题目内容

2．The country wasgoverned（统治）by the Roman Empire．

分析 这个国家受到罗马帝国的统治．

解答 答案：governed 考查翻译填空，根据句意和句子结构，要填入动词，govern意为"统治"，要用被动语态，其过去分词是governed．

点评 考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．

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12．What's the man's nationality？
A．Canadian．  B．British．    C．American．
13．The National Gallery of Art in Washington，D．C．，is one of the world's greatest art museums．Millions of people have entered its doors to see paintings by the world's fine artists．But if these priceless masterpieces are to be preserved，the Gallery must protect them carefully．The Gallery's 135-man guard force has successfully prevented theft，but protecting the paintings from nature is a greater problem．
In past times，the owners of paintings did not protect them from damaging changes in humidity and temperature．As a result，the life of these paintings was shortened．In the National Gallery，however，humidity and temperature are carefully controlled．The building is air-conditioned in summer and heated in winter．The air-conditioning and heating systems are so important to the life of the paintings that the Gallery has two of each system．If one should fail，the extra one can take over．
Light is another enemy of paintings．Ultraviolet rays （紫外线） in light cause paintings to fade （褪色）．Long ago，paintings often hung in dark churches and palaces．A coat of varnish （清漆） was a protection from the weak light．But when museums took over the care of many paintings，they were often hung in brighter light than before．Soon they were in danger of fading．The damaging effects of light were increased when the museums removed the varnish coating，yellowed with age．
To protect its paintings，the National Gallery installed （安装） a special kind of glass in its skylights．This glass allows visible lights to enter the building but it keeps out harmful ultraviolet rays．The Gallery has also developed new and better varnishes which help to keep paintings from fading．Thanks to these new precautions （预防措施），many of the world's greatest paintings are being well protected for future generations to enjoy．
32．The text mainly tells us aboutD．
A．the guard force in the National Gallery
B．the air-conditioning and heating systems in the National Gallery
C．priceless paintings of past times
D．protecting great paintings from nature
33．What does harm to paintings according to the text？A
A．Humidity，temperature and light．
B．Humidity，temperature and varnish．
C．Humidity，light and varnish．
D．Temperature，light and varnish．
34．Why did the museums remove varnish coatings from some paintings？D
A．They had built glass boxes for the paintings．
B．They had taken over the care of the paintings．
C．They found the coatings yellowed with age．
D．They would add other coating materials to the paintings．
35．We can infer from the text thatB．
A．the National Gallery has done little to protect the paintings
B．the care of the world's greatest paintings is both a big responsibility and a great challenge
C．you can touch these paintings while you are in the National Gallery
D．the guard force in the Gallery has not done a good job．
10．请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文．
　　People are always looking for someone to look up to and imitate．You can set the example by becoming the person that people want to be like．You can help change the world by changing yourself．
　　注意：
　　①无须写标题；
　　②除诗歌外，文体不限；
　　③内容必须结合你生活中的一个事例；
　　④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
　　⑤词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数．
17．Not many years ago，a wealthy and rather strange old man named Johnson lived alone in a village in the south of England．He had made a lot of money in trading with foreign countries．When he was seventy-five，he gave﹩60，000to the village school to buy land and equipment for a children's ground．
As a result of his kindness，he became famous．Many people came to visit him．Among them was a newspaperman．During their talk，Johnson remarked that he was seventy-five and expected to live to be hundred．The newspaperman asked him how he managed to be healthy at seventy-five．Johnson had a sense of humor．He liked whisky and drank some each day．"I have an injection （注射） in my neck each evening，"he told the newspaperman，thinking of his evening glass of whisky．
The newspaperman did not understand what Johnson meant．In his newspaper he reported that Johnson was seventy-five and had daily injection in his neck．Within a week Johnson received thousands of letters from all over Britain，asking him for the secret of his daily injection．

1．Johnson became a rich man throughA．
A．doing business  
B．making whisky   
C．cheating     
D．buying and selling land
2．The gift of money to the school suggests that JohnsonD．
A．had many children in the school           
B．was a strange old man
C．wanted people to know how rich he was    
D．was kind and fond of children
3．Many people wrote to Johnson to find outB．
A．what kind of whisky he had        
B．how to live alone
C．how to become wealthy           
D．in which part of the neck to have an injection
4．When Johnson said he had an injection in his neck each evening，he really meant thatA．
A．he liked drinking a glass of whisky in the evening
B．he needn't an injection in the neck
C．a daily injection in the evening would make him sleep well
D．there was something wrong with his neck．
7．Elephants have impressed us for centuries．They are big，clever，and sociable．But what if someone told you that they may also hold the key to fighting cancer？
People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer，even though they have life spans（寿命）that are similar to humans，living for around 50to 70years．
Now scientists believe they know why．A team at the University of Chicago，Us has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors（肿瘤）from developing．To be precise，they found 20copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP 53in elephants．Most other species，humans included，only carry one copy．
According to the research，which was recently published on the online science network BioRxiv，the extra copies of the gene improved the animal's sensitivity to DNA damage．This lets the cells（细胞）quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can form deadly tumors．
"An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals，"study author Dr Vincent Lynch told The Guardian．If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous，large creatures with long life spans like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice do．But across species，the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass．
This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named"Peto's paradox"．Evolutionary biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller do not，In the elephant's case，the making of TP53is nature's way of keeping this species alive．
The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice，they had the same cancer resistance as elephants．This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancers from spreading or even developing in the first place．
"Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer，"said Joshua Schiffman，an oncologist at the School of Medicine，University of Utah，US．
"It's up to us to learn how different animals tackle（对付）the problem so we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people．"

4．Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer？B
A．They have a large body size
B．They carry many genes that keep tumors from developing
C．Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors
D．Their genes suffer no DNA damage
5．According to Dr．Vincent Lynch，what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals？D
A．Extreme weather              
B．Cells killing themselves
C．Human behavior              
D．A risk of deadly tumors
6．What does the underlined expression"this phenomenon"on the sixth paragraph refer to？A
A．The risk of cancer is not related to body size
B．Larger animals have protection from TP53
C．Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones do
D．The larger animals are，the bigger risk of cancer they have
7．We can conclude from the last three paragraphs thatB．
A．depending on nature is not enough to fight against cancer
B．the TP53genes have proven useful in stopping cancer in mice
C．this new treatment is more effective than the present ones
D．humans are expected to stop cancer in the near future．
14．Having confidence isn't always an easy thing．Let me give you some tips on how to improve your self-confidence．
Make sure you understand yourself．You must accept who you are．1（36）GEveryone has good qualities and it's important to understand yourself．
Make a list of the positive things about you．Don't focus too much on what you aren't good at．Write down what you enjoy doing and what you are good at doing．（37）A They know you well．
（38）BDon't be afraid to do something you've never done．Try new things．Challenging yourself to experience other things will make you learn more about who you are．
Forget the idea of having to please others．Set your own standards（标准） and realize everyone is dif ferent．They don't know what is best for you or what make s you successful．（39）EMake sure you're honest with yourself and others．I've discovered many people aren't honest with themselves，and others aren't very confident in themselves．（40）C
A．If you aren't sure，ask your family members or friends．
B．Try something new to get the chance of success．
C．Honesty is the secret to many things．
D．Experi ence challenges to know more about yourself．
E．Everyone's idea of being successful is different．
F．Make sure you have sense of humor．
G．You may have realized you have good qualities．
11．He is a good cook at home and takes good care of the children，and ______ his wife．（　　）
A．so doesB．so isC．so is withD．so it is with
12．In 1985，a lionfish was caught off the coast of Florida．Now they can be found not only in the Atlantic Ocean but also in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea．And they are continuing to move south．Lionfish are native to the Indian and western Pacific Oceans．So how did they end up in the Atlantic？Scientists believe some pet owners abandoned their unwanted lionfish and poured them into the sea．Little did they know the trouble their actions would cause．
The Atlantic Ocean turned out to be a comfortable home for lionfish．Their venomous spines （毒刺） protect them from sharks and other fish．Female lionfish can spawn （产卵） every few days，producing as many as 2million eggs per year．Other big fish would have competed with lionfish for food．Bet overfishing has removed many of these large fish．As a result，the fish have eaten so much that they have grown to be more then three times the size of their cousins in the Pacific and Indian Oceans．"They eat mostly fish，"says Stephanie Green，a scientist at Oregon State University．
All that eating has caused great changes．Scientists have found that when lionfish are present somewhere，many other fish，which are small enough for them to eat，disappear．Some of the fish they eat are greatly missed in their habitats．For example，parrotfish eat certain plants off corals（珊瑚），which allows corals to grow better．But they are now disappearing due to lionfish．
Scientists say lionfish are here to stay．But there are ways to deal with the problem．The key，says Green，is to keep lionfish numbers in check．In Florida，drivers can now go though a special training program and get certified（授予合格证书） to catch lionfish in areas where fishing is not usually allowed．And a number of restaurants have added the fish to the menu．"It's going to be a long-term battle，but the missing sea species will come back someday，"says Green．
33．What can we learn about lionfish？A
A．Its population is growing very quickly．
B．All of them are almost the same size．
C．They eat other big fish and even sharks
D．Most of them have gathered in the Atlantic．
34．Parrotfish were mentioned to show lionfish'sD．
A．loneliness
B．carelessness
C．weakness
D．harmfulness
35．What is Stephanie Green's attitude to the battle against lionfish？B
A．She doubts it．
B．She is hopeful of it．
C．She is worried about it．
D．She thinks it is against the law．

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