American society is not nap (午睡)friendly . In fact , says David Dings , sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , “There’s even a prohibition (禁止) against admitting we need sleep”. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work . To quote a proverb : “Some sleep five hours , nature requires seven , laziness nine and wickedness(淘气的) eleven.”

The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them . “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping ,” says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University , the godfather of sleep research .

Last year a national commission led by Dement identified(发现) an “American sleep debt” which one member said was as important as the national debt . The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness : people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving . This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House . According to recent reports , President Clinton is trying to take a half---hour snooze (瞌睡) every afternoon .

About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity . We seem to have “a mid afternoon quiet phase ,” also called “a secondary sleep gate .” Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed . Clearly , we were born to nap .

We superstars of snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut--eye or to prepare for a night shift . Rather , we “snack” on sleep ,whenever , wherever and at whatever time we feel like it . I myself have napped in buses , cars , planes and on boats ; on floors and beds ;and in libraries ,  offices and museums .

The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans     .

A. don’t like to take naps 

B. are terribly worried about their national debt

C. think that lack of enough sleep causes many accidents 

D. have caused many industrial and traffic accidents

The purpose of this article is to     .

warn us of the wickedness of napping 

B. explain the danger of sleepiness

C. discuss the side effects of napping

D. convince the reader of the necessity of napping

The “American sleep debt”(Line 1 , Para .3) is the result of      .

the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep

the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration

the rapid development of American industry

the Americans’ worry about the danger of sleepiness

The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is      .

preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift

good practice to eat something light before we go to bed

essential (基本的) to make up for lost sleep

natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it

Imagine a boy from a small village in East Africa, He from a very early age has been looking after cattle. At twelve years old he knows more about cattle than most of you. However, he has never been to school. Has this boy ever had any education?

Education is discovering about ourselves and about the people and things around us. All the people who care about us — our parents, brothers, sisters, friends — are our teachers. In fact, we learn something from everyone we meet. We start learning on the day we are born, not on the first day" we go to school. Every day we have new experiences, like finding a bird's nest, discovering a new street in our neighborhood, making friends with someone we didn't like before. New experiences are even more fun when we share them with other people.

Encouragement from the people around us enables us to explore things as much as possible. As we grow up, we begin to find out what we are capable of doing. You may be good at cooking, or singing or playing football. You find this out by doing these things. Just thinking about cooking doesn't tell you if you are good at it.

We learn so much just living from day to day. So why is school important? Of course you can learn some things better at home than at school, like how to do the shopping, and how to help old or disabled people who can' t do everything for themselves. At school, teachers help us to read and write. With their guidance, we begin to see things in different ways.

1. The writer takes the African boy as an example to show that _______.

A. African children are very poor          

B. some children are unlucky

C. education takes many ways               

D. schools are of great importance

2.In the eyes of the writer       .

A. we have to learn from the people around us  

B. school is not important at all

C. only the people caring for us can teach us      

D. education takes place everywhere

3.One can find out what he is good at by     _.

A. the encouragement of people around       B. the teachings of those he or she meets

C. thinking of it when growing up           D. trying practicing it

4. How the writer looks at the role of school is that       .

A. school is not so important as our living places

B. school enables us to understand the world in other ways

C. school teaches us something useless at home

D. school cannot prepare us for our daily lives

5. The passage tells us that _     .

A. everyone gets education from the day he or she is born

B. different education trains different classes of people

C. school is absolutely necessary if one wants to understand the world

D. everyone will find out what he or she is good at

 

Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and do things with. Sure, there are times when we need to be alone. We don’t always want people around. But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend.

No two people are the same. Sometimes friends don’t get along well. That doesn’t mean they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will go on being friends. Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very sad. We miss them very much. But we can call them and write to them. Maybe we wound never see them again. And we can make new friends. It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them. Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. Many places are named after men and women, if they are friendly to people in a town. Some libraries are named in this way. So are some schools. We think of these people when we go to these places.

There is more good news for people, if they have friends. These people live longer than those people who don’t have friends. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well. Or it could be just knowing that someone cares. If someone cares about you, you take better care of yourself.

1. The first paragraph tells us_______

A.what is the feeling of having no friends

B.how to communicate with friends

C.making friends is a need in people’s life

D.we need to be alone in our life

2.According to the author, why sometimes friends don’t get along well? Because________

A.friends move away

B.we don’t call them and write to them

C.we have made new friends

D.no two people are the same

3. Which of the following places people name after their friendly people is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. A town    B. A room     C.A school     D.A library

4.Why do people who have friends live longer?

A.They feel happier and healthier.

B.They know more about friendship.

C.They take less care of themselves.

D.They care more about their friends.

5.This passage mainly tells us ______

A.that people are all friends        B. that people need friends

C. how to get to know friends       D.how to name a place

 

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