On a snowy and windy afternoon, Ann, a ten-year-old girl, went out to play. She was walking along the sands when she was blown into a ditch by the seashore. She was frightened and tried her best to cl 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

On a snowy and windy afternoon, Ann, a ten-year-old girl, went out to play. She was walking along the sands when she was blown into a ditch (壕沟) by the seashore. She was frightened and tried her best to climb out. But the ditch was too deep and she was too weak to get out of it. So Ann cried at the top of her voice for help. But what she could hear over the snow ditch was nothing but the terrible noise of the wind. Nobody came to her and nobody knew where she was. She struggled again and again. Her face was struck by the strong wind, snow and sand, and was almost frozen. Her hands were stiff. She also felt that she was worn out. She started to cry hopelessly. Just at the moment Ann saw a black dog appearing through the heavy snow. It was Victor, her true friend. He was glad to see the sign of life. And the dog set out to work as soon as he got to Ann. He cleaned away the snow around her with his own paws and hind legs, and then reached out his big strong fur head to Ann. The little girl closed her arms round Victor’s neck. The dog backed away slowly, pulling her out of the ditch little by little.

Successfully, Ann got out of the ditch at last. Then she struggled to her feet. With great difficulty, led by her true friend Victor, she was rescued. Victor, the black dog, was given a gold medal and was honoured as Brave Hero Dog of America.

1.The purpose of this text is to tell us___________.

A. the good relation between a girl and her dog

B. how a brave girl survived a serious accident

C. what the girl did to save her dog

D. how a brave dog managed to save his little master

2.Ann__________ when trapped in the snow ditch.

A. tried everything to save herself

B. did nothing but wait for help to come

C. was sure that people would save her

D. was sure that her dog would come to save her

3.How did the dog pull the girl out of the ditch?

A. He pulled the girl out with her head.

B. He caught the girl by the arm and pulled hard.

C. He let the girl hold his head and stepped back.

D. He held the girl’s clothes in his mouth and ran back.

4.The underlined word “stiff” probably means___________.

A. pretty dense

B. easy to move

C. difficult to bend

D. quite harsh

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Scientists have exactly discovered the set of brain cells involved in making risky decisions, and have been able to control them in rats using targeted light. By changing the activity of the cells they were able to change the behaviour of risk-taking rats to avoid risk, hinting the approach could in future be used to treat people with impulse (冲动) control problems.

Risk-taking is a key part of survival, knowing when to take a chance could pay off—such as moving to a new area to look for food when pickings are slim.

While all animals need an element of risk, the preference towards it varies between individuals. Researchers found this variation, which determines how risk-averse an individual is, is regulated by brain cells in a region of the brain called the nucleus accumbens. This cluster of neurons releases the neurotransmitter dopamine, which regulates the brain’s reward and pleasure centres.

Previous studies have shown that in patients with Parkinson’s disease, taking medication which blocks specific dopamine receptors (DR2) (受体) leads to increased gambling (赌博) behaviour and risk taking behaviour. In studies with rats, researchers were able to use a technique called optogenetics (光遗传学)—which uses light sensitive proteins to change the activity of cells—to modify cells with DR2 in the nucleus accumbens.

Rats were trained to choose one of two levers, offering them a choice between a “safe” or “risky” choice. The safe option resulted in a small, but consistent amount of a sugar water treat. But the risky choice consistently delivered smaller amounts of sugar water, with the occasional large pay off—essentially encouraging the animals to gamble for a bigger prize. Around two-thirds of the animals weren’t keen on risk, opting for the safe option, but the remaining third were risk-seekers. Brain scans of the animals showed that those with low levels of DR2 consistently went for the gamble.

But using pulses of light to stimulate (刺激) the DR2 cells and improve their activity could cause the risk-takers to play it safe and opt for the guaranteed but less rewarding option. Once the light-pulses stopped, the risk-takers returned to their gambling strategy.

In the risk-averse animals, stimulating the same cells had little to no effect.

Professor Karl Deisseroth, of Stanford University in California, said: “Humans and rats have similar brain structures involved.”And we found a drug known to increase risk preference in people had the same effect on the rats. So every indication is that these findings are relevant to humans. “Risky behavior has its moments where it’ s valuable. As a species, we wouldn’t have come as far as we have without it.”

1.The variation in people’s preference towards risks is directly regulated by ________.

A. nucleus accumbens B. light sensitive proteins

C. neurons D. dopamine

2.From the experiment with rats, we can conclude that ________.

A. the lack of DR2 cells results in a safe option

B. the levels of DR2 have little to do with their choices

C. the high levels of DR2 can make animals avoid risks

D. the risky choice is a less rewarding option

3.The underlined words in Paragraph 7 most likely mean the animals that are ________.

A. willing to take big risks

B. reluctant to take risks

C. fond of gambling strategy

D. afraid of receiving stimulation

4.What can be inferred from what Professor Karl Deisseroth said?

A. Humans and rats differ in their preference for risk-taking.

B. Too much risk-taking can do more harm than good.

C. Risk-taking can be used to treat people with impulse control problems.

D. Risk-taking is a means of survival and brings higher returns to humans.

1 always figured that comedians were the best kind of people to hang around with as a kid. They tell funny stories, make joke after joke, and happiness seems never to leave them. But time goes on, and we come to see these same people as clowns on the outside, but crying a river in the inside. Comedy from these people comes from a deep pain and sadness in their lives, or out of a deep-seated anger they have at the world around them.

Look at Richard Pryor, need I say more? Richard seemed to have everything. For Superman m , he ended up getting more money than Christopher Reeve did. Yet he said while he was in his forties that the last truly happy moment he remembered in his life was when he was jumping around in the dirt while pretending to be a cowboy at the age of 10. This guy set himself on fire, and he played that for laugh while performing live at the Sunset Strip ! Comedy was his constant weapon against pain, and he never held anything back.

The movie Funny People understand very well this gloomy field many comedians have to survive in. It stars Adam Sandler as George Simmons, a famous comedian in the movie. Simmons has it all: a beautiful mansion overlooking the sea, a swimming pool,great cars, and so on. But in his eyes, we see that he is a sad man who has come to truly look down upon himself for what he has become. All the wealth he has collected only serves to separate him from the rest of the world and it makes him defensive when around total strangers who cannot see him as a normal person. But now, he hears from his doctor that he has a terminal disease and has only months left to live. Simmons reacts to this news as if someone took away his blood in the heart, and it makes him clearly see just how much he hates his life. So now he has to make every minute count.

Then come a series of funny stories.

Comedy is just life as it is, isn't it?

1. What can we infer about "comedians" according to the text?

A. Comedians like to get along with kids.

B. Comedians' life is full of jokes.

C. Comedians often use their sad experience.

D. Comedians often cry in their daily life.

2.When was the happiest moment for Richard Pryor?

A. When he played the part of SupermanⅢ．

B. When he got more money than Christopher Reeve.

C. When he pretended to be a cowboy in the childhood.

D. When he performed live at the Sunset Strip.

3.Why was George Simmons unhappy?

A. He had no friends at all.

B. He spent too much on his house.

C. He wasn't accepted by the outside world.

D. He was hated by all the strangers around.

4.By saying "Comedy is just life as it is, isn't it?", the author means____

A. life like comedy will make you happy

B. comedy comes from the sadness in real life

C. there is no happiness at all in real life

D. life is full of comedy in reality

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

While going through life with the pursuit of money on our mind, we're often told that money can't buy happiness. But what truth is there in the saying? Is there a relation between money and happiness? 1.

Humans are very sensitive to change. When we get a rise, we really enjoy it. But some studies have shown that in North America, additional income beyond 75,000 dollars a year stops impacting day-to-day happiness. 2. They often end up spending all the money, going into debt, and experience ruined social relationships.

So surely money can't really buy happiness. Well, recent studies suggest that the problem may actually be in the way that we spend money. 3. Studies show that people who spend their money on others feel happier. As for the people who spend money on themselves, their happiness is unchanged.

4. 0ne experiment showed that instead of an organization writing a large check to a charity, dividing the amount up among employees, allowing them to contribute to a charity of their choice, increased their job satisfaction. Similarly, individuals that spend money on each other, as opposed to themselves, not only increase job satisfaction, but improve the team performance.

5. Interestingly, the specific way money is spent on others isn't important. Spending something on others is the important aspect of increasing your happiness.

A. The same principle has been tested on teams and organizations as well.

B. Money has more effect on the vast majority of people in the long run.

C. Instead of buying things for yourself, try giving some of it to other people and see how you feel.

D. And if so, how can we use it to our advantage?

E. Almost everywhere we look in the world, we see that giving money to others is positively related to happiness,

F. And while you're saving up for these greatest experiences, don't forget the daily joys in life.

G. In fact, people who win a lottery often report becoming extremely unhappy.

根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词

1.Why are you s________ at (盯着) me?

2.We are encouraged to eat a balanced d________(饮食) every day.

3.There is a l________(限度) to my patience.

4.It was his f________(错误) that we were late.

5.I soon s_________(发现) what the mistake was.

6.She has the c_________(好奇心) to know everything.

7.According to a widely accepted t_________(理论), the universe began with a “Big Bang”.

8.Too much smoking is h_________(有害的) to health.

9.They wanted to move to a warmer c_________(气候).

10.A friend in need is a friend i_________(真正地).

翻译句子

1.But Parks Australia claimed they were just trying to ______ down on ______ tour operators.

但是Parks Australia声称他们只是尽力镇压无许可证的旅行社。

2.Though Van Gogh had little financial success during his lifetime and often lived in ______ ,his fame grew ______ after his death.

虽然Van Gogh一生中没有多少经济回报且常常生活在贫困中，但他在去世以后声誉鹊起。

3.Several are ______ as some of the most expensive ______ in the world.

有几幅作品被列为世界上最昂贵的画作。

4._____ this day the Empire State building has become an ______ to the world.

直到如今帝国大厦已经成为全世界人们的一个偶像。

5.This present state of ______ has roots that run ______ .

这目前（帝国大厦）的庄严有着深厚的根源。

英国Warwickshire学校将组织学生来你校交流学习中文。经安排，Tracy住在你家。假设你是李华，请你给Tracy写封电子邮件，介绍她来中国后的有关事宜，信的要点如下：

★表达欢迎；

★生活安排：食宿，交通；

★汉语学习：每周一至周五，每天四节课；

★课外活动：文体活动，社会实践活动。

要求：100字左右；可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Rediscovery

I used to be a happy child with a loving family and many friends. I had a_________ that could brighten a cold winter day and I had a special love for life.

At twelve, my life had a huge breakdown. It was then that I _________ OCD（强迫症）. I started to wash my hands ten times an hour, and I constantly _________ my kitchen oven to make sure that it was off. This way of life continued for four painful years, and by then, my OCD had led to depression（抑郁）. I was no longer the _________ little girl I had been.

In the tenth grade I finally _________to my mother that I was suffering from depression along with my OCD. My mom took me to a doctor and I started taking _________ . Over a few months, the medicine did help the OCD, but I still was struggling with depression.

One autumn evening, I hit rock bottom. I thought suicide（自杀）was the only _________ to my depression problem, so I decided to write a suicide note. As I was _________ it, my eyes fell on a photo. It was a _________ of an adorable little girl, wearing her red soccer uniform and holding a bike helmet. She had a bright smile that showed she was full of life.

It took me a few minutes to _________ who the girl in the photo was. The photo had been taken when I was seven years old. I almost couldn’t believe that smiling child was me. I felt a chill go down my spine（脊柱）. It was like my younger self had sent me a _________ . Right then and there I knew I couldn’t kill myself. Once I had been a strong little girl, and I had to become _________ like that again.

I tore up my suicide note and _________ that I would not rely only on my medicine. I would have to fight the depression with my mind, too. I could make myself happy again.

It has been two years since I _________ myself. The real reason I am healed is that I took action and refused to let depression _________ my life. I learned a lifelong _________ : Never give up. Everyone has challenges in life, but everyone can _________ . I am living proof of that.

Now I am prepared for whatever _________ life may bring. I have a role model to _________ up to for strength, and who is guiding me _________ life. My hero is a seven-year-old girl, smiling back at me from a photo on my desk.

1.A. dream B. thought C. hope D. smile

2.A. prevented B. treated C. developed D. discovered

3.A. checked B. fixed C. touched D. tested

4.A. pretty B. happy C. popular D. lovely

5.A. admitted B. suggested C. showed D. replied

6.A. classes B. medicine C. exercise D. notes

7.A. response B. door C. entrance D. solution

8.A. posting B. copying C. finishing D. revising

9.A. picture B. figure C. model D. shadow

10.A. explain B. realize C. question D. describe

11.A. gift B. card C. message D. letter

12.A. open B. strong C. lively D. athletic

13.A. advised B. doubted C. promised D. imagined

14.A. rejected B. replaced C. recalled D. rediscovered

15.A. risk B. abandon C. ruin D. waste

16.A. lesson B. skill C. class D. experience

17.A. escape B. quit C. recover D. survive

18.A. adventures B. benefits C. opportunities D. challenges

19.A. come B. look C. make D. add

20.A. through B. over C. across D. from

A student is learning to speak British English. He wonders: Can I communicate with Americans? Can they understand me? Learners of English often ask: What are the differences between British and American English? How important are these differences?

Certainly there are some differences between British and American English. There are a few differences in grammar. For example, speakers of British English say “in hospital” and “Have you a pen?” Americans say “in the hospital!” and “Do you have a pen?” Pronunciation is sometimes different. Americans usually sound theirs in words like “bird” and “hurt”. Speakers of British English do not sound theirs in these words. There are differences between British and American English in spelling and vocabulary. For example, “colour” and “honour” are British, “color” and honor” are American.

These differences in grammar, pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary are not important. However, for the most part, British and American English are the same language.

1.According to this passage, a student who is learning to speak American English might be afraid that_______.

A. British people cannot understand him

B. American people cannot understand him

C. the grammar is too hard for him

D. the spelling is too hard for him

2.American English and British English are different in ________.

A. spelling B. pronunciation

C. grammar D. all of the above

3.What is not mentioned in the passage?

A. Whether there are differences between British English and American English.

B. Whether British English and American English are one language or two.

C. How the differences between British English and American English happened.

D. How important the differences are.

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