape through the mouth.  Today most people do not believe these superstitions and know that a yawn is a physical reflex.

       A.Did you yawn while reading this article?

       B.Yawning is not limited to humans.

       C.It will make you lose interest in your work.

       D.But this is not always the cause for a yawn.

       E.Even reading the word YAWN can make people yawn.

       F.However, it doesn't mean that you need rest or relax??ation.

       G.Other people believe that yawning is a sign that danger is near.

       H.Another common theory is that a yawn helps regulate our body temperature.

Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. recently      B. affects      C. pattern      D. varied   E. floats

F. warm        G. regularly    H. mysterious   I. effect    J. evidence

Big climate changes in the last million years might have come from something very small: dust from outer space.

   Earth changes between ice ages and warm periods in a(n) ____ that includes several cycles, including a ___ one that lasts 100,000 years. Scientists ____suggested this cycle might be due to changes in the inflow of cosmic(宇宙) dust.

   The idea is that Earth ___above and below the imaginary plane that runs through the sun and Jupiter(木星), completing a cycle every 100,000 years. So maybe it encounters ___varying amounts of dust during each cycle that produce the climate trend.

   Now there is some ____, from ancient cosmic dust recovered in ocean-floor drilling near the Azores islands west of Portugal. The large quantity of the dust rises and falls with a wonderful 100,000 year cycle during the period analyzed, 253,000 years to 458,000 years ago. Periods of more dust are related to____ climates.

   But that is a long way from showing that the dust ____ climate. Some scientists argue that it is not clear how cosmic dust would make the climate warmer while dust from volcanoes is known to make it cooler. They say the cosmic dust is so thin that it is hard to see how it could have any climate____.

   Nevertheless, the new study shows scientists have to take the cosmic dust idea seriously.

College libraries are designed primarily for research and study.To explain its use, let us choose a research topic and follow the step-by-step procedure of looking up the material for the paper.

         Suppose your assignment is to write a paper on a novel called “The Sun Also Rises” by American writer Hemingway.The first step is to go to the main catalog.Many small drawers on the large wooden cabinets are lined up in alphabetical(字母的) order.Each of the drawers contains hundreds of alphabetical ordered cards.These cards are printed references to all material available in the library.Title cards are cataloged (为…编目录 ) by the first word of the book title, leaving out the articles like “a”, “an” and “the”.And then you get the cards for the books you need.On the upper left corner of each card is the call number.This is the numerical code that shows where the book is located in the library.The library has open and closed stacks.If your book is on the open stacks, you can go to the open-stack room, and according to the call number find it out by yourself.There are only about 30,000 books on open stacks, while most of the 800,000 books in our library are kept in closed stacks, which are accessible only to teachers and graduate students.

        For undergraduates like you, borrowing books from the closed stacks have to be done with the help of our librarian.In that case, you must fill out a call slip(纸条) for the book, showing the call number, author and title.You can get call slips on tables near the catalog cabinets.You show your call slip together with your library card to a librarian at the information desk.He or she will help you find the book out in the closed stacks.

1.What is the main purpose of this text?

         A.To present readers a brief introduction to a college library.

         B.To guide readers how to find books needed in a college library.

         C.To tell readers how to fill out a call slip in a college library.

         D.To show readers where to find books in a college library.

2.What letter you should look for on the title card for the book “The Old Man and the Sea” by the Hemingway?

         A.The letter “t”.         B.The letter “h”.       C.The letter “s”.         D.The letter “o”.

3.How are books arranged and shelved in the library?

         A.By call numbers.     B.By call slips of authors’ names.

         C.In alphabetical order.     D.By the first word of book title.

4.Suppose you are an undergraduate and you want to borrow a book from the closed stacks, which is the correct order to do it?

a.go to the main catalog                b.show your call slip and library card

c.find out the call number     d.fill out a call slip

e.get the cards for the books

         A.a-b-e-d-c             B.a-e-c-d-b

         C.b-a-c-d-e             D.b-c-a-e-d

 

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