题目内容
We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served, have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
1.According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served”?
A.Taking buses. B.Buying houses.
C.Flying with an airline. D.Visiting amusement parks.
2.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates ______.
A.the necessity of patience in queuing
B.the advantage of modern technology
C.the uncertainty of allocation principle
D.the fairness of telephonic services
3.The passage is meant to ______.
A.justify paying for faster services
B.discuss the morals of allocating things
C.analyze the reason for standing in line
D.criticize the behavior of queue jumping
1.A
2.C
3.B
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是议论文,是作者对“the morals of allocating things” (分配事情的道德标准) 的见解。作者提到以下几点内容:1. 额外付款得到更快服务和排队等候是分配事情所采取的两种不同方式,他们适用于不同的场合;2.排队等候原则在运动场上和车站似乎是对的,但也不是说所有场合都适用,有时候标准是会变的;3. 对待各种场合的录音信息不要太认真,有时候公司会利用呼叫中心给某些人优先权;4. 额外付款得到更快服务和排队等候并不是分配事情所采取的固定方式,可是现在额外付款得到更快服务的方式有取代排队等候和其它的分配方式的趋势,这排队原则的逐渐消失令人担忧。
1.从第二段第二句话和第三段第一句可知排队等车时遵循先来先上的原则。
2.4、5两段主要是说排队等候原则不是说所有场合都适用,有时候标准是会变的,对待各种场合的录音信息不要太认真,有时候公司会利用呼叫中心给某些人优先权,所以说这种分配事情的原则不是一成不变的。
3.本文主要讨论了排队等候原则和额外付款得到更快服务的情况,所以B项是文章主要内容。
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Museum of the Moving Image(MMI)(Monday Closed) As the best museum in New York City and with a balance of hands-on(实际操作的)activities and information, it’s the rare bird that can entertain and educate people of different ages. It’s a perfect destination for a family trip of a couple hours. Pros—Excellent movie screenings. Easy subway access. Cons—Difficult to reach by Car. |
New York Hall of Science(NYHS)(Monday Closed) Being New York City’s only hand son science and technology center, it is an interactive science museum focusing on its audience of children. It has the most hands-on exhibits in an NYC museum, and it’s a fun destination for ages 5 and up. Older folks might take great interest in the NASA rockets outside the museum, but don’t bother unless you’ve kids to keep you company. Pros—Cool interactive science exhibits, the rockets. Cons—Hard to reach by public transportation. |
Queens County Farm Museum(QCFM)(Year-round 7 days a week) It is an actual farm in New York City and home to animals your kids can feed and a yard full of a climbing plant whose fruit can be made into wine. Good chance to meet sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and cows! The animals are mostly readily accessible to visitors. And the museum sells feed for young hands willing to get licked by sheep and goats. Pros—Outdoor fun. Cons—Expensive festivals, long bus ride, no subway. |
Queens Museum of Art(QMA)(Monday and Tuesday Closed) Opened in 1972 to serve as a cultural center in New York City, it exhibits art by local and international artists. Its best exhibits are on the two World’s Fairs. and of course,the Panorama of New York City, a giant , highly detailed diorama(透景画)of all five New York City b ![]() Pros—The Panorama, Great gift shop. Easy subway access. Cons—Not much for kids. |
A.T MMI | B.T NYHS | C.QMA | D.QCFM |
A.All the museums mentioned abo![]() |
B.No other museum in New York City is better than MMI. |
C.Lucky visitors can see grapes in one of the museums. |
D.NYHS has the most hands-on activities in America. |
A.visitors can pay a visit to all the museums by subway |
B.people can visit only one of the any day |
C.there is often a rare bird flying in the sky above MMI |
D.the Panorama is, as a matter of fact, a great gift shop |
A.MMI. B.NYHS. C.QCFM. D.QMA.
Museum of the Moving Image(MMI)(Monday Closed) As the best museum in New York City and with a balance of hands-on(实际操作的)activities and information, it’s the rare bird that can entertain and educate people of different ages. It’s a perfect destination for a family trip of a couple hours. Pros—Excellent movie screenings. Easy subway access. Cons—Difficult to reach by Car. |
New York Hall of Science(NYHS)(Monday Closed) Being New York City’s only hand son science and technology center, it is an interactive science museum focusing on its audience of children. It has the most hands-on exhibits in an NYC museum, and it’s a fun destination for ages 5 and up. Older folks might take great interest in the NASA rockets outside the museum, but don’t bother unless you’ve kids to keep you company. Pros—Cool interactive science exhibits, the rockets. Cons—Hard to reach by public transportation. |
Queens County Farm Museum(QCFM)(Year-round 7 days a week) It is an actual farm in New York City and home to animals your kids can feed and a yard full of a climbing plant whose fruit can be made into wine. Good chance to meet sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and cows! The animals are mostly readily accessible to visitors. And the museum sells feed for young hands willing to get licked by sheep and goats. Pros—Outdoor fun. Cons—Expensive festivals, long bus ride, no subway. |
Queens Museum of Art(QMA)(Monday and Tuesday Closed) Opened in 1972 to serve as a cultural center in New York City, it exhibits art by local and international artists. Its best exhibits are on the two World’s Fairs. and of course,the Panorama of New York City, a giant , highly detailed diorama(透景画)of all five New York City boroughs. 行政区) Pros—The Panorama, Great gift shop. Easy subway access. Cons—Not much for kids. |
1.The least likely choice for 5-year-old Jack to make among the museums is______.
A.T MMI B.T NYHS C.QMA D.QCFM
2.According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?
A.All the museums mentioned above lie in New York City.
B.No other museum in New York City is better than MMI.
C.Lucky visitors can see grapes in one of the museums.
D.NYHS has the most hands-on activities in America.
3.We can know from the text that______.
A.visitors can pay a visit to all the museums by subway
B.people can visit only one of the any day
C.there is often a rare bird flying in the sky above MMI
D.the Panorama is, as a matter of fact, a great gift shop
4.In which museum can you enjoy outdoor fun?
A.MMI. B.NYHS. C.QCFM. D.QMA.
阅读理解 | ||||||||
1. The least likely choice for 5-year-old Jack to make among the museums is . A. MMI B. NYHS C. QMA D. QCFM 2. According to the text, which of the following is NOT true? A. All the museums mentioned above lie in New York City. B. No other museum in New York City is better than MMI. C. Lucky visitors can see grapes in one of the museums. D. NYHS has the most hands-on activities in America. 3. We can know from the text that . A. people can visit only one of the museums any time and any day B. visitors can pay a visit to all the museums by subway C. there is often a rare bird flying in the sky above MMI D. the Panorama is, as a matter of fact, a great gift shop |