Everybody hates it， but everybody does it．A recent report said that 40% of Americans hate tipping．
In America alone， tipping is a $16 billion－a－year industry．Consumers acting politely ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service．Tips should not exist．So why do they? The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality．And also， tipping makes for closer relations．It went without saying that the better the service， the bigger the tip．
But according to new research from Cornell University， tips no longer serves any useful function．The paper analyzes numbers they got from 2547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants．The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak．Only a tiny part of the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service．
Tipping is better explained by culture than by the money people spend．In America， the custom came into being a long time ago．It is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service．In New York restaurants， failing to tip at least 15% could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers．Hairdressers can expect to get 15%—20%， and the man who delivers your fast food $ 2．In Europe， tipping is less common．In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge．In many Asian countries， tipping has never really caught on at all．Only a few have really taken to tipping．
According to Michael Lynn， the Cornell papers’ author， countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more．Tipping may reduce anxiety about being served by strangers．And， says， Mr．Lynn， “in America， where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others， tipping is about social approval．If you tip badly， people think less of you．“Tipping well is a chance to show off．”
(1)
This passage is mainly about________
[ ]
A．
different kinds of tipping in different countries
B．
the relationship between tipping and custom
C．
the origin and present meaning of tipping
D．
most American people hate tipping
(2)
Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase “caught on”?
[ ]
A．
been hated
B．
become popular
C．
been stopped
D．
been permitted
(3)
Among the following situations， in your opinion， who is likely to tip most?
[ ]
A．
A Frenchman just quarreled with the barber who did his hair badly in NY．
B．
A Chinese student enjoyed his meal in a famous fast food restaurant in NY．
C．
A Japanese businessman asked for a pizza delivery from a Pizza Hut in NY．
D．
An American just had a wonderful dinner in a well－known restaurant in NY．
(4)
We can infer from this passage that________
[ ]
A．
tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves
B．
tipping has something to do with people’s character
Methods of studying vary; what works 1 for some students doesn’t work at all for others．The only thing you can do is experiment 2 you find a system that does work for you．But two things are sure： 3 else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t although college．Meantime, there are a few rules that 4 for everybody．The hint is “don’t get 5 ”．
The problem of studying, 6 enough to start with, becomes almost 7 when you are trying to do 8 in one weekend． 9 the fastest readers have trouble 10 that．And if you are behind in written work that must be 11 , the teacher who accepts it 12 late will probably not give you good credit．Perhaps he may not accept it 13 ．Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no 14 ．Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’ t 15 one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz．And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the 16 of the others, either because they like one class much better or ?because they find it so much harder that they think, they should 17 all their time to it． 18 the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this 19 , begin with the shortest and easiest 20 ．Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work．
17 .