阅读理解. Everybody hates it, but everybody does it . A recent report said that 40% of Americans hate tipping . In America alone , tipping is a $16 billion-a-year industry .Consumers acting politely ough 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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阅读理解。

     Everybody hates it, but everybody does it . A recent report said that 40% of Americans hate tipping .
   In America alone , tipping is a $16 billion-a-year industry .Consumers acting politely ought not to pay
more than they have to for a given service . Tips should not exist . So why do they ? The common opinion
in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of
inequality. And also, tipping makes for closer relations. It went without saying that the better the service,
the bigger the tip .
    But according to new research from Cornell University , tips no longer serves any useful function . The
paper analyzes numbers they got from 2547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants . The connection
between larger tips and better service was very weak . Only a tiny part of the size of the tip had anything
to do with the quality of service .
     Tipping is better explained by culture than by the money people spend . In America , the custom came
into being a long time ago . It is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In New York
restaurants , failing to tip at least 15% could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers . Hairdressers
can expect to get 15%-20% , and the man who delivers your fast food $ 2. In Europe , tipping is less
common . In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge . In many Asian
countries , tipping has never really caught on at all . Only a few have really taken to tipping.
    According to Michael Lynn , the Cornell papers' author , countries in which people are more social or
outgoing tend to tip more . Tipping may reduce anxiety about being served by strangers . And , says ,
Mr . Lynn, "in America , where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others , tipping is about
social approval . If you tip badly , people think less of you . "Tipping well is a chance to show off ."

1. This passage is mainly about ______.

A. different kinds of tipping in different countries
B. the relationship between tipping and custom
C. the original and present meaning of tipping
D. most American people hate tipping

2. Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase "caught on" ?

A. been hated
B. become popular
C. been stopped
D. been permitted

3. Among the following situations , in your opinion , who is likely to tip most ?

A.A Frenchman just quarreled with the barber who did his hair badly in NY.
B. A Chinese student enjoyed his meal in a famous fast food restaurant in NY.
C. A Japanese businessman asked for a pizza delivery from a Pizza Hut in NY.
D. An American just had a wonderful dinner in a well-known restaurant in NY.

4. We can infer from this passage that _______.

A. tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves
B. tipping has something to do with people's character
C. tipping in America can make service better now
D. tipping is especially popular in New York

1-4: CBDB

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阅读理解

Oldest Ever Galaxy Found

　　WASHINGTON(AP)－Astronomers believe they’ve found the oldest thing they’ve ever seen in the universe：It’s a galaxy(星系)far, far away from a time long, long ago．

　　Hidden in a Hubble Space Telescope photo released earlier this year is a small point of light that European astronomers now calculate is a galaxy from 13．1 billion years ago．That’s a time when the universe was very young, just about 600 million years old．That would make it the earliest and most distant galaxy seen so far．

　　By now the galaxy is so ancient it probably doesn’t exist in its earlier form and has already changed into bigger neighbors, said Matthew Lehnert of the Paris Observatory, lead author of the study published online Wednesday in the journal Nature．

　　“We are looking at the universe when it was a 20th of its current age,” said California Institute of Technology astronomy professor Richard Ellis, who wasn’t part of the discovery team．“In human terms, we’re looking at a 4-year-old boy in the lifetime of an adult．”

　　While Ellis finds the basis for the study “pretty good”, there have been other claims about the age of distant space objects that have not held up to careful examination．And some experts have questions about this one．But even the doubters praised the study as important and interesting．

　　The European astronomers calculated the age after 16 hours of observations from a telescope in Chile that looked at light signatures of cooling hydrogen gas．

　　Earlier this year, astronomers had made a general estimate of 600 to 800 million years after the Big Bang(宇宙大爆炸)for the most distant unclear points of light in the Hubble photograph, which was presented at an astronomy meeting back in January．

　　In the new study, researchers focused on a single galaxy in their analysis of hydrogen’s light signature, further finding out the age．Garth Illingworth of the University of California, Santa Cruz, who was the scientist behind the Hubble image, said it provided confirmation for the age using a different method, something he called amazing “for such faint objects”．

(1)

We can learn from the passage that _________．
[　　]
A．	the universe came into being about 14 billion years ago
B．	the galaxy is believed to be the same as it was just born
C．	the newly-discovered galaxy is the oldest one in the universe
D．	the galaxy had traveled about 600 millions before the scientists found it

(2)

We can infer from the fourth paragraph that _________．
[　　]
A．	the universe is actually very young
B．	the life-time of the universe is surprisingly long
C．	the humans have been so able as to see far into the universe
D．	what we can see about the universe now is just the tip of the iceberg

(3)

What did some people doubt according to the fifth paragraph?
[　　]
A．	The importance of the discovery
B．	The truth of the discovery
C．	The actual age of the new galaxy
D．	The size of the new galaxy

阅读理解。

    Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye(颜料) broke, there has
been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no
connection whatever.
   Sudan 1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food
products across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.
   Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food products from
the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled.
Last week Sudan's Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for
clarification of the origin of the dye's name.
   Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan's Embassy in China, explained the purpose
of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous
dye.
"We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said. "Our embassy
to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our
country. But they told us there was no relationship."
   The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese
embassy last week.
    "They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name,"
she said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we
cannot give any explanation before we find out."
   Sudan dyes, which include Sudan 1 to 4, are red dyes used for colouring solvents(溶剂), oils,
waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International
Agency for Research on Cancer.

1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?

A. Causing cancer.
B. Having side effect.
C. Containing poison.
D. Poisonous.

2. How did the Sudan 1 get its name?

A. The dye is often produced in Sudan.
B. The dye has something to do with the country named Sudan.
C. Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.
D. Many foods produced in Sudan contain the dye.

3. We can infer from the passage that .

A. the Sudan government is paying much attention to the food safety
B. Sudan 1 is often used to be added to the food
C. people didn't realize the danger of Sudan 1 until 2003
D. many food shops will be closed down

4. Which of the following is the best title?

A. Keep away from Sudan 1
B. No Sudan 1 dye links to the country
C. How Sudan 1 dye got its name?
D. Pay attention to the food safety

阅读理解。

     Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM, 转基因) foods
have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the word, mainly on the basis of their
promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it
would, is it the best solution?
     Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp.
In fact, studies show that the most crown GM crop.
     GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analyzed nearly two decades
of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop
production.
     Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers
that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂). On the contrary, US government
data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional
crops. "The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true," said Bill
Christenson, President of the US National Farm Coalition.
     At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more
than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food
distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results
from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.
     As a matter of fact, scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that
GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are
available, among which "green" farming is supposed to be the first choice.

1. The author develops the second paragraph mainly _____.

A. by classification
B. by comparison
C. by example
D. by process

2. What does the underlined word "boost" in the third paragraph probably mean?

A. Control.
B. Evaluate.
C. Obtain.
D. Increase.

3. GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from ______.

A. practicing "green" farming
B. use of less chemicals
C. fair distribution of their crops
D. using more crops for fuel

4. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?

A. Optimistic
B. Defensive
C. Disapproving
D. Casual

阅读理解。

     Ever felt like destroying the car in front of you when you're
stuck in an endless traffic jam?
     Well ,the Spanish company StopStress is offering clients(客户 )
the possibility of doing just that-but in controlled ,safe conditions.
     Clients can also destroy computers, mobile phones and TV sets
in what the company calls" destructible therapy" ( therapy : treatment
of a medical disorder).
     "We target the machines that cause the most stress in modern
life,"company co-founder Jorge Arribas said in a telephone inter-
view. "People get rid of stress by screaming and beating the ma-
chines until they are tired out. "he explained.
     The company, based in the northern Spanish city of Soria, uses
deserted cars that still work. Heavy-metal music is used to excite
the clients. They are given protective suits and glasses, helmets and
huge hammers.
     Most people's rage only lasts for 5 to 10 minutes. But some go
on for hours : they beat cars on which they've put the names of people
or ideas they would like to get rid of.
     "Some even get together to turn the car over, "Arribas says. A
session costs 60 euros(US $80)per person.
     Arribas says the idea came to him when he was having trouble
parking his car.
     "Dozens of people have used the therapy, which helps people
become aware of their stress level and helps them to slow down,"
Arribas explained.
     "It's better to channel violence in a controlled way than to get
it out on one's husband and wife or in a traffic jam. "he added.
     StopStress already has branches in three Spanish cities, and is
planning to extend its market beyond Spain's borders.

1. The Spanish company StopStress offers people the chance to_______.

A. calm down when they are angry
B. destroy things they no longer need
C. get rid of stress by destroying things
D. get rid of stress by screaming and shouting

2. Which of the following is NOT a means used directly to help people get less stressful in StopStress?

A. Heavy-metal music.
B. Mobile phones.
C. Deserted cars.
D. Protective suits and glasses.

3. The passage is mainly intended to tell you __.

A. a special company in Spain
B. a special way to get rid of stress
C. a new and expanding busines
D. how people deal with stress in Spain

4. The underlined word " channel" in the passage has a similar meaning to" _____".

A. let out
B. go in separate ways
C. avoid
D. reduce

阅读理解。

      Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye (颜料) broke, there has been
confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection
whatever.
     Sudan 1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products
across the European Union (EU) in July 2003. Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving
to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled. Last week Sudan's
Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the
dye's name.
     Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan's Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the
inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye. 　　
     "We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said."Our embassy
to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country.
But they told us there was no relationship."
     The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy
last week. 　
     "They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she
said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any
explanation before we find out."
     Sudan dyes, which include Sudan 1 to 4, are red dyes used for colouring solvents (溶剂), oils, waxes,
petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for
Research on Cancer.

1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?

A. Causing cancer.
B. Having side effect.
C. Containing poison.
D. Poisonous.

2. How did the Sudan 1 get its name?

A. The dye is often produced in Sudan.
B. The dye has something to do with the country named Sudan.
C. Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.
D. Many foods produced in Sudan contain the dye.

3. We can infer from the passage that _____.

4. Which of the following is the best title?

A. Keep away from Sudan 1
B. No Sudan 1 dye links to the country
C. How Sudan 1 dye got its name?
D. Pay attention to the food safety

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