When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organiztion(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women is every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.

More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is take for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back form time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.

Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.

61. According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time ?

A. By solving the cost problems

B. By solving the transportation problems

C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.

D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.

62. What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence ?

A. Providing food is vital B. Learning to fish is helpful

C. Teaching skills is essential D. Looking after others is important.

63. The second paragraph is developed mainly _________.

A. by example B. by process C. by comparison D. by contrast

64. Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands ?

A. A medical team. B. An exchange program.

C. A water plant. D. Financial support.

65. What can we infer about international aid from the passage ?

A. It is facing difficulties. B. It is unnecessary during normal times

C. It should be given in the form of materials D. It has gained support developed countries

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，题材是社会生活。本文就国际援助这一话题发表议论，阐明“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”，应给欠发达国家提供知识援助的观点。

段落	关键词、句	大意推测
第一部分（Para. 1）	international aid; distribution; however; costs; time; set up... speedily distribute	导入话题：国际援助的分配问题，成本、时间，应在每个国家建立团体来快速分配。
第二部分（Para. 2）	give other forms of help; take care of themselves; for example; share knowledge	阐述观点：提供其他形式的帮助，让他们可以自己照顾自己，并举例说明。
第三部分（Para. 3）	build-up of friendships; giving materials; sharing of knowledge	总结观点：提供援助会增强友谊，提供物质短期有效，长期看，还是要分享知识。

【解析】

61．C。细节理解题。较难。根据关键词international aid reach定位原文第一段，从第四句开始涉及分配国际援助的问题，首先说联合国组织能够从事指导援助的分配，但随后的转折词“however”说明了这种方法的弊端（成本的问题，还有时间的问题），因此，能够及时使国际援助到达灾民的方法是第一段最后一句话。C项是对这句话的同义转述，因此，选C。

解题思路：考生要注意审题，题干中的in time是关键词之一，它是原文第一段最后一句speedily的近义词；审清关键词才能准确的定位原文，确认答案。

干扰项排除：考生易误选D项，D项出现在第一段第四句，但考生要注意下文中的转折词“however”否定了前面的做法；再者，题干中的in time强调分配的及时性，因此，D项与题干要求不符； A项出现在第一段第五句，是前面做法所产生的问题，因此，也与题目要求无关；B项文中未提及。

62. C。语义理解题。难度：中等。划线句子出现在原文第二段第二句，联系它的下一句话可知，如果遵循这条至理格言，那么就应该教会欠发达国家的人们照顾自己。后又举例说明（For example），通过例子，我们知道，国家之间可以相互分享科技。而C项中skills是technology的近义词，因此，选C项。

解题思路：做语义理解题时，字面意思往往不是正确选项，考生要结合字面意思联系上下文。

干扰项排除：A项与原文中提供“technology”不符；B项是字面意思；D项与原文相悖，应为Looking after themselves...

63. A。组织结构题。难度：中等。题目问第二段主要通过什么方式来组织的。通过本段第四句话中for example可知，本段主要运用举例来组织本段的论证。

解题思路：本文是一篇议论文，考生要把握议论文的基本要素（论点、论据、论证），和常见的论证方式（举例example、引用citing、比喻metaphor 、对比comparison等），本题就是针对论证提出的。

干扰项排除：B项“通过信息处理”在第二段未涉及；C、D两项都是“通过比较”，意思一样，可以都排除。

64．D。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据关键词fall into the wrong hands定位原文在第二段最后一句可知，这样的帮助不可能是暂时的，也不可能落入错误的人手中。Such aid指的是本段所涉及到的帮助，A、B、C在本段都有涉及，因此，选D。

解题思路：此题根据原文定位的句子可知，应用排除法。

干扰项排除：A项出现在第二段第五句中“medical and health care”，B项出现在第二段第七句中“setting up of a water purification plant”；C项出现在第二段第九句“Exchange students”，A、B、C三个选项都是对第二段的帮助的同义或近义转换，因此，都排除。

65．A。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据第一段第二句可知，实现国际援助的分配方式不简单。第五句和第六句提到了遇到的问题（成本和时间），因此，选A。

干扰项排除：根据第二段第一句可知，B项与原文相悖；根据第三段最后两句可知，从长期看，国家援助中分享知识knowledge最有效，而不是物质materials，因此C项错误。D项文中未提及。

【难句学习】

1. When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended.

翻译：当被给予国际援助时，（人们）就应该采取措施来确保援助能够到达需要援助的人手中。

分析：本句的主干是steps must be taken to ensure ...，that引导宾语从句，做ensure的宾语；for whom 引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。 be intended for “打算为…所用；专为...而设计”。

2. Sometimes what is take for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems.

翻译：有时，一些理所当然的东西，像自来水厂的建立或者是学校的管理，可能对其他寻求解决这些常见问题的国家是很有帮助的。

分析：本句的主干是what is take for granted could be useful ...，what引导主语从句，在从句中做主语；like 介词短语做状语，补充说明主语；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries.

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相关题目

Ⅲ.阅读（共两节，满分40分）

阅读理解（共15小题；每小2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks,

And at restaurants did not take her seriously ,did not give her good service ,pretended not to

Understand her ,or even acted as if they did not hear her .

My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she . I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人).I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs.Tan..”

And my mother was standing beside me ,whispering loudly, “Why he don’t send me cheek already two week lone.”

And then , in perfect English I said : “I’m getting rather concerned .You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasn’t arrived.”

Then she talked more loudly. “What he want? I come to New York tell him front of his boss.” And so I turned to the stockbroker again, “I can’t tolerate any more excuse. If I don’t receive the check immediately , I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.”

The next week we ended up in New York. While I was sitting there red-faced, my mother, the real Mrs.Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English.

When I was a teenager, my mother’s broken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mother’s English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the world.

1.Why was the author’s mother poorly served?

A.She was unable to speak good English.

B.She was often misunderstood.

C.She was not clearly heard.

D.She was not very polite.

2.From Paragorph 2, we know that the author was____________.

A.good a pretending

B.rude to the stockbroker

C.ready to help her mother

D.unwilling to phone for her mother

3.After the author made the phone call, __________

A.they forgave the stockbroker

B.they failed to get the check

C.they went to New York immediately

D.they spoke to their boss at once

4.What does the author think of her mother’s English now?

A.It confuses her.

B.It embarrasses her.

C.It helps her understand the world.

D.It helps her tolerate rude people.

5.We can inter from the passage that Chinese English__________.

A.is clear and natural to non-native speakers

B.is vivid and direct to non-native speakers

C.has a verv bad reputation in America

D.may bring inconvenience in America

We were travelling in Italy recently and what really made our trip memorable are the encounters (邂逅) with Italian grandmas. I just ___1___ a busy road in Rome. A grandma right next to me sprinted (飞奔) across and came back with my baby’s missing shoe. I hadn’t even ___2___ and she thought it would be easier to run twice than try to communicate with me through our language ___3___.
Another time, I was looking for Fontana de Trevis (许愿池) and ___4___ off in the name of looking at this and that. Out came a ___5___ from a small café and she at once knew I was ___6___. She took me by the hand and asked where I was heading for. Then she ___7___ me to the fountain and three minutes later, I was standing in front of the masterpiece.
On the last day of our ___8__, we were in the local Metro train and a very old grandma got on. The train was ___9__ and many of us offered our seats to her. She accepted my ___10__ and a couple of stops later, I found myself ___11___ again, right next to her. We ___12__, she in Italian and me in English. When she ___13__ my husband and I were heading for Tivoli, she took out her return ___14__ for the expensive inter-city bus and put them into my hand.
I’ve lost count of the grandmas that played with our baby as if he was their own. But the ___15__ of all those grandmas is very hard to forget.

We can all contribute to a greener world．Just follow these ten golden rules:
●Stop getting junk mail．Billions of junk mail can be sent every year．Half of it is never opened．Get-your name off mailing lists．If 100,000 people stopped getting junk mail today, it would save 150,000 trees a year．
●Stop reading newspapers．All over the world, millions of newspapers are thrown away every day, 44 million newspapers in the USA alone —that's half a million trees a week．Either recycle your newspapers or read the hews online．
●Buy clothes made from organic materials．Conventional cotton farming seriously pollutes the environment, most of which uses chemical pesticides （农药） and fertilizers． Organic is better!
●Switch to solar energy．In one day, the sun will provide enough energy to power the planet．Why aren't we using it?
●If you have to drive, share the ride．Most cars in the USA have only one occupant．Also, 25 percent of car rides are less than 1．5 kilometres．Get out and walk!
●Unplug your PC, TV and VCR．Simply turning them off isn't enough．Sets left on standby are still using 25 percent of their power．
●Hold on to your balloons．Helium-filled balloons which fly away usually end up in a lake or river, where they can choke aquatic (水生的) creatures．Save your balloons and use them again．Or better still, don't use them at all．
●Feed the birds．Wild birds need food, especially in v/inter when other sources can be scarce．The greater the range of foodstuffs you put out for them, the more types of birds you will attract．
●Plant a garden at your school．Learn the connection between the land and the table．Plant vegetables to eat, flowers to admire and trees to improve the air．
【小题1】.
What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To provide some health advice on how to work．

B．To suggest some ways how to make full use of solar energy．

C．To advise protecting environment and saving energy．

D．To advise on how to recycle waste and save energy．

【小题2】.
．The underlined expression "left on standby" in the sixth rule means__ __．

A．ready to start and use electricity	B．ready to be turned off
C．ready to be repaired	D．ready to be．put away

【小题3】.
．Which of the following will NOT protect trees from being cut down to make paper?

A．Not buying newspapers．	B．Don't accept junk mail．
C．Read your newspaper online．	D．Read only one newspaper．

Ⅲ.阅读（共两节，满分40分）
阅读理解（共15小题；每小2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks,
And at restaurants did not take her seriously ,did not give her good service ,pretended not to
Understand her ,or even acted as if they did not hear her .
My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she . I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人).I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs.Tan..”
And my mother was standing beside me ,whispering loudly, “Why he don’t send me cheek already two week lone.”
And then , in perfect English I said : “I’m getting rather concerned .You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasn’t arrived.”
Then she talked more loudly. “What he want? I come to New York tell him front of his boss.” And so I turned to the stockbroker again, “I can’t tolerate any more excuse. If I don’t receive the check immediately , I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.”
The next week we ended up in New York. While I was sitting there red-faced, my mother, the real Mrs.Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English.
When I was a teenager, my mother’s broken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mother’s English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the world.
1.Why was the author’s mother poorly served?
A.She was unable to speak good English.
B.She was often misunderstood.
C.She was not clearly heard.
D.She was not very polite.
2.From Paragorph 2, we know that the author was____________.
A.good a pretending
B.rude to the stockbroker
C.ready to help her mother
D.unwilling to phone for her mother
3.After the author made the phone call, __________
A.they forgave the stockbroker
B.they failed to get the check
C.they went to New York immediately
D.they spoke to their boss at once
4.What does the author think of her mother’s English now?
A.It confuses her.
B.It embarrasses her.
C.It helps her understand the world.
D.It helps her tolerate rude people.
5.We can inter from the passage that Chinese English__________.
A.is clear and natural to non-native speakers
B.is vivid and direct to non-native speakers
C.has a verv bad reputation in America
D.may bring inconvenience in America

We were a very motley (混杂的) crowd of people who took the bus every day many years ago. During the early morning ride from the suburb, we sat drowsily (昏昏欲睡地) with our collars up to our ears.
A small grey man took the bus to the center for senior citizens every morning. No one ever paid very much attention to him. Then one July morning he said good morning to the driver before he sat down. The driver nodded guardedly. The rest of us were silent.
The next day, the old man boarded the bus energetically, smiled and said in a loud voice: "And a very good morning to you all!" Some of us looked up, amazed, and murmured "Good morning!" in reply.
The following weeks we were more surprised. Our friend was now dressed in a nice old suit and a wide out-of-date tie. He said good morning to us every day and we gradually began to nod and talk to each other.
One morning he had a bunch of wild flowers in his hand. The driver turned around smilingly and asked: "Have you got yourself a girlfriend, Charlie?" The man nodded shyly and said yes. Every morning after that Charlie always brought a flower.
The summer went by when one morning Charlie wasn't waiting at his usual stop. When he wasn't there the new day and the day after that, we started wondering if he was sick or – hopefully – on holiday somewhere, Later we were told one of his very close friends had died at the weekend. How silent we were the rest of the way to work. The next Monday Charlie was waiting at the stop, a little bit more grey. Inside the bus was a silence similar to that in a church. Even though no one had talked about it, all those of us sat with our eyes filled with tears and a bunch of wild flowers in our hands.
【小题1】From the first paragraph we can inter that the passengers ____.

A．had a cheerful trip every morning	B．didn't know each other
C．seldom talked to each other	D．talked and laughed on the way

【小题2】 Why were some of the passengers amazed when the old man greeted them?

A．Because he looked energetic.	B．Because he spoke in a loud voice.
C．Because he was holding some flowers.	D．Because they hardly greeted each other.

【小题3】How did the passengers feel when Charlie was not there the next day?

【小题4】 The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph most probably refers to ____.

A．the reach for his not taking the bus	B．the death of one of his very close friends
C．the reach for his looking more grey	D．the silence on the bus

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