题目内容

It’s true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There’s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: “The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity.”
You may not believe that humans could change the planet’s climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible (看不见的) blanket.
Of course, the earth’s climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere – not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why aren’t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?”
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths – one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
【小题1】In most scientists’ opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by ________.

A.solar activityB.volcanic activity
C.natural factorsD.human factors
【小题2】The text is developed by ________.
A.giving typical examples
B.following the order of space
C.analyzing a theory and arguing it
D.comparing and finding differences
【小题3】The underline word “identical” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A.totally differentB.exactly the same
C.extremely importantD.partly independent
【小题4】Which of the following is not the cause of climate change?
A.volcanic eruption
B.cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun
C.changes in solar
D.floods and droughts
【小题5】Which of the following can be the best title?
A.Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?
B.Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?
C.Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?
D.What’s the Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?


【小题1】D
【小题2】C
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【小题5】C

解析试题分析:文章对人类是否对气候变暖这一理论进行了论述,表明是否是人类的影响尚且不能定论。
【小题1】细节题。从第一段There’s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing.可知,绝大多数的科学家认为,全球气候变暖是由于人类的因素。故选D
【小题2】推断题。文章对首先对一个普遍存在的理论进行分析,再引用一些专家的观点对这一普遍的理论进行辩论,故选C
【小题3】推断题。从最后一段可知,如果要分析是否是人类造成的影响需要有两个完全条件一致的实验,一个有人类活动的地球,一个是没有人类活动的地球,对两个实验进行参照性的比较,显然这是不可能的,故选B
【小题4】细节题。从文章第三自然段such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun.可知,除了D答案外其余的都是气候变化的原因。
【小题5】主旨题。文章对人类是否对气候变暖这一理论进行了论述,表明是否是人类的影响尚且不能定论,所以最好的标题是人类一定会造成气候变暖吗?故选C
考点:科普类说明文
点评:说明文是高考必考的文章体裁,出题的范围很广泛,新型科技类文体是比较受青睐的。学生在解答此类题目时应对整个文章做个大概的了解,对每一段的第一句话迅速的阅读,进而读题,在读题的过程中找出关键词在文章中进行定位,逐一作答。

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Seven Health Facts about Coffee

When you’re considering your morning coffee, here are some health facts to keep in mind:

1. Coffee Reduces Your Risk of Diabetes (糖尿病)

In a 2005 review of nine studies, researchers found that for those that drank four to six cups of coffee per day, versus only two or fewer, their risk for Type 2 diabetes decreased by almost 30 percent. The number decreased by 35 percent when people drank more than six cups per day. And if you’re picturing yourself running around the office with your eyes bugging out of your head, no worries because caffeinated and decaffeinated coffees provided much the same results.

2. Coffee Fights Free Radicals (自由基)

We often forget that coffee is actually a plant and like all plant foods, the coffee bean contains more than 1,000 naturally occurring substances called phytochemicals, which may help prevent disease. Many of these phytochemicals are antioxidants which protect the cells from damage from free radicals.

3. Coffee Improves Memory and Cognition

Researchers reported that volunteers who drank caffeinated coffee in the morning performed better than nondrinkers on tests that involved learning new information. Coffee can also improve cognitive function as we age. One study found that combining coffee with a sweet treat had an even bigger impact.

4. Coffee Can Increase Osteoporosis (骨质疏松)

It’s true that coffee can cause the body to excrete calcium in urine. We don’t want the body to rid itself of calcium because this can lead to osteoporosis. According to The Diet Channel, about five milligrams of calcium is lost per every six ounces of coffee consumed. But these calcium losses can be counter balanced with two tablespoons of milk or yogurt per cup of coffee.

5. Coffee Causes Wrinkles

Even though coffee has antioxidants, if you drink too much of it, it can cause wrinkling of the skin. This is a result of dehydration (脱水) which is the worst thing for your skin. So when you’re drinking that morning cup or two, make sure that you’re pairing it with water. Even better, add one tablespoon of chia seeds to your water and let them sit for 30 minutes. The chia seeds keep you even more hydrated than regular water.

6. Coffee Can Actually Cause Weight Gain

The blood sugar changes that a caffeine high produces can contribute enormously to a strong desire for it, according to iVillage. Coffee is also socially connected to food. For example, we pair coffee with dessert or that morning powdered doughnut. Additionally, when we crash from our caffeine high that’s when we reach for all sorts of fatty snacks to keep us going.

7. Conventional Coffee Is Laden with Pesticides (杀虫剂)

The coffee plant is one of the most heavily sprayed crops. It’s coated with chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides, nothing you’d want to be swallowing. If you do drink coffee, make sure that it’s the organic variety, free from assorted chemicals that leech into our ground water and can make us sick down the road.

If you switch to decaffeinated coffee, make sure the caffeine (咖啡因) is removed in a natural way without the use of chemicals to do it. Often times, conventional decaffeinated coffee has more chemicals than regular.

   If you want to decrease the risk of diabetes by 35%, you need to take at least _____ cups of     coffee every day.

    A. seven            B. six          C. five             D. four 

If you are a heavy drinker of coffee, a far better way to avoid wrinkling of your skin is to drink water _____.

    A. less than usual  B. regularly        C. with sugar       D. with chia seeds

   Which of the following statements is wrong?

    A. Adding two spoons of milk to a cup of coffee can prevent calcium losses.

    B. Decaffeinated coffee has different effects from caffeinated coffee as to diabetes.

    C. Many phytochemicals protect the cells from damage from free radicals.

    D. The organic variety of coffee plant is free from assorted chemicals.

   The author has a/an _____ attitude towards drinking of coffee.

    A. positive     B. negative     C. objective        D. imaginative

A quarrel at home may result in your falling ill. Don’t laugh, it’s true. Family matters including living habits and even the way we speak have a big effect on our health, doctors say.
Wang Xiaoyu, a Senior 2 girl from Xichang, Sichuan Province, fainted (晕倒) in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices. Quarrels between her parents also put the girl into a coma. It is because she is suffering from depression (抑郁症), caused by bad relations at home, doctors explained.
“We don’t get sick or stay well by ourselves,” says Dr Robert Ferrer from the US. Ferrer shows that family forces may explain up to a quarter of health problems, in his recent research. The genes you get from your family may cause illness. If one of your parents has a heart attack, your risk of being affected may double. But effects on health are not only written in our DNA.
Unrelated people who live under the same roof also get similar problems. Diet, lifestyle and environment affect our health, too. Ferrer’s research also found that if teenagers feel they are ignored or unimportant at home they are more likely to get sick.
We may never fully understand all the effects that families have on our health. But just as individual (个别的) problems can have effects on others, a small improvement can have big benefits, Ferrer said.
【小题1】 Which of the following can best explain why Wang Xiaoyu fainted in class?

A.Because her classmates often quarreled in class.
B.Because her parents used to quarrel.
C.Because of her depression caused by bad family relations.
D.Because her classmates shouted loudly at her.
【小题2】 According to Dr Ferrer, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.We get sick or stay well by ourselves.
B.Only the genes we get from our family have a big effect on our health.
C.Our health has nothing to do with diet, lifestyle and environment.
D.Teenagers who are ignored at home get sick more easily than those who are not.
【小题3】 The underlined word “coma” in Paragraph2 probably means ________.
A.surpriseB.faintC.tirednessD.sadness
【小题4】The best title for this passage is ________.
A.Family relations.B.The reasons why we get sick.
C.Family---- another cause to healthD.A research about health.

“Your honor(法官大人)! Let me say a few words for myself.What they have told you is just not true.I was not trying to kill anyone, and it was hardly possible to try to kill three strong young men at the same time.I didn’t have anything to tell people that night and was quite alone.I didn’t know them and needn’t hate them.I was attacked by them, and I knocked one of them down, it’s true, but Iwas made to do it, or I might be killed by them.I did this not because I hated the white men as they said.I just had to do so.While I was beaten in the dark street by the three men, a policeman came, caught me and took me here.I know why I was beaten.I have just moved into a house next to these three white men.I have felt that I am not welcome and I have tried to be quiet.I think, as an American, I have the right to choose where to live.I am guilty.What makes me guilty is my color opposite to theirs and I can’t enjoy justice.Yes, I am not guilty.This is all I want to say.Thank you, your honor.”

1.What color was the speaker?

A.Black.        B.White.       C.Brown.       D.Yellow.

2.Why did he speak for himself?

A.He wanted to live in the house next to the whites.

B.He wanted to have the right to choose where to live.

C.He wanted to show he was not guilty.

D.He wanted to show he didn’t hate the whites.

3.The speaker was caught because ____.

A.the policeman wanted to save him

B.he was black and was fighting with the whites

C.he killed the three men in a dark street

D.he lived in a house next to the whites

4.What’s the right order of the story?

a.The speaker said something for himself.

b.The three men said something.

c.The speaker knocked down one of the three men.

d.The speaker was beaten by the three men.

e.He was caught by the policeman.

f.The speaker moved into a house near the whites.

A.a-b-f-d-c-e      B.b-a-f-c-d-e         C.f-d-c-e-b-a    D.f-c-d-e-a-b

 

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