With the approval of the Singapore government, a company called nuTonomy has become the first-ever to test self-driving cars with the public. Interested people could sign up for a free trial run at no cost. When they received an invitation from the company, they could book a ride on the driverless taxi service from their smartphones.Not surprisingly,the rides proved very popular,with dozens of customers eagerly trying out the cars each day.

Driverless cars are a great option for those who do not know how to drive and for those who do not enjoy driving.Some researchers even believe that such cars can make road travel safer by reducing human errors.But since driving requires many of our senses to be on alert(高度警觉), replacing that by machines is easier said than done.

The environment in which cars operate is constantly changing—from roads and pedestrians to co-travelers. A driverless car needs special equipment to analyze its surroundings. Then, it must translate that information into a practical route and safe travel. To be truly autonomous, a car has to do this independently without human input. Today, some cars have a certain degree of autonomous functions. But even the completely automated vehicles still require a driver to take back control under uncertain conditions.

The island city-state is well known for excellent roads and drivers who obey the rules. This has made it ideal for real-world testing and feedback. The government has encouraged research in autonomous vehicles, since it can improve safety and potentially reduce the traffic burden as well.

1.What is the text mainly about?

A. Driverless cars travel safely on the road now.

B. Driverless taxis have been tasted in Singapore.

C. Singapore is the best place to produce driverless cars.

D. Singapore government has decided to use driverless taxis.

2.Which factor matters most when a driverless car travels on the road?

A. The input from human.

B. The directions of its users.

C. The changing environment.

D. The mood of the co-travelers.

3.What can we infer about the driverless curs from Paragraph 2?

A. They have many human senses.

B. They are not absolutely safe on road.

C. They can make people enjoy driving.

D. They are popular with skilled drivers.

4.Why is Singapore a suitable place to test the car?

A. Because it has a small population.

B. Because the pedestrians obey the rules.

C. Because it is famous for its car industry.

D. Because it owns nice roads and polite drivers.

Before you walked down the aisle—if you even did---did you first agree to take your partner’s name? had you agreed to the bank for updated credit cards, changed your email address, and updated your Facebook?

I didn't; and I know plenty of women out there didn't, either. So I was pretty shocked to learn that in a recent survey, over 50 percent of U.S. citizens believe a wife should take her husband's name—and she should be required to do so by law.

Author Emily Schafer, a sociology professor at Portland State University, surveyed a representative national sample of 1,200 people tar the study, which found that a larger number of American adults think there needs to actually be a law in place to prevent women from keeping their own name.

The most common reason given? The general belief is that women should prioritize(优先)their marriage and their family ahead of themselves. To this, I admit I'm a bit confused, because I don't understand how exactly riot taking your husband’s last name means you aren't prioritizing your marriage.

Now, I didn't take my husband's name for a variety of reasons: I didn’t feel like the name was "mine" and professionally I had built up a reputation as a writer under my maiden(未婚的)name, so I didn't want to lose that. His surname wasn't easy to spell, either; everyone gets it wrong (including my mother—still—and we've been married 13 years).But most of all, I felt like in taking my husband's last name, I was losing a huge sense of self. And while yes, we are a family, I don't want his surname to define me. I'm not his possession.

Just like every aspect of motherhood, each woman should be respected for the choices she makes—without having to do anything by law. And we should all be grateful to Lucy Stone—the first American woman to legally maintain her last name after marriage in 1856.Just imagine how difficult that must have been to forego tradition in that time?

1.What can be learned about the tradition of taking a husband's name from the survey?

A. A law should be there to break the tradition.

B. The majority of American adults support the tradition.

C. The majority of American women go against the tradition.

D. The law requires wives to take their husbands' names in America.

2.Why does an American woman generally take her husband's name?

A. To value her marriage and family.

B. To show honesty to her husband.

C. To join in the family of her husband.

D. To unite a new family under the same name.

3.What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?

A. Why the author didn't use her husband's name.

B. Why the author's mother didn't like her husband.

C. How worthy the author's own maiden name was.

D. How bored the author became with her husband's name.

4.What does the author think of the tradition?

A. It's reasonable B. It isn’t worth caring

C. Every coin has two sides D. It's out of date and confusing.

“There’s a mother in PICU(儿童重症监护病房)who wants to talk about a kit she received,” the nurse told me. “Something about it made her cry.”

I’ve been a child-1ife specialist at the Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital since 2000. I help families understand diagnoses and treatment plans and manage the ups and downs that come with caring for a sick child. Tough talks with parents are part of the job, which still makes me feel nervous.

The kits the nurse was talking about were something I had recently introduced to the hospital: Comfort Kits from Guideposts. They were supposed to make a child’s experience here easier, not upsetting.

When I came across the kits at a conference. I fell in love with them. A treasure box of items designed not only to entertain kids, but to comfort and inspire them. There’s a coloring book, a stress ball, a CD of relaxing music, a hairy star named Sparkle, a journal and much more. I really believed these kits would help kids. I wished I hadn’t been mistaken.

At the patient’s room in PICU I saw a little girl, sleeping soundly, surrounded by tubes and machines. My eyes met her mother's. The kit was open on her lap and tears were running down her cheeks.

“I'm Shannon. I manage the Child Life Department.” I said. “I'm sorry if the kit upset you .It’s a new item…”

The mother shook her head. “This has been one of the worst days of my life .I felt so scared and alone. Then I was handed this box. I know it’s for my daughter, but it's just the comfort I needed. I wanted to say thank you.”

With that I knew Comfort Kits belonged here. We’ve been using them for almost three years now. Each child who’s admitted to the hospital receives one. Every day I see kids coloring, journaling, playing with Sparkle.

But as this mom showed me Comfort Kits aren’t just for kids. The hope they bring, which can be in short supply in hospitals sometimes, is felt by the whole family.

1.The author introduced Comfort Kits to the hospital to_________.

A. relax nurses B. benefit sick kids

C. comfort parents D. cure kids of diseases

2.Why was the girl’s mother crying?

A. She was moved to tears. B. She felt alone and scared.

C. She couldn’t wake her kid. D. She worried about her kid’s illness.

3.The closest in meaning to “which can be in short supply in hospitals sometimes” is_______.

A. kits are in great need in hospitals

B. there may be lack of hope in hospitals

C. parents are often in low spirits in hospitals

D. medical supplies are not enough in hospitals

4.What’s the author's attitude towards Comfort Kits?

A. Disappointed. B. Excited.

C. Nervous. D. Confident.

Hello,everybody.Welcome to surf on a new Web site—SCIENCE NEWS FOR KIDS!

Our goal is to offer timely items of interest to kids,accompanied by suggestions for hands on activities,books, articles,Web resources,and other useful materials.

Our emphasis is on making the Web site attractive by offering kids opportunities to comment on and grade the subject matter,get ideas for science projects,and try out math puzzles.At the same time,we offer teachers creative ways of using science news in their classrooms.

The Science News for Kids Web site,supported by several corporations and foundations,strengthens the usefulness of Science News in the middle-school classroom and offers entertaining reading and activities for students interested in science.

A section of the Science News for Kids Web site is devoted to particular interests.At present,we have six such zones: a weekly brainteaser(难题)for those who enjoy solving and inventing puzzles (PuzzleZone),entertaining science-fiction composition exercises for those interested in writing (SciFiZone),and weekly science short description along with science project ideas and tips (ScienceFairZone).The GameZone contains a small selection of logic and memory games.The TeacherZone has materials,including question sheets related to the feature article of the week,so that teachers can bring science news topics to the classroom.The LabZone features a weekly hands on activity or science project idea.In the future,we might add additional zones,for example,for kids interested in robotics,the environment,computers,math,or veterinary(兽医的)medicine and animals.

Contact us at editor@snkids.com. Science News for Kids 1719 N Street,N.W.

Washington,DC 20036 Phone :202-785-2255 Fax: 202-659-0365

1.Science News for Kids is a Web site mainly devoted to____.

A. introductions to the newly-published science books

B. useful teaching materials for teachers in schools

C. electronic games for those interested in computers

D. timely news for children interested in science

2.What makes the Web site an attractive one to the teachers?

A. Offering recreational reading materials in science.

B. Trying out interesting and challenging mathematical puzzles.

C. Offering opportunities to comment on and grade the subject matter.

D. Giving creative ways of using science in classrooms.

3.Which of the following messages can't you find on Science News for Kids?

A. Brazil's air traffic controllers are back at work after a 6-hour strike.

B. Taking a big bite isn't always the best strategy in this two-player game.

C. Astronomers have discovered a “family” of related objects in a region of the solar system.

D. What is one-half of two-thirds of three-quarters of four-fifths of five-sixths of 10,000?

4.Which section of the Web site is suitable to you if you have much imagination and intend to be a writer in the future?

A. PuzzleZone. B. LabZone.

C. SciFiZone. D. ScienceFairZone.

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