题目内容
McDonald's Corporation （NYSE: MCD） is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily．_____71_____Brands （KFC, Taco Bell and others） and sandwich chain Subway．
In addition to its signature restaurant chain, McDonald’s Corporation held a minority interest in Pret A Manger until 2008, and owned the Chipotle Mexican Grill until 2006 and the restaurant chain Boston Market until 2007．_____72_____The corporations' revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants．
_____73_____In response to obesity trends in western nations and in the face of criticism over the healthiness of its products, the company has modified its menu to include such healthier alternatives as salads, wraps and fruit．
The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California．Their introduction of the "Speedee Service System" in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant．The original mascot of McDonald's was a man with a chef's hat on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was "Speedee．" Speedee was eventually replaced with Ronald McDonald in 1963．
The first McDonald's restaurants opened in the United States, Canada, Costa Rica, Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, France, El Salvador and Sweden in order of openings．The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall．_____74____Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast food industry．The McDonald brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, as documented in both Kroc's autobiography and in the McDonald brothers' autobiography．_____75_____
A．McDonald's primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts．
B．The site of the McDonald brothers' original restaurant is now a monument．
C．At one time it was the largest global restaurant chain, but it has since beensurpassed by multi-brand operator Yum!
D．Each McDonald's restaurant is operated by a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself．
E．The company has also expanded the McDonald's menu in recent decades to include alternative meal options。
F．Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion and the company became listed on the public stock markets in 1965．
CDAFB
In 1955, a man named Raymond Kroc entered a partnership with two brothers named Mcdonald. They operated a popular restaurant in California which sold food that was easy to prepare and serve quickly. Hamburgers, French fries, and cold drinks were the main foods on the limited menu. Kroc opened similar eating places under the same name, “McDonald’s” and they were a quick success. He later took over the company and today it is one of the most famous and successful “fast-food” chains(连锁店) in America and the world.
Why was his idea so successful? Probably the most important reason was that his timing was right. In the 1950s, most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of their children. During the 1960s, the movement for equality(平等) between men and women and an economy(经济) that needed more families to have two money-earners resulted in many women returning to the workplace. This meant that they had less time and energy to do housework, so they depended more on fast-food restaurants.
Single parents also have little time to spend in the kitchen. People living alone because of divorce(离婚) or a preference for a “single lifestyle” also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth.
Fast food is not part of the diet of all Americans. Another of the 1960s was called back-to-nature movement. More and more Americans based their diets on natural foods. This preference for natural foods continues to this day. These products can now be found not only in the special health food store but also in many supermarkets.
【小题1】The passage is mainly about ____.
| A．how and why “McDonald’s” became successful |
| B．the effect social and economic changes have on people’s eating habits |
| C．why Americans prefer natural food |
| D．American eating habits |
| A．His partnership with the McDonald brothers. |
| B．A changing economy. |
| C．The back-to-nature movement. |
| D．Women’s equality movement. |
| A．natural foods can also be found in McDonald’s |
| B．many married women in America returned to work in the 1960s |
| C．McDonald’s fast food is popular among the young |
| D．divorce caused people to change their eating habits |
So you thought the hamburger was the world’s most popular fast food? After all, McDonald’s Golden Arches span（跨越）the globe（全球）. But no, there is another truly universal fast food, the ultimate（极好的）fast food. It’s easy to make, easy to serve, much more varied than the hamburger, can be eaten with the hands and it’s delivered to your front door or served in fancy restaurants. It’s been one of America’s favourite foods for over 50 years. It is, of course, the pizza.
It’s kind of silly to talk about the moment when pizza was “invented”. It changed over the years, but one thing’s for certain—it’s been around for a very long time. The idea of using pieces of flat, round bread as plates came from the Greeks. They called them “plakuntos” and ate them with various simple toppings（配料）such as oil, garlic（大蒜）, onions and herbs. The Romans enjoyed eating something similar and called it “picea”. By about 1000 AD in the city of Naples, “picea” had become “pizza” and people were experimenting with more toppings: cheese, ham, anchovies and finally the tomato, brought to Italy from Mexico and Peru in the sixteenth century. Naples became the pizza capital of the world. In 1889, King UmbertoⅠand Queen Margherita heard about pizza and asked to try it. They invited pizza maker, Raffele Esposito, to make it for them. He decided to make the pizza like the Italian flag, so he used red tomatoes, white mozzarella cheese and green basil leaves. The Queen loved it and the new pizza was named “Pizza Margherita” in her honour.
Pizza went to America with the Italians at the end of the nineteenth century. The first pizzeria in the United States was opened in 1905 at 53 Spring Street, New York City, by Gennaro Lombardi. But the popularity of pizza really exploded when American soldiers returned from Italy after World WarⅡ and raved about(夸赞) “that great Italian dish”. Americans are now the greatest producers and consumers of pizza in the world.
【小题1】Which is the correct order of the changes of pizza?
| A．Plakuntos→pizza→picea | B．Pizza→plakuntos→picea |
| C．Picea→plakuntos→pizza | D．Plakuntos→picea→pizza |
| A．Because pizza first became popular in these countries. |
| B．Because pizza was invented in these countries. |
| C．Because one topping was brought to Italy from these countries. |
| D．Because people there are the greatest consumers of pizza. |
| A．There is a picture of a Pizza Margherita. | B．They have the same colours. |
| C．Both of them represent Italy. | D．They are both popular in Italy. |
A. After 1945. B. In 1889. C. In 1905. D. By 1000AD.
【小题5】What’s the best title of the passage?
| A．McDonald’s and Pizza | B．Global Pizza |
| C．Pizza in the United States | D．How to Make Pizza |